黑龍江省牡丹江市重點(diǎn)高級(jí)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試 英語(yǔ)

黑龍江省牡丹江市重點(diǎn)高級(jí)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五總分評(píng)分一、閱讀理解(共20小題，每小題2.5分，滿分50分)閱讀理解Asiaisthebirthplaceoftheworld'sthreeancientcivilizations:ancientChina,ancientIndiaandBabylon.Eachgavetheworlddifferentarchitecturalstylesandgloballandmarks,suchastheGreatWallofChina.TajMahalofIndia.WiththeconclusionoftheConferenceonDialogueofAsianCivilization,let'stakealookatthearchitectureofAsiancivilizations.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisanancientdefenseprojectwiththelongestconstructiontimeandthelargestworkloadputintoalandmark,stretchingouttoatotallengthofmorethan5,000kilometers.OnlywhenyouhavebeentotheGreatWallandwitnesseditsmajestycanyoutrulysayyouhavevisitedChina.AngkorWat,CambodiaTheAngkorWatinCambodiaisoneofthelargestreligiousmonumentsintheworld,builtonasitemeasuring162.6hectares.ItwasbuiltbytheKhmerKingSuryavarmanⅡintheearly12thcenturyinYasodharapura(present-dayAngkor),thecapitaloftheKhmerEmpire,ashisstatetempleandeventualmausoleum(陵墓).TajMahal,IndiaTheTajMahalisanivory-whitemarblemausoleumonthesouthbankoftheriverYamunaintheIndiancityofAgra.Itwascommissionedin1632byMughalemperorShahtohousethetombofhisfavoritewife,MumtazMahal.TheTajMahalwasdesignatedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein1983forbeing"thejewelofMuslimartinIndiaandoneoftheuniversallyadmiredmasterpiecesoftheworld'sheritage"Al-Khazneh,JordanAl-Khazneh,alsoknownastheTreasury,isoneofthemostdelicatetemplesintheancientArabNabataeanKingdomcityofPetra,Jordan.The45-meter-highand30-meter-widebuildingisamagnificentbuildingwithapronouncedGreekstyle.Itissaidtohavebeenaplacewherepirateshidtheirtreasure.1．WhatisspecialabouttheGreatWallcomparedwiththeothersinthearticle?A．Itisthelongestman-madeprojectintheworld.B．ItwaslistedintheUNESCOworldHeritageSite.C．ItwasusedasadefenseprojectintheancientChina.D．Itusedtobeusedasareligious/purposeinChina2．Whichofthefollowingisoneofthelargestreligiousmonuments?A．TheAngkorWat. B．TheTajMahal.C．AI-Khazneh. D．TheTreasury3．WhichofthelandmarkshasbeenaffectedbytheGreekculture?A．TheGreatWall. B．TheAngkorWat.C．TheTajMahal. D．AI-Khazneh.閱讀理解I'vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnuttree.It'sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(頭骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesthatIbroughthomewithhopesthatmaybetheblackwalnutwouldacceptthem,buttheyfailedtoflourish.Whatdoesworkarenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Nativeplantsareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(傳粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsandcontributetoahealthyandbiodiverseenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyard?Yes,however,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.It'salsoprotectedunderthelaw.Rightfullyso.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican'timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.I'dmissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleaves.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseasonholds:Whatarethechancesofbeingknockedunconsciouswhilebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.4．Whydoestheauthorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden?A．Toprotecttheinjuredskull.B．Toavoidbeinghitbythenuts.C．Topreventherselffromsunburn.D．Toprotectherselffromgettingcaughtintherain.5．Whatisthetree'ssurvivalstrategy?A．Itacceptsnewplantvarieties.B．Itattractsbeneficialpollinators.C．Itletsoutapoisontodriveawaypests.D．Itproducesachemicalfataltosomeplants.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thefruitsmaybringinconvenience.B．Thewriterfindsitchallengingtogetridofthetree.C．Thewriterisaccustomedtolivingwithoutthetree.D．Thetreeishometonumerousbirdsandothercreatures.7．TheauthormostprobablygotareminderfromthetreethatA．It'sbettertobesurethansorry.B．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.C．Treesandplantshavetheirownwaystoflourish.D．Acceptanceinsteadofresistanceisthebetterwaytobe.閱讀理解Jason,astraight-AstudentfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,usestheterm"pseudo-working"todescribehowmanyofusstudy.Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkingbard-heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight–but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn'tactuallyachievemuch.Thisphenomenoncambeseeninmostcolleges.Forexample,atDartmouththerewasasectionofthemainlibrarythatwasopentwenty-fourhoursadayandthestudentsIusedtoseeintherelateatnightcrowdedingroups,drinkingcoffee,weredefinitelypseudo-working.TheroommatewholooksthroughherchemistrynotesonthecouchwhilewatchingTVispseudo-working.Theguywhobringsthreemeals,ablanket.andsix-packofRedBulltothestudyzoneinpreparationforanall-daypaper-writingmarathonisalsopseudo-working.Byplacingthemselvesindistractingenvironmentsandinsistingonworkinglonghours,thesestudentsaredamagingtheirbrain'sabilitytothinkclearlyandefficientlytoachievethetaskathand.Intheendtheygethalftheresultswithtwicetheeffort.Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon'tevenrealizethatthey'repseudo-working.Tothempseudo-workingiswork-it'showthey'vealwaysdoneit,andit'showalloftheirfriendsdoit.Iinevercrossestheirmindthattheremightbeabetterway.Straight-Astudents.ontheotherhand,knowallaboutpseudo-working.Theyfearit,andforgoodreasonItnotonlywastestime,butit'salsomentallytiring.Infact,themostimportantskillinbecomingabetterstudentistheabilitytogetworkdonequicklyandwithasmallestamountofwastedeffort.Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit.Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirwaytosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula(公式):workachieved=timespent*intensityoffocus.Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working.Youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproach,ontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime.8．Whichofthefollowingphenomenonispseudo-working?A．Tomisbusytakingnoteswhileattendingalecture.B．Mikeissittingatastudyloungeinpreparationforafinalexamquietly.C．Jackspendsalongtimeinthelibraryonhisessaywhilelisteningtomusic.D．AliceandSaraaresittingonthecouthreadingtheirfavoritebooks.9．Comparedwithstraight-Astudents,themajorproblemofmoststudentsisthatthey_____A．wanttospendmoretimeonstudy.B．a(chǎn)reeagertofollowtheirfriends'way.C．havegottenusedtotheirstudyapproach.D．a(chǎn)reunawareoftheirpseudo-working.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"optimal"meaninparagraph5?A．Possible. B．Best. C．Least. D．Accurate.11．Whydoestheauthormentiontheformulainthetext?A．Toshowthebenefitofworkinghard.B．Toprovethenecessityofachievingwork.C．Toemphasizetheimportanceofconcentration.D．Toexplainthereasonforspendingmuchtime.閱讀理解________"Practicemakesperfect"isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally?Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Sodoesenoughpracticeliterallyleadtoperfection,oratleasttoalevelofexpertise?Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpractisesforatleast10,000hours,theywillreach"perfection"—or,inotherwords,becomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008best-sellingbook,Outliers:TheStoryofSuccess.Heclaimed10,000hoursofpracticetobe"themagicnumberofgreatness".HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.However,Gladwell'sbookhasbeensaidbymanytobetoosimplisticandgeneralising.Gladwell'sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10,000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeople,forexample,neededfarfewerthan10,000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof"deliberatepractice",whichiswhenapersonpractisesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpractisingaskillasawhole.Deliberatepracticeissaidtobemuchmoreeffective,albeitmoretiring.Despitethetheoriesmentionedabove,manyotherstudiesarguethatpracticealoneisfarfromenough.Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Sowhataretheotherfactorsthatcontributetopeoplebecomingexperts?Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.Forinstance,manybaseballplayersinAmericahaveamazingvisionthatallowsthemtoseetheballmuchsoonerthanothersdo.Sonomatterhowmucha"normal"personpractises,itisveryhardforthemtobeasgoodassomeonewhohasnaturaltalentorphysicalsuperiorityandwhoalsopractises.Andhowaboutotherfactorsthatgointocreatinganexpert?ManysayIQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisivefactors,too.