04-2023高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)新課標(biāo)I卷真題長難句精析一點(diǎn)通

專題04新課標(biāo)全國I卷長難句真題精析一點(diǎn)通+重點(diǎn)詞匯+變式拔高練+真題鞏固練一真題分析(2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromday

to

day,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortests

drawn

directlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass,lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.

【分析】主句是由but連接的兩個并列句Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass/lecture/discussion，but后的并列句中包含drawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotes過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾shortin-classwritingsortests，so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句?！揪湟狻空n堂活動每天都會有所不同，但學(xué)生必須準(zhǔn)備好完成簡短的課堂寫作或測試，這些測試直接來自于指定的閱讀材料或上節(jié)課/討論的筆記，所以在課堂上認(rèn)真做筆記是很重要的。【詞匯】assignv.指派任務(wù)；給予previousadj.之前的；早先的adv.previously（高考復(fù)現(xiàn)2021浙江卷)Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.盡管之前的研究表明，猿類和猴子可以從其他動物的叫聲中理解復(fù)雜的信息，但這些動物似乎并沒有故意使用它們的聲音來交流信息。(2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷)AdditionallyfromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupwork

tobecompleted

inclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.【分析】本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句Iwillassigngroupwork,非謂語短語tobecompleted

inclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome充當(dāng)后置定語,Additionally為副詞作狀語,bothofwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。【句意】此外，我將不時地分配小組工作在課堂上完成或短期作業(yè)在家完成，這兩者都將被評分?！驹~匯】additionallyadv.此外adj.additional關(guān)聯(lián)詞：besides,what’smore（高考復(fù)現(xiàn)北京卷)Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.有趣的是，這種趨勢在棒球中并不明顯，在棒球中，額外的個人天賦會不斷提高球隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)。(2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷)It’sjaw--droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway--from“ugly”(butquiteenable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishes.【分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。It充當(dāng)形式主語，真正的主語是howmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。rejectedbygrocers為過去分詞短語用作后置定語，修飾名詞vegetables?！揪湟狻苛钊祟拷Y(jié)舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了----從“丑陋”（但還可以吃）的蔬菜被食品商拒絕，到大量沒吃完的菜被扔進(jìn)餐館的垃圾桶。【詞匯】drop(dropped,dropped)v.投，丟；躺倒；剔除，除名；停止，放棄；急劇下降；（使）掉落；減少，降低n.滴，少量；下降；落差；交付dropin順便走訪adropofsomething一口，一滴（高考復(fù)現(xiàn)2020新課標(biāo)I卷）GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.伽利略從比薩斜塔上扔下不同重量的物體，并計(jì)算它們的下落時間。他要實(shí)現(xiàn)的不僅是他的勃勃雄心。(2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷)

Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshows

that

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalfthe

world’s

languages.【分析】本句的主句為

Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshows

that。第一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，賓語從句的謂語為ledto，在賓語從句中有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。修飾先行詞speechsounds?！揪湟狻恳豁?xiàng)為期五年的突破性研究表明，由于飲食改變，人類咬合發(fā)生了變化，從而產(chǎn)生了一些新的語音。這些語音目前存在于世界上一半的語言中?！驹~匯】leadtov.導(dǎo)致,通往關(guān)聯(lián)詞：resultin(2022新課標(biāo)全國I卷)It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.【分析】It是形式主語，真正的主語是how引導(dǎo)的從句;破折號后的內(nèi)容是對前面內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明;rejectedbygrocers及thrownintorestaurantgarbagecans為后置定語，分別修飾vegetables和dishes。【句意】雖能食用但因“長相難看”就被雜貨店主丟棄的蔬菜，大量未食用就被扔進(jìn)餐廳垃圾桶的菜肴，這些非常不錯的食物就這樣被扔掉，簡直令人吃驚。?！驹~匯】throwaway(過去式，過去分詞threw,thrown)扔掉；摒棄；浪費(fèi)，錯過（機(jī)會）關(guān)聯(lián)詞：throwlighton闡明；照亮；使......顯得清楚；throwopen開放；突然打開withinastone’sthrow短距離；一箭之遙；就在附近throwat投向；向......投去throwinto使......（突然）陷入某一狀態(tài)；扔進(jìn)throwaparty舉行宴會；開舞會（高考復(fù)現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)II卷）ModelPaigeMorgansays,"Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork."模特佩奇·摩根說：“給人們一個沒有罪惡感的選擇，那就是他們可以穿著那些衣服，而不會被人潑油漆。我認(rèn)為這會是一件大事，至少在紐約這里?！眗ejectv.拒絕，否決；摒棄，不接受；排異，排斥（移植器官）；關(guān)聯(lián)詞：rejectionn.拒絕（高考復(fù)現(xiàn)2021浙江卷）Mostofwhichwecanrejectrightaway,peoplewhodon'thavetherightexperience,qualifications,thatkindofthing.大部分我們都可以馬上拒絕，那些沒有合適的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資格的人，諸如此類的。(2021新課標(biāo)全國I卷)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.【分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。主句theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Although是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，regardingemotionalintelligencerunfar...為介詞短語充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾名詞beliefs。What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，本句中充當(dāng)介詞of的介詞賓語，what在從句中做support的賓語?！揪湟狻勘M管關(guān)于情商的普遍觀點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了研究能夠支持的合理范圍，但大眾化的總體效果是利大于弊的?！驹~匯】beliefn.信念，信仰,相信，看法寫作高分表達(dá)：beyondbelief難以置信Hissuccesswasbeyondbeliefsincehiscompetitorwassoexperienced.他的成功令人難以置信，因?yàn)樗膶κ址浅Ｓ薪?jīng)驗(yàn)。Thereisacommon/wide/popularbeliefthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為......Thereisacommonbeliefthattechnologyhaschangedpeople’slifeinmanyaspects.人們普遍認(rèn)為科技在很多方面改變了人們的生活。regardingprep.關(guān)于，至于With/inregardtosth.關(guān)于某事；對于某事Inthis/thatregard在這方面；關(guān)于此Regardsb/sth.assb./sth.把......認(rèn)為/看做......Thesituationregardinglifeinsurancetakesonadifferentlook.有關(guān)人身保險的情況則呈現(xiàn)出不同的面貌。(2021新課標(biāo)全國I卷)Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.

