20 學(xué)史明理增信崇德知古鑒今-備考2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)材料題型專練

20在學(xué)史中汲取智慧走向未來(lái)備考2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)材料真題題型專練一、完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WeallheardthestoryofNvwapatchingup(修補(bǔ))theskywithmeltedcolouredstones.Manyyearspassedand___1___brokeoutagain.Oneofthemwasabigflood.ItappearedintheYellowRiverduringtheruleofEmperorYao,andthepeoplewereforcedto___2___theirvillagesandgotoliveintreesormountains.Thefloodbroughtgreat___3___tothepeople’slife.EmperorYaofelt___4___forthesufferingofthepeople,soheaskedGuntosolvetheproblem.Receivingthe___5___,Gunledhisteamtobuilddikes(堤壩)tokeepbackthewaterbutfailed.ThenShun,thenextemperor,orderedGun’ssonYutocontinuewiththeworkafterGundied.Yuacceptedtheworkandfoundthatitwas___6___thanhehadthought.Buthefoughtagainstthegreatfloodbravely.Forthirteenyears,hedevoted(投入)himselftohiswork.Hepassedhishousethreetimesbutdidnot___7___it.Drawingalessonfromhisfather’sfailure,heusedmethodsofchannelinganddredging(挖道和疏浚)andcontrolledthegreatflood___8___.Hedidsomuchforthepeoplethatpeoplecalledhim“YutheGreat”andEmperorShun___9___himasthenextemperor.Yuwonthetrustofhisemperorandthepeoplewithhisgreateffort.Hewassuchawise,strong-mindedandgreatpersonthatheis_____10_____learningfrom.Wewillrememberhimforever.1．A．diseases B．troubles C．wars D．skies2．A．buildup B．giveup C．cleanup D．lookup3．A．hope B．message C．convenience D．damage4．A．doubtful B．shy C．sorry D．peaceful5．A．order B．help C．letter D．gift6．A．easier B．moreinteresting C．moredifficult D．stranger7．A．enter B．remember C．look D．find8．A．successfully B．suddenly C．hardly D．secretly9．A．used B．worked C．described D．chose10．A．useless B．busy C．a(chǎn)fraid D．worth【短文大意】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了大禹治水的故事。【答案解析】1．句意：許多年過(guò)去了，麻煩又爆發(fā)了。diseases疾?。籺roubles麻煩；wars戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；skies天空。根據(jù)下文“Oneofthemwasabigflood.”可知，洪水爆發(fā)，進(jìn)而猜測(cè)麻煩又爆發(fā)了。故選B。2．句意：在堯帝統(tǒng)治期間，在黃河流域，人們被迫離開(kāi)他們的村莊，住在樹(shù)上或山上。buildup建造；giveup放棄；cleanup打掃干凈；lookup抬頭看。根據(jù)句子的后半部分“gotoliveintreesormountains”可知，人們?nèi)プ≡跇?shù)林中或大山里，進(jìn)一步推知人們不得不離開(kāi)家園即放棄他們的家園。故選B。3．句意：洪水給人們的生活帶來(lái)了很大的破壞。hope希望；message短信；convenience方便；damage毀壞。根據(jù)上文“thepeoplewereforcedto...

theirvillagesandgotoliveintreesormountains”可知，洪水給人們的生活帶來(lái)巨大的破壞。故選D。4．句意：堯帝對(duì)人們的痛苦感到很傷心。doubtful懷疑的；shy害羞的；sorry抱歉的；peaceful和平的。根據(jù)“EmperorYaofelt...forthesufferingofthepeople,soheaskedGuntosolvetheproblem.”可推知,sorry符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。5．句意：接到命令，鯀帶領(lǐng)他的團(tuán)隊(duì)修堤壩以阻擋洪水，但失敗了。order命令；help幫助；letter信件；gift禮物。根據(jù)上文“heaskedGuntosolvetheproblem”可知，他讓Gun去解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以下文應(yīng)是Gun收到命令。故選A。6．句意：禹接受了這份工作，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這比他想的難得多。easier更容易的；moreinteresting更有趣的；moredifficult更困難的；stranger更奇怪的。根據(jù)下文“Buthefoughtagainstthegreatfloodbravely.Forthirteenyears,hedevoted(投入)himselftohiswork.Hepassedhishousethreetimesbutdidnot...it.”可知，13年以來(lái),他全身心的投入到這個(gè)工作中，甚至三過(guò)家門(mén)而不入，所以推知，治水要比他想的更困難。故選C。7．句意：他三次經(jīng)過(guò)家門(mén)卻沒(méi)有進(jìn)入。enter進(jìn)入；remember記??；look看；find發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“Hepassedhishousethreetimesbutdidnot...it.”中的but可知，他三次經(jīng)過(guò)他的家卻沒(méi)有進(jìn)去。故選A。8．句意：他吸取父親失敗的教訓(xùn)，他用挖道和疏浚的方法成功地控制了洪水。successfully成功地；suddenly突然地；hardly幾乎不；secretly秘密地。