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatbecominganexpertdoesn'tequalinstantsuccess.Successalsoreliesonsocialfactors,environmentalfactors,andevenjustbeingintherightplaceattherighttime!Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson'sresearch,herearesometipsonhowtopractiseeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals;workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent;askforothers'opinions;and,ofcourse,getplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey—enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.12．WhatexamplesdidGladwelluseforhisclaim?A．Manyscientificstudies.B．Hisownlearningexperience.C．ManybaseballplayersinAmerica.D．AmusicgroupandtheMicrosoftco-creator.13．WhydidEricssondisagreewithGladwell?A．Becausehedidascientificstudies.B．Becausehefounddeliberatepracticelesseffective.C．Becauseheagreedwiththeinfluenceofthenaturaltalent.D．Becausehethoughtthetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential.14．WhatdidarecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversityshow?A．Practiceonlyaccountedforasmallshareinreachinganexpertlevel.B．Attitudeandstartingagearedecisivefactorstobecomeanexpert.C．Twenty-sixpercentofthetestedsubjectscangainsuccess.D．Itisveryhardfora"normal"persontobeanaturaltalent.15．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthistext?A．AnewscientificdiscoveryB．Doespracticereallymakeprefect?C．AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofmakingpracticeD．Themoreyoupractice,themoresuccessyouwillreceive.二、任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)任務(wù)型閱讀Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithcompletepeaceofmind.16．Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourcomputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforcompanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.17．Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword.Thisensuresyourdataremainssecureandinaccessibletoanyoneelse.Shouldyouchoose,youcanputcertainpermissionsinplace,whichmakesiteasytoshareyourdatawithyourcolleaguesoryourfamily.Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.18．Youcanstoreanythingdigital:allyourfiles,videosandpictures.Whetheryouwanttousethisstoragesolutiontostoreyourfamilyphotographsoryouwanttouseittostoreyourworkdocumentation,youwillfinditquiteconvenient.Isitbetterthanyourcomputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.Computerscrashallthetime.Thisisthemostcommoncauseoflostworkandmemories.19．Hereyoualsohavetheaddedriskofmisplacingitorhavingitstolen.Therearesomanyadvantagestocloudcomputing,fromtheabilitytoaccessyourdatafromwherever,whenever,tonotneedingexpensiveexternalstoragedevices.20．A.Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.B.Youwillfindcloudstorageverycheap.C.Externalharddrivescanstillbreak,orfail.D.Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.E.Cloudstorageprovidersoffermultiplelayersofdatasecurity.F.Theonlydisadvantage,however,isthatyouneedinternettoaccessfiles.G.Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.三、完形填空(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)完形填空My14-year-oldson,John,andIspottedthecoatatthesametimeatasecond-handclothingstore.Ithadablackvelvet(絲絨)collar,delightfultailoring,aFifthAvenuelabelanda(an)21．priceofmerely$28.Welookedateachother,sayingnothing,butJohn'seyes22．.Dark,woolentopcoatswerepopularjustthenwithteenagers,butcouldcostseveralhundreddollarsnow.Johnputthecoatonand23．it.Heturnedfromsidetoside,24．himselfinthemirrorwithaserious,studied25．thatsoonchangedintoasmile.It'saperfect26．.Johnworethecoattoschoolthenextdayandcamehomewearingabigsmile."Howdidthekidslikeyourcoat?"Iasked."Theyloveit."Hesaid,carefully27．itonthechairandsmoothingitflat.Overthenextfewweeks,the28．cameoverJohn.Quiet,reasoneddiscussion29．a(chǎn)rgument.Hebecamemorethoughtfulandeagerto30．."Gooddinner,Mum,"hewouldsayeveryevening.OnedaywhenI31．