2022天津南開區(qū)高考英語完形填空和閱理選練及參考答案8

閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。“Experiencemaypossiblybethebestteacher,butitisnotaparticularlygoodteacher.”YoumightthinkthatWinstonChurchillorperhapsMarkTwainspokethosewords,buttheyactuallycomefromJamesMarch,aprofessoratStanfordHebeginsbyremindingusofjusthowfirmlywehavebeenstickingtotheideaofexperientiallearning:“Experienceisrespected;experienceissought;experienceisexplained.”Theproblemisthatlearningfromexperienceinvolves(涉及)seriouscomplications(簡潔化),onesthatarepartofthenatureofexperienceitselfandwhichMarchdiscussesinthebodyofthisbook.Inoneinterestingpartofthebook,forexample,heturnsadoubtfuleyetowardtheuseofstoriesasthemosteffectivewayofexperientiallearning.Inoureffortstomakestoriesinteresting,heargues,welosepartofthecomplicatedtruthofthings.Hesays“Themoreaccurately(精確地)realityispresented,thelessunderstandablethestory,andthemoreunderstandablethestory,thelessrealisticitis.”Besidesbeingabroadlyknowledgeableresearcher,Marchisalsoapoet,andhisgiftshinesthroughinthedepthofviewsheoffersandthesimplelanguageheuses.Thoughthebookisshort,itisdemanding:Don’tpickituplookingforquick,easylessons.Rather,bereadytothinkdeeplyaboutlearningfromexperienceinworkandlife.1.Accordingtothetext,JamesMarchis.A.apoetwhousesexperienceinhiswritingB.ateacherwhoteachesstorywritinginuniversityC.aresearcherwhostudiesthewayhumansthinkandactD.aprofessorwhohelpsorganizationsmakeimportantdecisions2.AccordingtoJamesMarch,experience.A.isovervaluedB.iseasytoexplainC.shouldbeactivelysoughtD.shouldbehighlyrespected3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Experiencemakesstoriesmoreaccurate.B.Storiesmadeinterestingfailtofullypresentthetruth.C.Theuseofstoriesisthebestwayofexperientiallearning.D.Storiesareeasiertounderstandwhenrealityismoreaccuratelydescribed.4.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Todescribearesearcher.C.Toexplainexperientiallearning.D.Todiscussorganizationaldecisionmaking.【參考答案】1-4CABA閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。(2021·合肥市二模，A)MakeADifferenceDayisthelargestnationaldayofcommunityserviceintheUSA,whichtakesplaceonthefourthSaturdayofOctober.WhotakespartinMakeADifferenceDay?Anyone!Youngandold,individualsandgroups,anyonecancarryoutavolunteerprojectthathelpsothers.Itmightbeasambitiousascollectingtruckloadsofclothingforthehomeless,oraspersonalasspendinganafternoonhelpinganelderlyneighbororrelative.USAWEEKENDcoversvolunteersandtheirprojectsinarticlesandphotos.HowdoIgetstarted?Lookaroundyourcommunity.Arepeoplehungry,homelessorill?Areparksorschoolsdirtyorneglected?Nomatterwhereyoulive,there'saneednearby.AndonMakeADifferenceDay,millionsofAmericansareexpectedtorolluptheirsleevestohelpothers.Youcanactaloneorenlistyourfriends,familyandcoworkers.YoucanalsocalltheMakeADifferenceDayHotLine,1－800－416－3824,forinformation.Orusetheideasonthiswebsiteforinspiration.WhatdoIdoafterI'veselectedaproject?Tellotherswhatyou'redoingandenlisthelp.Severalweeksbeforetheday,tellusaboutyourplansintheMakeADifferenceDAYtaBANK,anationallistingoflocalprojectsthatwillbeviewedbyinterestedvolunteers,otherpeoplelookingforgoodprojectideasandnewsmedialookingforgoodstoriestotell.ItwillonlytakeafewminutestopostyourplansintheDAYtaBANKhostedbyHandsOnNetwork.Doit!CarryoutyourplanstohelpothersonMakeADifferenceDay.BesuretotakelotsofpicturesandsharethemontheMakeADifferenceDayPhotoAlbum.文章大意：本文是一篇應用文。介紹了美國最大的社區(qū)活動MakeADifferenceDay。期望大家樂觀參與這一活動，掛念他人。1．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Amagazine. B．Awebsite.C．Anewspaper. D．Afestivalbrochure.答案：B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)HowdoIgetstarted部分其次段的最終一句“Orusetheideasonthiswebsiteforinspiration.”可知，答案B符合文義。2．MakeADifferenceDay________.A．iscelebratedeveryyearallovertheworldB．isaserviceprovidedbythecommunityC．isacelebrationofhelpfulneighborsD．