2022武漢市高考英語閱讀理解和書面表達一輪練習(xí)(4)及答案

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 It'sneverarealproblemforuswhentheweathergetscold．Wehavemanydifferentwaysofcopingwiththecold．Wecanputonmoreclothes,staynexttoafireplace,turnontheairconditionerorsimplytraveltoawarmercitytospendthewinter．ButthingsarenotaseasyforplantsUnlikehumans,plantscan’tmovetoescapethecoldorgenerateheattokeepthemselveswarm．Sohowdotheymanagetosurvivethefreezingwinter?Thecoldisabigchallengeforplants．Theirlivingtissuescanbedamagedwhentheyfreeze．It'slikeaplant'sequivalent(相等物）tofrostbite（凍瘡）．Also，theprocessoffreezingandthawing（解凍）cancauseairbubblestoformintheplant'swatertransportsystem．Ifenoughoftheseairbubblescometogetheraswaterthawstheycanblocktheflowofwaterfromtherootstotheleavesandkilltheplant．Tolivethroughcoldweather，plantshavedevelopedthreestrategies，Someplants，suchasoaktrees,avoidfreezingdamagebydroppingtheirleaves,beforethewinterchillsetsin-effectivelyshuttingofftheflowofwaterbetweenrootsandleaves—andgrowingnewleavesandwatertransportcellswhenthewarmspringreturns.Otherplants,pinetreesforexample,protectthem-selvesbynarrowingtheirwatertransportcells,whichmakesiteasierforcellstotravelamongairbubbles．Thethirdstratef;yi8alsothemostextreme．Someplants;dieonthegroundinwinterandstartgrowingasnewplantsfromseedswhenconditionsgetwarmer．However,thesesmartstrategiesweredeveloped\nmry8lowly－overmillionsofyearsofevolution．Thisleadsscientiststoworrythatplantsmaynotbeabletodealwithhuman-causedclimatechange,whichhasonlystartedoccurringoverthepastfewdecades．Scientistsarehopingtofindpossiblewaystosaveplantsfromthethreatofclimatechange．1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A．Differentwaysforpeopletokeepwarm． B．Howplantslivethroughthefreezingwinter． C．Howplantsdevelopthe8tratef;iestokeepwarm* D．Thewaystosaveplantsfromthecold,2．Ifthewatertransportfromrootstoleaves18blocked,．A．theplantwillsufferfromf'rostbiteB．a(chǎn)irbubbleswillbeformedC．theplant'slivingtissueswillbedamagedD．theplantwillbekilled3．Oaktreesprotectthemselvesby． A．stoppingthewatertransportfromrootstoleaves B．droppingtheirleavestogrowseeds C．slowingtheflowofwaterfromrootstoleaves D．storingenoughwaterintheroots4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“setsin”meaninParagraph3? A．stopsB．beginsC．leaves D．returns5．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph A．Plantscan,easilyadapttoclimatechange． B．Scientistsaremakingeffortstosaveplants． C．Climateschangeisagreatthreattoplants． D．Plantsaredevelopingnewstrategiestosurvive．【參考答案】1—5、BDADC閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。(2021·合肥市二模，D)Itisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.Swallowapieceofchewinggumanditwillremaininyourbodyforsevenyearsbeforeitisdigested.Anevenworsetaleisthatswallowedgumcanwrapitselfaroundyourheart.Butwhatdoeshappenifyoushouldaccidentallyeatastickofgum?Chewinggumismadeoutofgumbase,sweeteners,coloringandflavoring.Thegumbaseisprettyindigestible—itisamixtureofdifferentingredients(成分)thatourbodycan'tabsorb.Mostofthetime,yourstomachreallycannotbreakdownthegumthewayitwouldbreakdownotherfoods.However,yourdigestivesystemhasanotherwaytodealwiththingsyouswallow.Afterall,weeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeepmovingalonguntiltheymakeitallthewaythroughthegut(腸子)andcomeoutattheotherendoneortwodayslater.Thesaliva(唾液)inourmouthswillmakeanattemptatdigestingchewinggumassoonasweputitinourmouths.Itmightgetthroughtheshellbutmanyofgum'sbaseingredientsareindigestible.It'sthendowntoourstomachmuscles—whichcontractandrelax,muchlikethewayanearthwormmoves—toslowlyforcethethingsthatweswallowthroughoursystems.Swallowingahugepieceofgumorswallowingmanysmallpiecesofguminashorttimecancauseablockagewithinthedigestivesystem,mostofteninchildren,whohaveathinnerdigestivetubethanadults—butthisisextremelyrare.文章大意：本文為一篇科普類說明文。誤食口香糖是不是像大人嚇小孩子那樣可怕呢？本文對此進行了分析。8．Childrenmightfeelterrifiedafterswallowingchewinggummainlybecause________.A．theybelievethetalltalesaboutchewinggumB．chewinggumwillstayintheirbodyforyearsC．theirheartwillbewrappedbychewinggumD．chewinggumisindigestibleforchildren答案：A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Itisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.”以及對其次、三句話的理解可知，答案A符合文義。B、C兩項只是分別說明白talltale的內(nèi)容，故排解。9．Whathappenstothefoodthatcan'tbefullybrokendown?A．Itremainsinourdigestivesystemforever.B．Itwillbeeventuallymovedoutofourbody.C．