thathestartonhomeworkbeforedinner,Johnsaid,"Youareright,andIguessIwill."WhenIaskedoneofhisteachers32．causedthechanges,shesaidwithlaughter,"Itmustbehiscoat!"JohnandIbothknowweshouldnever33．a(chǎn)person'sclothesfortherealpersonwithinthem.Butitismeaningfulto34．a(chǎn)standardofexcellencefortheworldtosee,topracticeastandardofexcellenceinthought,speechandbehavior,andto35．whatisontheinsidewithwhatisontheoutside.21．A．special B．reasonable C．unbelievable D．cheap22．A．closed B．shone C．opened D．lowered23．A．buttoned B．touched C．held D．obtained24．A．feeling B．looking C．glancing D．eyeing25．A．gesture B．expression C．a(chǎn)ttitude D．feeling26．A．colour B．price C．fit D．fashion27．A．pressing B．taking C．throwing D．folding28．A．happiness B．satisfaction C．change D．generosity29．A．made B．replaced C．took D．transformed30．A．please B．complain C．a(chǎn)dmire D．a(chǎn)pologize31．A．insisted B．suggested C．a(chǎn)sked D．commanded32．A．what B．when C．that D．how33．A．watch B．judge C．mistake D．consider34．A．do B．wear C．speak D．show35．A．compare B．fill C．mix D．match四、語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Israelisinger-songwriterGiladSegevhasdevotedhimself36．a(chǎn)nambitiousprojecttopresentdifferentviewsofChinathroughmusic,becauseofhisloveforthecountry.InJune2020,helaunchedProject34,through37．hewillreleaseasongforeachofthe34provincial-levelregionsinChinaeverymonth.38．(combine)Chinesemusicandglobalfolkmusic,he39．(post)17videossofaronsocialmediaplatforms,gainingmillionsofviews."My40．(inspire)fortheprojectwasthegreatbeautyIdiscoveredinChina'sculture,landscapes,andmore.41．(important),theheartsofChinesepeople."saysSegev.Hecalls42．(he)a"passer-by"—atravelingartistwhotellsstoriesfromhisencounterswithpeoplefromvariouscultures,throughmusic.Overthepastdecade,theaward-winningmusicianhastravelledtomostofthe34provincial-levelregions,andplanstogoto43．restwhentravelisnotrestrictedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.Foreachmusicvideo,hecooperatesactivelywithaChinesesingerormusician,toincludecharacteristicsfromtheirownhomeregion.HeandhisteamhavelistenedtovarioustypesofChinesemusic44．(figure)outwhatsuitableelementscanbeusedinhisworks."Ibelievewhenallofourvoices45．(hear)together,trueharmonycanhappen,"Segevsays.五、書面表達(dá)(滿分40分)46．假定你是高中生李華，正在倫敦做交換生。大英博物館(theBritishMuseum)正在招聘兼職導(dǎo)游。請(qǐng)你給招聘負(fù)責(zé)人史密斯先生寫一封信，申請(qǐng)這一職位。內(nèi)容如下：1）自我介紹;2）想做兼職導(dǎo)游的原因;3）應(yīng)聘兼職導(dǎo)游的自身優(yōu)勢(shì)。注意：1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMr.Smith,……Yourssincerely,LiHua47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ASon'sLoveOurchurchcongregationinTorontohasawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficultieswithoutmakingtherecipientfeelshameorguilt.Moneyisdroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythenameoftherecipientontheenvelope.Theenvelopesarethendistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthenameofthegiver.TherecameatimewhenmyhusbandandIwereamongthoseinneed.Wedidnottalkaboutourfinancialdifficultywithanyone.Theonlyreasonourchildrenknewwasbecausewehadtocutbackonmanythings.Still,wehopedtheywerenotawareoftheextentofourneed,norofhowmuchtheirfatherandIweresufferingbecauseofit.Wedidnotwanttoburdenthemwithaproblemtheycoulddonothingtosolve.Oursituationwasn'timproving,andmyhusbandandIknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointofdespair,ourchurchgaveusagiftenvelopethathadbeenleftintheofferingbox.Wewereoverjoyedtoreceiveaverysubstantialamountofmoney,enoughtobringusthroughthatdesperatetime.Wecouldn'thelpbutwonderwhohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereextremelyrelievedandenormouslygrateful.Ayearlater,ourseventeen-year-oldsonwasapplyingforastudentloansohecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenwediscoveredthathissavingsaccountwasalmostempty.HisfatherandIwereverydisturbedbythis.Wehadtrustedhimtoputpartofhiswagesfromhispart-timejobintothebanktowardshiseducation.FromthetimehewasnineyearsoldhehadbeenapapercarrierforTheTorontoStar,andhehadworkedveryhardforhissmallearnings.注意：1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2）請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Anxious,Iaskedhimrepeatedlytotellmewherethemoneyhadgone.