根據(jù)“Drawingalessonfromhisfather’sfailure,heusedmethodsofchannelinganddredging(挖道和疏浚)andcontrolledthegreatflood....”及后文“Hedidsomuchforthepeoplethatpeoplecalledhim“YutheGreat”andEmperorShun...himasthenextemperor.”可知，他吸取了他爸爸的失敗教訓(xùn)，采用了疏通的辦法，他為人們做了這么多，人們稱他為“大禹”而且舜帝選他為下一個(gè)大帝，進(jìn)一步推知他成功地控制住了洪水。故選A。9．句意：他為人民做了這么多以至于人們稱他為“大禹”，并且舜帝選他當(dāng)下一個(gè)皇帝。used使用；worked工作；described描述；chose選擇。根據(jù)“EmperorShun…h(huán)imasthenextemperor”可知，選他為下一任皇帝，chose符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。10．句意：他是這么一個(gè)聰明、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和偉大的人，因此他值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。useless無(wú)用的；busy忙碌的；afraid害怕的；worth值得的。根據(jù)“Hewassuchawisestrong-mindedandgreatpersonthatheis...learningfrom.”可知，他是一個(gè)那么聰明的、意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的、偉大的人，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知beworthdoing固定短語(yǔ)，“值得做某事”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。二、閱讀單選A篇TheGrandCanalisthemotherriverofYangzhou.Simultaneous(同時(shí))withher,Yangzhoucitywasbuilt,developed,achievedprosperity(繁榮),andevenwentintolessimportancewithherdownfall.PiRixiu,apoetoftheTangDynasty,oncemadethefollowingcommentonEmperorYangoftheSuiDynastywhohadtheGrandCanalbuilt:“EveryonecomplainsthattheSuiDynastyendedbecauseofthecanal;however,itisstillanimportantwayforpeopletotravel.Ifhehadn’thadsomanypalacesanddragonboatsbuilt,hismeritscouldhavebeencomparedwithDayu.”Thepoetnotonlycriticizedtheemperor’sdissolutebehavior,butalsofullyrecognizedhisachievements.Nowadays,theGrandCanalstillshoulderstheresponsibilitiesoftransportingcoalfromtheNorthtotheSouth,transportinggrainfromtheSouthtotheNorth,anddeliveringwaterfromtheSouthtotheNorth.TheancientGuazhouFerryislocatedwheretheancientcanalandtheYangtzeRivermeet.ThefollowingisafamousancientpoemeulogizingtheGuazhouFerry.MoonlightontheSpringRiverbyZhangRuoxu,aYangzhoucitizenintheTangDynasty,describedthebeautifulsceneryofGuazhouofthedimmoonlightwithgentlyflowingriver.Inspringtheriverrisesashighasthesea,Andwiththeriver’stideuprisesthemoonbright,Shefollowstherollingwavesfortenthousandli,Where’ertheriverflows,thereoverflowsherlight.(ZhangRuoxu)Accordingtothegovernment’splanning,everyeffortwillbemadetomaintaintheoriginalstyleoftheancientneighborhoodsandstreetsintheoldtownofGuazhou.11．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A．YangzhoucityachievedprosperityallthetimeB．PiRixiuwasapoetoftheQingDynastyC．theGrandCanalstillplaysanimportantrolenowadaysD．SuiDynastyendedbecauseoftheGrandCanal12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eulogizing”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．Producing. B．Praising. C．Presenting. D．Painting.13．InZhangRuoxu’spoem,theword“sea”rhymeswith“________”.A．bright B．li C．light D．river14．Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundinabookof________.A．culture B．nature C．novel D．food【短文大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了京杭大運(yùn)河的歷史和其重要的航運(yùn)功能，同時(shí)還提到了張若虛寫(xiě)的《春江花月夜》?！敬鸢附馕觥?1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Nowadays,theGrandCanalstillshoulderstheresponsibilitiesoftransportingcoalfromtheNorthtotheSouth…”可知，大運(yùn)河現(xiàn)在還承擔(dān)著重要的航運(yùn)功能，因此C選項(xiàng)“大運(yùn)河今天仍然發(fā)揮著重要作用”表述正確。故選C。12．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“MoonlightontheSpringRiver…describedthebeautifulsceneryofGuazhouofthedimmoonlightwithgentlyflowingriver”可知，《春江花月夜》這首詩(shī)描寫(xiě)了一幅江邊美麗的夜景，因此推測(cè)Praising“贊美”與畫(huà)線詞意思相近。