Itwillfightagainstthepowerofthegut.D．Itwillsticktothegutforoneortwodays.答案：B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段最終兩句“Afterall,weeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeepmoving...comeoutattheotherendoneortwodayslater.”可知，答案B符合文義。10．ThewordIt(inthe4thparagraph)refersto________.A．Theattempt B．ThesalviaC．Theshell D．Thegumbase答案：B指代推斷題。依據(jù)對文章第四段前兩句的理解可知，此處的It是指第四段第一句中的Thesaliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文義。11．Whatwouldbethebesttitlefortext?A．Howdoesourdigestivesystemwork?B．Canchewinggumbeswallowedbykids?C．Doesswallowingchewinggummatter?D．Whyswallowingchewinggumfrightenskids?答案：C標題概括題。文章第一段由一個使小孩子可怕的說法導(dǎo)入話題，下文是對口香糖進入肚子后會怎樣的一個科學(xué)解釋，由此可推知，選項C“誤食口香糖要緊嗎”最適合作為文章標題。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。(2021·合肥市二模，E)Tellingfewerliesbenefitspeoplephysicallyandmentally.AnitaKelly,studyauthorandprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNotreDame,employed110adultsforherstudy.Shedividedthemintotwogroupsandaskedonegrouptostoplyingfor10weeks.Liesincludedbigonesandtinyones—anyfalsestatements—butparticipantswerestillallowedtoleaveoutthetruth,keepsecretsandavoidquestionstheydidn'twanttoanswer,etc.Theothergroupwasn'tgivenanyspecialinstructionsaboutlying.Itturnsoutthatbothgroupsreducedtheirlying,butthosewhowerespecificallytoldtotellthetruthimprovedtheirhealthmore.“Wefoundthattheparticipantscouldpurposefullyanddramaticallyreducetheireverydaylies,andthatinturnwasassociatedwithsignificantlyimprovedhealth，”saidKelly.Whenparticipantsinthenoliegrouptoldthreefewerwhiteliesthantheydidinotherweeks,theyexperienced,onaverage,fewermentalhealthcomplaintsandphysicalcomplaints.Theywerelesslikelytofeeltenseorsadandalsoexperiencedfewersorethroatsandheadaches.Theyalsoreportedthatpersonalrelationshipsimproved.Additionally,participantsfoundthemselveshonestabouttheirdailyaccomplishments,andtheystoppedmakingupexcusesforbeinglateorfailingtocompleteatask,forexample.“It'scertainlyaworthygoaltohavepeoplebemorehonestandinteractwithothersinamorehonestway，”sayspsychologistRobertFeldman.“Thatwouldbebeneficial,I'malittledoubtfulwhetheritmakesusallhealthier,butitmaymakeushealthierinapsychologicalway.”文章大意：本文是一篇科研報告。爭辯了撒謊和健康之間的關(guān)系。12．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A．Peoplewhotellliesarehealthierthanthosewhodon't.B．Beinghonestcanhelpcuresorethroatsandheadaches.C．Notalltheparticipantswererequiredtotellthetruth.D．Participantsinvolvedareaskednottokeepsecrets.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一句“Theothergroupwasn'tgivenanyspecialinstructionsaboutlying.”可知，有一組的試驗對象沒有被要求講實情，故答案C符合文義。13．Theparticipantsofthetwogroups________.A．toldasmanyliesasbeforeB．werealmostequallyhealthyC．tendedtolielessabouttheiractivitiesD．experiencedtenserpersonalrelationships答案：C細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的第一句“Itturnsoutthatbothgroupsreducedtheirlying...”可知，答案C符合文義。14．FromRobertFeldman,wecanlearnthat________.A．whiteliesmightmakepeoplehavemorecomplaintsB．honestyislikelytohelppeoplebecomementallyhealthierC．peopleshouldnotbehonestwithothersbutwiththemselvesD．tellingthetruthcanmakepeoplephysicallyandmentallyhealthy答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一句“...butitmaymakeushealthierinapsychologicalway”可推知，答案B“懇切會讓人們在精神上更健康”符合文義。15．Thetextismainlyabout________.A．theconnectionofhonestyandhealthB．researchonphysicalandmentalhealthC．a(chǎn)dviceaboutbeinganhonestpersonD．effectsofhonestyonpersonalrelationships答案：A主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一句“Tellingfewerliesbenefitspeoplephysicallyandmentally.”的開篇點題可知，本文主要講的是懇切和健康之間的關(guān)系，故答案A符合文義。【湖南省懷化市2022高考英語一模試題】書面表達(25marks)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假設(shè)你的筆友Tony因上期高三期末數(shù)學(xué)考試未及格而倍受打擊，心情低落。請你(王華)寫一封信給他，鼓舞他重拾自信，實現(xiàn)幻想。留意： 1、詞數(shù)不少于120個； 2、不能使用真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱?！猣oryoubecauseitcangiveyousometimetoberefreshedinbothbodyandmindsothatwecangoonwithour【江西省上饒市2022高考英語二模試題】書面表達（滿分25分） 請你以一則公益廣告——Don，tletthekeyboardseparateyouandyourlovedones為題寫一篇發(fā)言稿，談?wù)劸W(wǎng)絡(luò)給我們帶來的好處，并呼吁人們放下手中的鼠標與家人多多溝通，享受與家人在一起的奇怪時間。 參考詞匯：網(wǎng)民—netizen 留意：1．詞數(shù)：120左右；2．題目與開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)3．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；4．短文中不能毀滅與本人相關(guān)的信息。Don9tletthekeyboardseparateyouandyourlovedones Hello,everyone!