……Finally,intears,andwithgreatreluctance,mysontoldusthetruth.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四處亞洲文明的建筑。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheGreatWallofChina部分中的"TheGreatWallofChinaisanancientdefenseprojectwiththelongestconstructiontime”中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城是古代建造時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的防御工程。可知，中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城是在古代是一項(xiàng)防御工程。故選C。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)AngkorWat,Cambodia部分中的"TheAngkorWatinCambodiaisoneofthelargestreligiousmonumentsintheworld,builtonasitemeasuring162.6hectares.”柬埔寨的吳哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遺跡之一，占地162.6公頃?？芍瑓歉缈呤鞘澜缟献畲蟮淖诮踢z跡之一。故選A。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Al-Khazneh,Jordan部分中的"The45-meter-highand30-meter-widebuildingisamagnificentbuildingwithapronouncedGreekstyle.”這座建筑高45米，寬30米，是一座具有明顯希臘風(fēng)格的宏偉建筑?？芍?，卡茲尼神殿受到希臘風(fēng)格建筑的影響。故選D。【答案】4．B5．D6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者在與一棵黑核桃樹(shù)愛(ài)恨交的18年中，終于找到了與之相處的方式——接受而不是反抗。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(頭骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.”在9月底或10月初，像棒球一樣堅(jiān)硬的水果會(huì)掉落，威脅到你、你的孩子、你的鄰居和住在他們隔壁的人的頭骨。在八月初吃飯的時(shí)候，院子里的傘是必須的，至于我，在花園里工作的時(shí)候，我戴著自行車頭盔。可知，作者在花園里工作時(shí)戴上自行車頭盔，是為了避免被堅(jiān)果擊中。故選B。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.”黑核桃還通過(guò)根部釋放一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這是一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)策略。它對(duì)幾種常見(jiàn)植物有毒?？芍?，黑核桃樹(shù)通過(guò)釋放致命化學(xué)物質(zhì)毒死其他常見(jiàn)植物來(lái)生存。故選D。6．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Ican'timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.”我無(wú)法想象沒(méi)有鳥(niǎo)兒的春天，它們每年都飛來(lái)，在黎明前高聲歌唱；以及最后一段中的"Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.”作為回報(bào)，我的核桃為野生動(dòng)物提供了棲息地和提醒?？芍?，這顆黑核桃樹(shù)是許多鳥(niǎo)類和其他生物的棲息地。故選D。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.”就像任何好的關(guān)系一樣，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)滿意。我被這棵樹(shù)困住了，所以我會(huì)傾聽(tīng)它的需求，給它所需的空間。可知，作者在黑核桃樹(shù)帶來(lái)的痛苦和快樂(lè)中找到了與之相處的方式——傾聽(tīng)需求，給予空間。故選D?！敬鸢浮?．B9．D10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了"偽學(xué)習(xí)"的一些表現(xiàn)和危害，并建議大家提高專注度，提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkingbard-heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight-but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn'tactuallyachievemuch."偽學(xué)習(xí)者看起來(lái)和感覺(jué)上都像吟游詩(shī)人——他或她花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在圖書館里，而且不怕工作到深夜——但是，由于缺乏專注力，他或她實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有取得多大成就?？芍瑐螌W(xué)習(xí)指的是看上去好像花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，但并沒(méi)有真正把注意力集中在學(xué)習(xí)上。故選C。9．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon'tevenrealizethatthey'repseudo-working."更大的問(wèn)題是，大多數(shù)學(xué)生甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們是在偽學(xué)習(xí)?？芍啾热獳的學(xué)生，大多數(shù)學(xué)生都不知道自己在偽學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。10．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的"Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit."一些認(rèn)知科學(xué)研究得出結(jié)論，大約50分鐘是最佳的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，以最大限度地利用每一時(shí)間單位的材料。其中的maximize"最大化"可知，對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)，提高效率非常重要，為了效率的最大化，50分鐘的時(shí)間應(yīng)該是"最適合的"或者"最佳的"。劃線詞optimal是"最佳的"之意。故選B。11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirwaytosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula:workachieved=timespent*intensityoffocus."那么這些學(xué)生是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的呢？要了解他們的成功之道，可以考慮下面這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的公式：完成的工作量等于花費(fèi)的時(shí)間乘以專注的強(qiáng)度；以及最后一段"Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working.youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproach.ontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime."偽學(xué)習(xí)的特點(diǎn)是聚焦強(qiáng)度很低。