故選B。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中《春江花月夜》這首詩(shī)的英文中的“Inspringtheriverrisesashighasthesea”和“Shefollowstherollingwavesfortenthousandli”可知，“sea”和“l(fā)i”押韻。故選B。14．推理判斷題。閱讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了京杭大運(yùn)河的歷史和其重要的航運(yùn)功能，同時(shí)還提到了張若虛寫(xiě)的《春江花月夜》，因此這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在與文化有關(guān)的書(shū)上。故選A。B篇Duringthesedays,thefilmnamedTheBattleatLakeChangjinisverypopularamongChinesepeople.ItwastheSecondPhaseOffensiveoftheKoreanWar.ButdoyouknowtheBattleofKumsong(金城戰(zhàn)役)—thelastfightofthewar?71yearsago,ChinesePeople’sVolunteerArmywenttohelpinthewaragainsttheUSinNorthKorea.ThefilmTheSacrifice(金剛川)issetonJuly12,1953,theseconddayafterthestartoftheBattleofKumsong.Unlikeotherwarfilms,thisfilmisaboutordinarysoldiers.Theylosttheirlivesinordertorebuildabridgeduringthefight.Chinesesoldiersdidn’thaveenoughweaponsandtheairwascontrolledbyAmericanfighters.ZhangYiplayedtheroleofZhangFei,ananti-aircraftgunner(高射炮炮手).Helostonelegandonearm,butheclimbedbacktotheanti-craftgunandshottheUSfighterplane,usinghislastbreathe.Justatthatmoment,youmayfindyouholdyourhandstightly,andthatyouunderstandthelineinournationalsongthatsays“usingourflesh(肉體)andbloodtobuildtheGreatWall”.15．WhichcountrydidChinesePeople’sVolunteerArmygotohelpinthewar?A．Japan. B．SouthKorea. C．NorthKorea. D．America.16．Whatdoes“set”meaninthepassage?A．出發(fā) B．制作 C．上映 D．以……為背景17．What’sthedifferencebetweenTheSacrificeandotherwarfilms?A．It’saboutawarinaforeigncountry. B．It’saboutordinarysoldiers.C．It’sabouttheChinesesoldiers. D．It’saboutAmericanfighters.18．WhatkindofherothesoldierZhangFeiwas?A．Strong. B．Unlucky. C．Brave. D．Smart.19．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．ThewarwasthelastfightofthebattleofKumsong.B．Chinesesoldiersdidn’thaveenoughweapons.C．Americanfighterswerestrongerintheair.D．Oursoldiersusedtheirlivestoprotectourcountry.【短文大意】本文介紹了電影《金剛川》的一些情況，從而告訴我們：我們的士兵用他們的生命來(lái)保衛(wèi)我們的國(guó)家?！敬鸢附馕觥?5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ChinesePeople’sVolunteerArmywenttohelpinthewaragainsttheUSinNorthKorea.”可知，中國(guó)人民志愿軍前往朝鮮幫助對(duì)抗美國(guó)。故選C。16．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“ThefilmtheSacrifice(金剛川)issetonJuly12,1953,theseconddayafterthestartoftheBattleofKumsong.”可知，電影《金剛川》故事發(fā)生在1953年7月12日金城戰(zhàn)役打響的第二天，是以這為背景的，單詞“set”指的是“以……為背景”，故選D。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Unlikeotherwarfilms,thisfilmisaboutordinarysoldiers.”可知，與其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)片不同，這部電影講述的是普通士兵的故事。故選B。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ZhangYiplayedtheroleofZhangFei,ananti-aircraftgunner(高射炮炮手).Helostonelegandonearm,butheclimbedbacktotheanti-craftgunandshottheUSfighterplane,usinghislastbreathe.”可知，張飛是一個(gè)勇敢的戰(zhàn)士，故選C。19．段落大意題。根據(jù)“...Justatthatmoment,youmayfindyouholdyourhandstightly,andthatyouunderstandthelineinournationalsongthatsays“usingourflesh(肉體)andbloodtobuildtheGreatWall”.”可知，本段主要是說(shuō)我們的士兵用他們的生命保衛(wèi)了我們的國(guó)家。故選D。C篇TheuseofpapermoneybeganintheTangdynasty,about1200yearsago.Atthattime,itwascalled“flyingcash”becausethewindcouldtakeiteasily.TheuseofpaperbecamepopularinSongdynasty.Everypieceofpaperhadpicturesofhouses,trees,andpeopleonit.Everybillwasinredandblack.Likethemoneyweusetoday,italsohadsomespecialmarksonit.Byhavingthesemarks,itwouldbehelpfultotellwhetherthemoneywasafake.Thenitwouldn’tbesoeasytocounterfeitit.Thepapermoneywasverybeautiful.Thereasonitbecamepopularsoquicklywasthatitwasconvenienttotakeanduse.Peopledidn’thavetotakeheavycoinstoshops.Peoplecoulduseittobuythethingsthattheyneed.Theuseofoldpapermoneyendedin1897.Inthesameyear,Chinastartedtousemodernpapermoney.ButEuropestartedusingitinthe1600s.20．