isanationaldayofdoinggoodinAmerica答案：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段第一句“MakeADifferenceDayisthelargestnationaldayofcommunityserviceintheUSA”和WhotakespartinMakeADifferenceDay部分第一句中“anyonecancarryoutavolunteerprojectthathelpsothers”可知，答案D符合文義。3．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatvolunteers________.A．a(chǎn)rechosencarefullybyUSAWEEKENDB．needtodressuponMakeADifferenceDayC．cangetgoodprojectideasfromHandsOnNetworkD．takepicturestosendthemtonewsmediaformoney答案：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)WhatdoIdoafterI'veselectedaproject部分其次句中“otherpeoplelookingforgoodprojectideasandnewsmedialookingforgoodstoriestotell.”和最終一句“ItwillonlytakeafewminutestopostyourplansintheDAYtaBANKhostedbyHandsOnNewwork.”可推知，答案C符合文義。4．Themainpurposeofthetextisto________.A．introducetheoriginofMakeADifferenceDayB．instructpeoplehowtoselectaproperprojectideaC．promoteMakeADifferenceDaytoothercountriesD．encourageindividualstojoininMakeADifferenceDay答案：D寫作意圖題。依據(jù)對文章的最終一部分Doit和全文的整體理解可知，本文主要的目的是鼓舞大家樂觀參與MakeADifferenceDay這一活動，故答案D符合文義。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。(2021·合肥市二模，B)Walkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.Moreandmorelocalsmallfarmsarepopping_upinoppositiontofactoryfarms.Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimagethatcomestomindwhilehappilysingingalongto“OldMcDonald”.Instead,mostofthenation'sfoodcomesfromCAFOs,ConfinedAnimalFeedingOperations,whereanimalsarekeptintightlyenclosedconditionsastheyarefattenedupandreadiedtobekilledforfood.Fortunately,knowingexactlywhereone'sfoodcomesfromhasledtoanincreaseintheavailabilityofwhatisknownas“grassfed”beef.Technically,allcattlearegrassfedforatleastalimitedamountoftime,butwhatmakesthemeatsignificantisthatitisgrassfinished,notforcefedcorn,soyorgrains.Thischangeindietmakesallthedifferencesincecornisnotpartofthecow'straditionaldiet,andthereforecausesmajorhealthissuesforit.Todealwiththehealthissues,antibiotics(抗生素)areusedandsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans,sotheycandecreasetheeffectivenessofmedicinewhenaconsumerissick.Ahealthierdietforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcalories.Andwhencookinggrassfedbeef,you'dbetteruseaslightlylowertemperaturetomakeitmoredelicious.文章大意：本文是一篇談論文。為了應對機械化農(nóng)業(yè)的弊端，越來越多的小農(nóng)業(yè)開頭興盛起來了，它們生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)畜牧產(chǎn)品不僅豐富了人們的一日三餐，同時也更綠色、更健康。5．Theunderlinedwords“poppingup”(inthe1stparagraph)probablymeans________.A．improving B．fadingC．profiting D．a(chǎn)ppearing答案：D詞義猜想題。依據(jù)文章第一句中“andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailable”可知，現(xiàn)在有更多的當?shù)匦∞r(nóng)場喂養(yǎng)的動物可滿足人們對蛋白質(zhì)的需求，即當?shù)貧缌嗽絹碓蕉嘈∞r(nóng)場，由此可知，appear與popup意思最為接近，故答案D符合文義。6．Thesong“OldMcDonald”describes________.A．a(chǎn)nimalsraisedfreelyonlocalfarmsB．a(chǎn)nimalskeptintightlyenclosedconditionsC．commercialfarmsprovidingfastfoodD．commercialfarmsprovidingunpopularfoods答案：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段第一句“Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimage...”的提示和下文對商業(yè)農(nóng)場喂養(yǎng)動物的方法的描述可知，thesong“OldMcDonald”所描述的喂養(yǎng)方式正好和商業(yè)農(nóng)場相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文義。7．Somemedicinesarelesseffectiveforbeefconsumersprobablybecause________.A．somecattlefeedongrainsB．a(chǎn)llcattledietongrassC．somemedicinesareusedtotreatsickcattleD．someantibioticsareusedbybothcattleandpeople答案：D細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段最終一句中“andsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans...”可推知，答案D符合文義。8．Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A．foodfromlocalfarmscanhelpaddtothevarietyinourdailymealsB．soyorgrainsareonthelistoftraditionaldietsofthecattleC．cornforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcaloriesD．lowertemperaturemakesgrassfedbeefmoredelicious答案：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Walkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocallyfarmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsonwhichtheyoriginated.”