因此，通過(guò)偽學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)達(dá)到目的，你需要花很多時(shí)間。而全A學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方法是增加聚焦強(qiáng)度以減少時(shí)間?？芍髡卟⒉恢С?偽學(xué)習(xí)"，作者更加支持通過(guò)減少時(shí)間增加專注度的方法，故推測(cè)作者列出公式是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)"專注強(qiáng)度"的重要性。故選C?！敬鸢浮?2．D13．D14．A15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論證了練習(xí)可能無(wú)法至完美，但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來(lái)明顯的提高。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段"HegavetheexamplesofthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco-creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10,000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful."他舉了披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾·蓋茨的例子。盡管他們似乎都很有天賦，但他們顯然也在成功之前花了1萬(wàn)多小時(shí)的練習(xí)，可知，Gladwell以樂(lè)隊(duì)和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人為例子論證他的1萬(wàn)小時(shí)理論。故選D。13．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Ericssonsaidthatjustpractisingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewasalsoessential."Ericsson表示，僅僅大量練習(xí)是不夠的；練習(xí)的類型和質(zhì)量也至關(guān)重要。可知，Gladwell認(rèn)為練習(xí)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)重要，但Ericssion認(rèn)為練習(xí)的類型和質(zhì)量也很重要。故選D。14．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Infact,amorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel."事實(shí)上，普林斯頓大學(xué)最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，練習(xí)只占達(dá)到專家水平因素的26%?？芍?，一個(gè)人能否在某個(gè)方面達(dá)到專家水平，練習(xí)只占很小的一部分。故選A。15．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Sodoesenoughpracticeliterallyleadtoperfection,oratleasttoalevelofexpertise?"足夠的練習(xí)真的能達(dá)到完美嗎？或者至少能達(dá)到專長(zhǎng)的水平；以及最后一段中的"Inconclusion,practicemaynotmakeperfect,butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement."練習(xí)可能無(wú)法至完美，但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來(lái)明顯的提高。可知，文章在探討練習(xí)是否能至完美。"熟真的能生巧"適合做文章的標(biāo)題，故選B。【答案】16．D；17．A；18．G；19．C；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了云存儲(chǔ)是一種靈活、方便、完全放心的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)方式。它有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但也有唯一缺點(diǎn)是你需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)訪問(wèn)文件。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Cloudstorageisaflexibleandconvenientwaytostoredatawithcompletepeaceofmind."云存儲(chǔ)是一種靈活、方便、完全放心的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)方式?？芍榻B了云存儲(chǔ)是一種存儲(chǔ)方式；以及空后"Thismeansyoucanstoreallyourdigitalthingsremotely,withouttakingupspaceonyourcomputer.Therearetwooptionsavailable:publiccloudstorageallowsyoutosharehostingspacewithotherusers;privatecloudstorageistheidealchoiceforcompanieswhowanttohavetheirdatastoredintheirownenvironment.”這意味著你可以遠(yuǎn)程存儲(chǔ)所有的數(shù)字物品，而不會(huì)占用電腦空間。有兩種選擇:公共云存儲(chǔ)允許您與其他用戶共享托管空間;私有云存儲(chǔ)是希望將數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在自己環(huán)境中的公司的理想選擇?？芍琓hismeans是指前面云儲(chǔ)存的將數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在托管服務(wù)器上的方式。D.Itenablesyoutostoreyourdataonhostedservers.“它使您能夠?qū)?shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在托管服務(wù)器上?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。it指代前面的cloudstorage，故選D。17．根據(jù)空后"Onceyouhaveregisteredandsetupyouraccount,yousimplysaveyourfilesviatheinternetusingyourusernameandpassword."一旦你注冊(cè)并設(shè)置了你的賬戶，你只需使用你的用戶名和密碼通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)保存你的文件?？芍@里解釋了云存儲(chǔ)操作簡(jiǎn)單。A.Cloudstorageisverysimpletouse.“云存儲(chǔ)使用起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選A。18．根據(jù)空前"Whenyousignuptocloudstorage,youcanchoosetheamountofspaceyouneed.”當(dāng)您注冊(cè)云存儲(chǔ)時(shí)，您可以選擇所需的空間量。可知，用戶可以在云存儲(chǔ)選擇空間量的大小。G.Youcanstartwithasmallamountandincreasethestoragesizelateron.“你可以從少量開(kāi)始，然后增加存儲(chǔ)空間?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G。19．根據(jù)空前"Isitbetterthanyourcomputeroranexternaldrive?Theanswerisadefiniteyes.Computerscrashallthetime.Thisisthemostcommoncauseoflostworkandmemories."它比你的電腦或外接硬盤好嗎?答案是肯定的。電腦總是死機(jī)。這是丟失工作和記憶最常見(jiàn)的原因?？芍拼鎯?chǔ)比電腦和外接硬盤好，先指出電腦缺點(diǎn)，后面要說(shuō)外部硬盤的缺點(diǎn)。C.Externalharddr