Whatdidn’tpeopledrawonthepapermoney?A．Trees. B．Building. C．People. D．Birds.21．Whatwasnotthereasonthatpapermoneybecamepopular?A．Itwaseasytouse. B．Itwasbeautifultosee.C．Itwasconvenienttobuythings. D．Itwaslighttotake.22．WhichoneisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．ChinesePeopleusedmodernpapermoneyearlierthanEuropeanPeople.B．Modernpapermoneyhasbeenusedforover100years.C．Peoplestoppedusingpapermoneyin1897.D．Thereweremorethantwocolorsontheoldpapermoney.23．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheSecretofPaper B．FlyingCashC．TheHistoryofPaperMoney D．TheImportanceofMoney【短文大意】本文主要介紹了紙幣的歷史?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Everypieceofpaperhadpicturesofhouses,trees,andpeopleonit.”可知紙幣上有房子、樹(shù)木和人物圖，而沒(méi)有鳥(niǎo)。故選D。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereasonitbecamepopularsoquicklywasthatitwasconvenienttotakeanduse.Peopledidn’thavetotakeheavycoinstoshops.”可知紙幣受歡迎是因?yàn)閿y帶方便、買(mǎi)東西方便且很輕，它看起來(lái)漂亮不是受歡迎的原因。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theuseofoldpapermoneyendedin1897.Inthesameyear,Chinastartedtousemodernpapermoney.”可知中國(guó)與1897年開(kāi)始使用現(xiàn)代紙幣，已經(jīng)用了超過(guò)一百年了。故選B。23．標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了紙幣的歷史，用“TheHistoryofPaperMoney”做標(biāo)題最合適。故選C。D篇Hisfriendsandfamilycallhim“BigFeng”becauseheisverytallandplayedbasketballasayoungman.Butheisalsobiginadifferentway—hefightshardtoprotectChina’spast.HisrealnameisFengJicaiandhehaswrittenmanynovelsaboutlifeinChina.Severalyearsago,however,heputdownhispenforawhileandbegantoprotecttheculturalrelics（文化遺產(chǎn)）inTianjinwherehelived.Oncesomeoneaskedhimwhyhenolongerwrote.Herepliedthatatthemomenthefeltprotectingculturalrelicswasmoreimportant.Fengloveshishometown.Hebelievesthatoldthingsmustbegivenaplacenexttonewthings,orpeoplewillsoonforgettheirgreatpast.Hedoesnotmakespeechestogetotherstohelphiminhisprojects.Instead,hegoesoutanddoeswhathecanhimself.Ifothersfollowhim,somuchthebetter.OneofhisbiggestprojectswastoprotecttheoldeststreetinTianjin.Alongthatstreetsomeshopshadbeeninbusinessforsevenhundredyears.Althoughthecitygovernmentrebuiltthisstreet,theydidsaveitsoldestbuilding.Anotherprojectwasmoresuccessful:hesuggestedthecitygovernmentreserve（保留）somelandinthecentreofthecitysoitcouldnotbesoldforbusiness.ThisareaisveryimportantforthehistoryofTianjin.ItwasherethatthecitywasfirstbuiltduringtheSongDynastyLatermanytreasureswerefoundhere.ToFeng,diggingdownintotheearthislikereadingabookpageafterpage.Eachdynastyfoundintheearthislikeaninterestingstory.Notlongago,heandotherwritersandartiststookphotosoftheoldpartsofTianjin.Thephotoswereputintoabookwhichwasverypopular.Themoneyfromthebookhelpshisprojects.Once,anoldmanaskedFengtosignabookforhim,sayinghewouldgiveittohisgrandsonwhowasnotyetborn.Fengwasgladtodoitheknowsthatthepastisnotonlyforustoenjoybutalsoforthechildrenofthefuture.24．WhatdidBigFengdotoprotectoldthingsinTianjin?A．Hehadwrittenmanynovelsaboutthem.B．Hemadespeechestoaskotherstohelphim.C．HeworkedhardanddidwhathecanhimselfD．Herebuilttheoldeststreetinhishometown.25．Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Diggingdownintotheearthisascomfortableasreadingabook.B．Learningmoreaboutculturalrelicshelpsusknowmoreaboutthehistory.C．Bydiggingdownintotheearth,wecandigoutsomeinterestingbooks.D．BigFengisinterestedindiggingdownintotheearthandreadingbooks.26．WhichofthefollowingwillBigFengagreeto?A．Oldthingsshouldgivewaytothenewthings.B．Thegovernmentshouldreservemorelandinthecitycentre.C．Protectingculturalrelicswasasimportantaswriting.D．Childrenofthefutureshouldgettoknowthepast.27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BigFengandHisNovels B．AGreatChineseNovelistC．CulturalRelicsinTianjin D．BigFengandHisRescue【短文大意】本文是一篇記敘文。這篇文章主要講述了作家馮驥才如何參與保護(hù)天津的文化遺產(chǎn)的事跡?！敬鸢附馕觥?4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Instead,hegoesoutanddoeswhathecanhimself.”可知，他走出去，做他力所能及的事情去保護(hù)天津的古物。故選C。25．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Eachdynastyfoundintheearthislikeaninterestingstory.”可知，地底下發(fā)現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)朝代，就像一個(gè)有趣的故事。說(shuō)明往地下挖，就像在一頁(yè)一頁(yè)地翻看著一本書(shū)，說(shuō)明了解文化遺產(chǎn)可以幫助我們更了解歷史。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Fengwasgladtodoitheknowsthatthepastisnotonlyforustoenjoybutalsoforthechildrenofthefuture.”可知，馮驥才認(rèn)為，過(guò)去不只是給我們的，同樣也是給未來(lái)的孩子們的。由此可知，他認(rèn)為，未來(lái)的孩子應(yīng)該了解過(guò)去的故事。故選D。27．最佳標(biāo)題題。這篇文章主要講述了作家馮驥才如何參與保護(hù)天津的文化遺產(chǎn)的事跡。因此選項(xiàng)D“大馮和他的拯救”作為標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。三、閱讀回答問(wèn)題Answerthequestions(根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問(wèn)題)OverahundredyearsagopeopleinLondonweresurprisedtoseeaveryunusualboatcomesailinguptheThamesRiver.Theboatwaseightyfeetlong,flat-bottomed,withbigwoodeneyesonbothsidesinthefrontandwascolourfullypaintedattheback.PeoplecametoknowthatitwasasailingboatfromFuzhouindistantChina.TheboathadsailedroundtheCapeofGoodHope,upthewesterncoastofAfrica,andfinallytoEngland.Ithadcoveredfifteenthousandmiles…morethanhalfofthedistanceroundtheworld.Althoughitwasunexpected,theChinesewerewarmlywelcomed.Theboatcarriedgoods(貨物)suchassilkandteaaswellasanumberofgiftsfromtheEmperorofChinafortheQueenofEngland.PeoplehadalwaysmistakenlythoughtoftheChineseasapeoplewhowerenotusedtothesea.However,fromcenturiesoftradingandsailingindangerousseas,theChinesehadlearnedhowtobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.ThecomingofthissailingboattoLondonprovedonceagaintheChinesecouldsailtodistantcountriesintheworld.28．WhendidtheChinesesailingboatarriveinLondon?______________________________________________.29．Howlongwastheboat?______________________________________________.30．HowmanymilesdidtheboattraveltoLondon?______________________________________________.31．Whatgoodsdidtheboatcarry?______________________________________________.32．WhatdidtheChineselearntodoatthattime?______________________________________________.33．Whatdidthewriterwanttoproveinthearticle?______________________________________________.【短文大意】本文主要講述了多年前中國(guó)的一艘船到達(dá)了倫敦，證明了中國(guó)人可以航行到世界上遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家?！敬鸢附馕觥?8．根據(jù)“OverahundredyearsagopeopleinLondonweresurprisedtoseeaveryunusualboatcomesailinguptheThamesRiver”可知，一百多年前，倫敦人驚奇地看到一艘非常不尋常的船沿著泰晤士河而來(lái)。故填Morethanonehundredyearsago.29．根據(jù)“Theboatwaseightyfeetlong”可知，這艘船長(zhǎng)80英尺。故填80feetlong.30．根據(jù)“Ithadcoveredfifteenthousandmiles”可知，它已經(jīng)行駛了一萬(wàn)五千英里。故填Fifteenthousandmiles.31．