可推知，選項A“當?shù)匦∞r(nóng)場的食物可以豐富我們的一日三餐”符合文義。B、C兩項與原文不符；D項不是經(jīng)過推理得出的，不符合題意，故排解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。(2021·西安市標準化考練，C)OnavisittoJapan,WangariMaathailearnedthestoryofthehummingbird(蜂鳥)andtheforestfire.Whiletheotheranimalsruninfear,thehummingbirdfliesabovethefiretimeandagain,leavingafewdropsofwaterfromitsbeak.“Whydoyoubother？”theotheranimalsshoutatthehummingbird.“I'mdoingthebestthatIcan，”thehummingbirdreplies.“It'ssuchabeautifulstory，”Ms.Maathaisays,thinkingoftheworld'senvironmentalproblems.“There'salwayssomethingwecandowithourlittlebeaklikethelittlehummingbird.”In2004MaathaiwashonoredwithaNobelPeacePrizeforherworkfoundingtheGreenBeltMovement(GBM),whichhiresvillagers,especiallywomen,toimprovetheenvironment.Sincethen,she'srealizedthatpeople'svaluesarewhatinspirethem.Ifthevaluesaregoodones,goodactionswillfollow.“Ifyoudon'thavegoodvalues,you'lldevelopvices(惡劣行徑)，”saysMaathai.“Andifwegiveintothevice,wedestroyourselves.Wedestroytheenvironment.”That'sthemessageofhernewbook.In1971,Maathaireceivedadoctor'sdegreefromtheUniversityofNairobi,thelargestuniversityinKenya.She'snowbackinherhomelandbeginningworkontheWangariMaathaiInstituteforPeaceandEnvironmentalStudies(WMI)attheUniversityofNairobi.“Theywanttocallitafterme，”shesays.WMIwillpaymoreattentionto“l(fā)earningbydoing”anduseknowledgetodealwithrealproblems.“WhatAfricaneedsispeoplewhoarewillingtogettheirfingersdirtyandworkwiththepeople，”saysMaathai.Plantingtreesisonewaypeopleconnectwiththenaturalworld.Shecontinuestoinspireothers.“Thereisnolastingpeaceuntilwehavepeacewiththeearthitself，”shesays.文章大意：本文是一篇報道。疼惜環(huán)境人人有責，文章主要敘述了諾貝爾和平獎獲得者Maathai疼惜環(huán)境的一些具體活動以及她關(guān)于疼惜環(huán)境的一些看法。9．WhydoesWangariMaathaithinkhighlyofthehummingbird?A．Itcancreatewaterfromitsbeak.B．Ithelpstheotheranimalsrunaway.C．Ittriesitsbesttoputoutthefire.D．Itfindsoutawaytosavetheforest.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“I'mdoingthebestthatIcan”和第三段“...thinkingoftheworld'senvironmentalproblems.‘There'salwayssomethingwecandowithourlittlebeaklikethelittlehummingbird.’”可知，Maathai對蜂鳥評價很高的緣由是蜂鳥會盡自己的全力去撲滅大火。故C項正確。10．ThosewhoworkforGBMaremainly________.A．environmentalexpertsB．womenvillagersC．peoplewhohadgoodvaluesD．peoplewholovebirds答案：B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“...whichhiresvillagers,especiallywomen,toimprovetheenvironment.”可知，B項正確。11．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutWangariMaathai?A．SheisfromJapan.B．ShereceivedaNobelPrize.C．Sheisauniversityteacher.D．Shehasalwaysraisedthehummingbird.答案：B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句中“In2004MaathaiwashonoredwithaNobelPeacePrizeforherworkfoundingtheGreenBeltMovement(GBM)”可知，B項正確。12．AccordingtoWangariMaathai,________.A．goodactionsleadtogoodvaluesB．people'svaluesinfluencetheiractionsC．everybodyhasapossibilitytodevelopvicesD．peoplewhohavebadvaluesmayhavegoodactions答案：B細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句和第五段內(nèi)容可知，Maathai認為，假如你沒有好的價值觀，就會有不良行為；假如我們屈從于錯誤的價值觀的話，就會損害自己，破壞環(huán)境。故B項正確?！?022高考英語江西省紅色六校其次次聯(lián)考】完形填空。閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。Alittlepartofmethoughtaboutgoingtoanothercheckoutline．Thisonehadtheshortest36，therewasonlyoneguyinit，buthewasina37andthereseemedtobesomedifficulties38．Westeppedinbehindhim．Atfirst,he39tobehavingdifficultygettinghisgroceriesontothecounter．Butafterawhile，Irealizedthatwhathewasactuallydoingwas40itintotwoparts．Iofferedtohelp，butheandthecheckoutladyhaditunder41．HeaskedJulieifshewouldmindputtinghis42basketaway．Thenhe43forhiswalletwhichwasinabagononesideofhischair．The44hewaspositionedandthefactheonlyhadoneusablearm45thistroublesomeforhim，soIhelpedthere．Thecheckoutoperatorcamearoundandgavehimhis46andthegoodsheneededtohavetohand．She47onebagofgroceriesoverahandleatthebackofhischair．Iofferedtogettheotherbi