【分析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。主干部分Returningtoabookcanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.分詞短語做主語：Returningtoabook定語從句：you’vereadmanytimes（省略that）,修飾先行詞book。【句意】回到一本你讀了很多遍的書，感覺就像和一個老朋友喝酒一樣。(新課標(biāo)I卷)Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.【分析】本句在“Itbe+過去分詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)；從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；3billionpassengerpigeons和anumberequal…是同位關(guān)系。此外，還有一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語“making…”作結(jié)果狀語?！揪湟狻繐?jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，當(dāng)旅鴿數(shù)量達(dá)到最多時，曾超過了30億只，這個數(shù)量相當(dāng)于美國鳥類總數(shù)的24%-40%，使旅鴿成為世界上數(shù)量最為龐大的鳥類?！驹~匯】calculatev.計(jì)算；估算；估計(jì)；預(yù)料abundantadj.大量的，豐富的，充足的Birdsareabundantinthetallvegetation.高大的植被中有著大量的鳥類。二語法填空變式拔高練1._____________(addition)fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupwork

tobecompleted

inclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothof_____________willbegraded.2.Class___________willvaryfromday

to

day,butstudentsmustbeready___________(complete)shortin-classwritingsortests

drawn

directlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass,lecture/discussion,so___________isimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.

3.It’sjaw--droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfood_____________(throw)away--from“ugly”(butquiteenable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolarge_____________(amount)ofuneatendishes.4.Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshows

that

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbite____________(lead)tonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalfthe

world’s

languages.5.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfood___________(throw)away-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolarge___________(amount)ofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.6.Althoughpopularbeliefs___________(regard)emotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeen___________(benefit)thanharmful.7.____________（return）toabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinks____________anoldfriend.8.It____________(calculate)thatwhenitspopulationreachedits____________(high)point,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,____________(make)itperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.答案：1.Additionally,which2.activities,tocomplete,it3.isthrown,amounts4.ledisthrown,amounts6.regarding,morebeneficial7.Returning,with8.wascalculated,highest,making三真題鞏固練Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Animalsthatdon'thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Oneofthosebadlife'sexperiencesforShelleyhappenedthreeyearsagowhenherbrotherBradwaskilledinadrunkdrivingaccident.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________ItwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapersthatMr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸餾器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Ontheotherhand,agrowthmindsetbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture,writeanarticle,takeaphotoorwriteapoemthatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Anytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit（利潤）—thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandtheyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.分析：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________1.【分析】本句的主干是youwillbegettingbenefits。句首If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；thecalorieburning是動名詞短語，修飾benefits；介詞短語forthewholeday,notinyoursleep做時間狀語?！痉g】如果你在早上鍛煉，那么你將得到的好處是：卡路里一整天都在燃燒，而不只是在你睡覺時燃燒。2.【分析】本句的主干是Hispresencemeantthat，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做meant的賓語。在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞assistant。【翻譯】他的出現(xiàn)意味著我在課堂上有一個意想不到的助教，他的創(chuàng)造力會感染其他學(xué)生。3.【分析】本句的主干是Animalsmaydrinkdirtywateroutside。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞animals；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞dirtywater?！痉g】找不到干凈和解凍的水的動物可能會在外面喝臟水，這些臟水中可能含有對它們有害的物質(zhì)。4.【分析】本句的主干是Oneofthosebadlife'sexperienceshappenedthreeyearsago。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；介詞短語inadrunkdrivingaccident做地點(diǎn)狀語?！痉g】謝利的一次糟糕的生活經(jīng)歷發(fā)生在三年前，當(dāng)時她的哥哥布拉德在一次酒駕事故中喪生。5.【分析】由于演播室里很熱，看到其中一個演員穿上厚厚的大衣開始沿著小路走，我們感到很驚訝?！痉g】本句的主干是itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath。since在這里引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；主句中的it做形式主語，真正的主語是不定式tosee...alongthepath。6.【分析】直到讀完文件之后，格羅斯先生才意識到眼前的任務(wù)非常難完成?！痉g】本句是一個“Itis...that...”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，要注意構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義，強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是狀語從句onlyafterhehadreadthepapers，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不可省略。realize后面的thetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete是一個省略了that的賓語從句。7.【分析】本句的主干是guideswillentertainyou，其中entertain表示“使快樂；使有興趣”。介詞短語with...andparks做方式狀語，其中with表示“用”；句末的Presidents,Congress,memorials和parks用and連接，構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)?！痉g】知識淵博的導(dǎo)游會為你帶來關(guān)于總統(tǒng)、國會、紀(jì)念碑和公園的最有趣的故事。8.【分析】本句的主干是Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwater。句中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞areas?！痉g】在水資源不易獲得的地區(qū)，自制太陽能蒸餾器是獲得飲用水的最佳途徑之一。9.【分析】本句的主干是agrowthmindsetbelievesthat...andthat...。句中兩個that分別引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，通過并列連詞and構(gòu)成并列的賓語從句，做believes的賓語?！痉g】另一方面，成長的思維模式認(rèn)為沒有