根據(jù)“TheboatcarriedgoodssuchassilkandteaaswellasanumberofgiftsfromtheEmperorofChinafortheQueenofEngland”可知，這艘船運(yùn)載貨物有絲綢和茶葉。故填Suchassilkandtea.32．根據(jù)“theChinesehadlearnedhowtobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.”可知，中國(guó)人學(xué)會(huì)如何建造好船并駕駛好船。故填Tobuildgoodboatsandsailthemwell.33．根據(jù)“ThecomingofthissailingboattoLondonprovedonceagaintheChinesecouldsailtodistantcountriesintheworld”可知，這艘帆船來(lái)到倫敦，再次證明了中國(guó)人可以航行到世界上遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家。故填TheChinesecouldreachmanydistantpartsoftheworldbysea.四、閱讀補(bǔ)全短文請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在方框內(nèi)的縮寫(xiě)文章中，填入與短文意思最符合的單詞，并將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。每空一詞。YanmenPass,orYanmenguan,locatedinXinzhou,Shanxiprovince,isafamouspassalongtheGreatWall.ItwassetuponYanmenMountainduringtheTangDynastyandwasrebuiltduringtheMingDynasty.Inancienttimes,YanmenPasswasdifficulttogetthrough,soitwasregardedas“themostimportantamongtheninepassesunderheaven”.Itcouldpreventnorthernnomads(游牧民族)fromgettingintocentralChina.Asanoldsayinggoes,“ThenationwouldbesafeifYanmenwasundercontrolandthenationwouldbeendangeredifitlostcontrolofthepass.”Thepassisabout1kilometerlongandtheheightofthewallisabout4meters.TherearethreegatesinYanmenPass,withthecentralgatecalledYanmen,whichmeans“wildgoosegate”.Itwasnamedafterthewildgeesethatwereoftenseenflyingaroundthepass.DuringtheQingDynasty,therewasoftenheavytrafficontheroadsnearYanmenPass,whichoftenledtoargumentsbetweenbusinessmenandthelocalpeople.In1772,thelocalgovernmentsetupastoneplaque(石碑)tomanagethetraffic.Itisoneofthecountry’sfewancienttrafficsignsthatstillexist(存在)today.ThepasswasalsoacustomgateforWangZhaojun,oneofthe“fourgreatbeauties”ofancientChina.TokeeppeacebetweenthenomadsandtheHanpeople,shewassenttomarrytheleaderofagroupofnomads,leavingthewell-knownhistoricalstory“ZhaojunGoesBeyondtheGreatWall”,whichisstillwidespreadtoday.YanmenPassplaysanimportantroleinhistoryandculture.Nowithasbecomeavaluabletreasuretoattracttouristsfromaroundtheworld.YanmenPassinShanxiprovinceisafamouspassalongtheGreatWall.Inancienttimes,it____34____northernnomadsfromgettingintocentralChina.Andpeopleeventhoughtthecountrywouldbein____35____ifitlostcontrolofthepass.YanmenPasshasthreegates,withthecentralgatecalledYanmen.Itwasnamedso____36____wildgeesewereseenflyingaround.Nearthepassexistsaspecialstoneplaquewhichwassetuptomanagethe____37____roadsaroundduringtheQingDynasty.Thepassalsohasafamoushistoricalstory“ZhaojunGoesBeyondtheGreatWall”,whichstillspreads____38____today.Withitsimportanceinhistoryandculture,YanmenPasshasbecomeavaluabletouristattractionaroundtheworld.【短文大意】本文主要介紹了雁門(mén)關(guān)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，雁門(mén)關(guān)在歷史文化中扮演著重要的角色?，F(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)寶貴的財(cái)富，吸引來(lái)自世界各地的游客?！敬鸢附馕觥?4．根據(jù)“ItcouldpreventnorthernnomadsfromgettingintocentralChina.”可知雁門(mén)關(guān)能阻止北方游牧民族進(jìn)入中國(guó)中部，prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人做某事”，結(jié)合“Inancienttimes”可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填prevented/stopped/kept。35．根據(jù)“ThenationwouldbesafeifYanmenwasundercontrolandthenationwouldbeendangeredifitlostcontrolofthepass.”可知如果失去對(duì)雁門(mén)關(guān)的控制，國(guó)家將處于危險(xiǎn)之中。beindanger“處于危險(xiǎn)之中”。故填danger。36．“wildgeesewereseenflyingaround”是被稱作雁門(mén)關(guān)的原因，用as或because表示“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故填as/because。37．根據(jù)“DuringtheQingDynasty,therewasoftenheavytrafficontheroadsnearYanmenPass,whichoftenledtoargumentsbetweenbusinessmenandthelocalpeople.In1772,thelocalgovernmentsetupastoneplaquetomanagethetraffic.”可知這一帶交通擁擠，此處用busy或crowded表示道路繁忙或擁擠。故填busy/crowded。38．根據(jù)“TokeeppeacebetweenthenomadsandtheHanpeople,shewassenttomarrytheleaderofagroupofnomads,leavingthewell-knownhistoricalstory“ZhaojunGoesBeyondtheGreatWall”,whichisstillwidespreadtoday.”可知昭君出塞的故事至今廣為流傳，用widely表示“廣泛地”，副詞修飾前面動(dòng)詞。故填widely。五、閱讀還原5選5Whenwethinkbacktoourschooldays,wecanremembersomekidshatedhistoryclass.____39____So,what’sthepointoflearningit?Herewe’lltakeacloserlookatwhyhistoryisimportant.Historyhelpsusdevelopabetterunderstandingoftheworld.Wecan’tbuildaframework（框架）whichisbasedonourlifewithoutunderstandinghowthingsworkintheworld.Historypaintsapictureofhowsocietyandtechnologyworkedinthepast.____40____Italsohelpsuslearnhowtofacethefuture,asitallowsustolearnfromthepast.Historyhelpsusunderstandourselves.Tounderstandwhowe’re,weneedtolearnwherewefitintothestoryofourcountry.Historytellsusthestoryofhowournationcametobeeverythingthatitis.Ittellsuswhoourancestors（祖先）are.____41____Moreimportantly,wecanadmire（欣賞）thevaluablethingstheyleftforus.____42____Historyisavaluabletoolwhenitcomestounderstandingthosewhoaredifferentfromus.Historybooksofothercountrieshelpusunderstandhowotherculturesinfluenceourown.That’sexactlywhyeveryoneshouldstudythehistoryoftheworldatschool.Historymakesusbecomebetterdecisionmakers.“Thosewhodon’tlearnhistoryarecertaintorepeatit.”GeorgeSantayanawrotethesewordsover100yearsago.____43____Theyhelpusunderstandthereasonswhypeoplemaybehavethewaytheydo.Asaresult,peoplebecomeaskinderandfairerasdecisionmakers.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使文章意思通順、內(nèi)容完整。A．Ittellsyouwheretheycamefrom.B．Sowecanbetterunderstandhowtheyworknow.C．Historyhelpsuslearntounderstandotherpeople.D．However,they’restillimportanttodaybecauseofhowtruethey’re.E．Tothem,historyseemedlikeacollectionofboringnamesanddates.【短文大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了歷史幫助我們更好地了解世界，幫助我們了解自己和了解別人。【答案解析】39．根據(jù)上文“Whenwethinkbacktoourschooldays,wecanremembersomekidshatedhistoryclass.”可知，一些孩子討厭歷史課，所以下文應(yīng)該講他們?yōu)槭裁从憛挌v史課，選項(xiàng)E“應(yīng)說(shuō)對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，歷史就像一堆無(wú)聊的名字和日期”符合題意。故選E。40．根據(jù)上文“Historypaintsapictureofhowsocietyandtechnologyworkedinthepast.”可知，歷史描繪了過(guò)去社會(huì)和技術(shù)如何運(yùn)作的圖景，下文應(yīng)該會(huì)講歷史描繪了過(guò)去社會(huì)和技術(shù)如何運(yùn)作的圖景的意義，選項(xiàng)B“因此，我們可以更好地了解它們現(xiàn)在是如何工作的”符合題意。故選B。41．根據(jù)上文“Ittellsuswhoourancestors（祖先）are.”可知，歷史告訴我們我們的祖先是誰(shuí)，下文應(yīng)該會(huì)提到告訴我們祖先來(lái)自哪里，選項(xiàng)A“歷史告訴你祖先他們來(lái)自哪里”符合題意。故選A。42．根據(jù)下文“Historyisavaluabletoolwhenitcomestounderstandingthosewhoaredifferentfromus.”可知，歷史讓我們了解人，本段都在講歷史幫助我們了解他人，選項(xiàng)C“歷史幫助我們學(xué)會(huì)了解他人”符合題意。故選C。43．根據(jù)下文“Historymakesusbecomebetterdecisionmakers.“Thosewhodon’tlearnhistoryarecertaintorepeatit.”GeorgeSantayanawrotethesewordsover100yearsago.”可知，“不學(xué)歷史的人肯定會(huì)重蹈覆轍?！眴讨巍どＫ喖{在100多年前寫(xiě)下了這句話，故下文應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講這句話，選項(xiàng)D“然而，它們今天仍然很重要，因?yàn)樗鼈兪嵌嗝凑鎸?shí)”符合題意。故選D。六、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卷規(guī)定的位置上。Oneday,thegreatthinkerMengzivisitedLiangHuiWang,theruleroftheLiangStateduringtheWarringStatesPeriodinancientChina,from371-335BCE.Therulersaid,“Icareformypeople.Ifthe___44___(crop)failtogrowinthesouth,Imovethepeopletothenorth.Ifthereisabadharvestinthenorth,Imovethepeoplesouth.Therulersofotherstatesarenot___45___me.Theydon’thelpthemwhentheyarehungry.Whydomypeoplerunaway___46___thenumberofpeopleintheirstatesisgrowing?”“Mylord,letmeusethebattlefield(戰(zhàn)場(chǎng))toshowyou.Thereisfightingandonesideiswinning.Thesoldiersonthelosingsidebegintorunawaybecausethey___47___(notwant)togetcaptured.Afastsoldierruns100stepsandasloweroneruns50steps.Whenthesoldier___48___(run)50stepslooksahead,seeingthesoldierswith100steps,helaughsatthefastersoldierandcallshimacoward.Doyouthinkit’srightfortheslowersoldier___49___(judge)theother?”“No.Thesloweroneisno___50___(good)asheisnotdoinganything___51___(different).”“Exactly.Andyouarealsorightabouttheotherrulers.Theymaynotcarefortheirpeopleduringhardtimes___52___wayyoudo.Butyousendyourpeopleintobattleallthetime.Whenyoudothis,youarenotcaringforyourpeople,either.Onehundredstepsshouldnot___53___(laugh)atbyfiftysteps.”【短文大意】本文介紹了“五十步笑百步”這個(gè)成語(yǔ)的由來(lái)：梁惠王告訴孟子自己比其他統(tǒng)治者更熱愛(ài)子民，孟子認(rèn)為他發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，將人民置于水火之中，與其他統(tǒng)治者并無(wú)差別?！敬鸢附馕觥?4．句意：如果南方的莊稼不能生長(zhǎng)，我就把人們轉(zhuǎn)移到北方。根據(jù)“Ifthe...failtogrowinthesouth”可知，該句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由“failtogrow”可知，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故此處要用crop的復(fù)數(shù)crops。故填crops。45．句意：其他國(guó)家的統(tǒng)治者不像我。根據(jù)“Theydon’thelpthemwhentheyarehungry.”可知，此處表示其他國(guó)家的統(tǒng)治者不像我這樣愛(ài)民；like“像”，介詞，符合語(yǔ)境。故填like。46．句意：為什么我的人民要逃跑，而他們國(guó)家的人民卻在增加？根據(jù)“mypeoplerunaway”和“thenumberofpeopleintheirstatesisgrowing”可知，前后句形成對(duì)比，應(yīng)用while“然而”連接。故填while。47．句意：失敗一方的士兵開(kāi)始逃跑，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌氡环敗８鶕?jù)“Thesoldiersonthelosingsidebegintorunaway”可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為“they”，否定用don’t+動(dòng)詞原形。故填don’twant。48．句意：當(dāng)跑50步的士兵向前看，看到有100步的士兵時(shí)，他嘲笑那個(gè)跑得快的士兵，說(shuō)他是膽小鬼。根據(jù)“Whenthesoldier...50stepslooksahead”和所給詞可知，run“跑步”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是thesoldier發(fā)出的，故此處應(yīng)用run的ing形式。故填running。49．句意：你認(rèn)為慢兵對(duì)其他兵評(píng)頭論足是正確的嗎？根據(jù)“it’srightfortheslowersoldier...theother”可知，itis+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.“做某事是怎樣的”，不定式作主語(yǔ)。故填tojudge。50．句意：速度慢的那個(gè)也好不到哪里去，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有做任何不同的事情。根據(jù)“Thesloweroneisno...”可知，此處指跑得慢的那個(gè)士兵也好不到哪里去，nobetter“沒(méi)有更好”。故填better。51．句意：速度慢的那個(gè)也好不到哪里去，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有做任何不同的事情。根據(jù)“heisnotdoinganything...”可知，此處要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故填differently。52．句意：在困難時(shí)期，他們可能不像你那樣關(guān)心自己的人民。根據(jù)“Theymaynotcarefortheirpeopleduringhardtimes...wayyoudo.”可知，此處表示其他統(tǒng)治者在困難時(shí)期關(guān)心子民的方式不像你這樣，此處表示特指，應(yīng)用冠詞the。故填the。53．句意：一百步不應(yīng)被五十步嘲笑。根據(jù)“Onehundredstepsshouldnot...atbyfiftysteps.”可知，此處是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone。故填belaughed。七、短文漢語(yǔ)提示填空(★★)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給中文提示，用單詞的正確形式完成以下短文。

Mostpeopleknowhisnameandconsiderhimasoneof___54___(有影響力的)Chinesethinkers,butveryfewpeopleknowwhoConfuciusreallywasandwhathereallysaid.

AlthoughhisfatherdiedwhenConfuciuswasyoung,hedidn’tgivehimselfup.Thankstoafriend,ConfuciuswasabletostudyattheRoyalLibrary,wherehegotthe___55___(知識(shí))andformedhisworldview.ItwasalsointheRoyalLibrarythathe___56___(意識(shí)到)theimportanceofeducationandfoundthe