第20講-七選五(選修第一冊)(原卷版)

第20講七選五1．了解七選五的解題方法與技巧。2．進行七選五真題訓練。七選五試題給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章，對應有七個選項，根據(jù)文章結構、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應的空白處。該類題型要求從短文后的七個選項中（均為完整的句子）選出五個能填入文章空處的最佳選項，主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形式深受閱讀多項選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了《新課標》“用英語獲取、處理和運用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語思維的能力。”的閱讀學習和教學理念。七選五和傳統(tǒng)題型完型填空有些類似，雖然完型填空題考查的是詞匯層面，七選五考查的是句子層面，但是它們的考查方式是一樣的，只要考生選擇的答案能夠使行文連貫，符合英文的語法以及習慣表達就行，因此，這兩類題型在做題方法上有共同之處。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側重點不完全相同而已。從《考試說明》對該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！笨梢缘贸鲆韵屡袛啵涸擃}備選項可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結構）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設置，例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結構，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。解題技巧：1.通過設題位置判斷（1）段首設空一般找能概括該段中心意思的選項。（2）段尾設空一般找能總結歸納該段的選項。段首、段中、段尾題在文中所起的作用可歸納為下表：挖空位置邏輯關系具體解讀段首題主旨句常以段落小標題或主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠將上段和下段的內(nèi)容連貫起來。段中題例證關系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點)和推理(從觀點到例子)。常見的表示例證關系的標志詞語有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。轉折關系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可能表示轉折。表示轉折關系的標志詞語有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果關系表示因果關系的標志詞語有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(結果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。遞進關系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的層進關系，則空格處很有可能是個表示遞進的句子。表示遞進關系的標志詞語有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。并列關系表示并列關系的標志詞語有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾題總結句用于總結本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結性的詞語。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠將上段和下段的內(nèi)容連貫起來。2.通過標點符號判斷當設空處后為逗號且逗號后面的句子結構完整時，可判斷該空應為狀語從句。3.根據(jù)語境線索判斷語境線索主要指反映上下文關系的銜接手段，如篇章結構、詞語重現(xiàn)、邏輯、連接、指代、同構等。（1）“詞語重現(xiàn)”不僅指詞語的簡單出現(xiàn)，而且指某詞語可能以不同詞類、詞性、數(shù)、格、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)。（2）“邏輯”指事物之間存在的必然的關系，包括時間先后關系、空間位置關系、因果關系、歸納總結關系、總分關系等。（3）“指代”是指用代詞代替前文提到過的人物、事件、物品等，如it，he，she，they等。（4）“同構”是指上下文使用同一結構或類似的句子。（2023春·廣東湛江·高二統(tǒng)考階段練習）Manypeopleimaginethatshadeinagardenisaproblem.ButIbelievewiththerightattitude,inspiration,andideas,eventheshadiestgardencanbecomeabeautifulandabundantspace.Herearemytips:Growingfoodinshade____1____.If,however,yourgardenismoredeeplyshaded,youmaystruggletogrowtraditionalvegetables.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyoucannotgrowfoodatall.Infact,therearemoreeatableplantsthatgrowwellinshadethanyoumightimagine.____2____Notallshadeareasarethesame.Anditisimportanttounderstandthelevelandtypeofshadethatyouaredealingwithtomaketherightchoicesinyourgarden.Ashadegardencanhavearangeofadvantages.Itmaybemuchcooler.Anditmayfeelmoreprivateandpeacefulthanaveryopenspace.____3____.MakingshadegardenbeautifulAswellasgrowingfoodinashadegarden,youcanalsomakeitabeautifulspace,whichcanattractawiderangeofbeneficialwildlifethroughouttheyear.____4____.Andtrytochoosearangeoffloweringplantstoattractpollinatorsandbeneficialinsectsthroughouttheyear,andtoprovidevisualappealoverasmuchoftheyearaspossible.____5____.Butbycreatingtherightlayoutandchoosingtherightplants,shadecanbecomeanopportunity,ratherthanadisadvantage.A．UnderstandingshadeB．ChoosingdifferentshadesC．FoodgrownintheshadetastesequallydeliciousD．DesigningashadegardendoesrequiresomecarefulthoughtE．Youjusthavetoselectplantsofvariouscolors,shapesandformsF．Inlightshade,youarestillabletogrowarangeofcommonvegetablecropsG．Treesorotherstructureswhichcastshadecanoffersomeprivacyinyourgarden（2023春·遼寧·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Everyonewantsaneverlastingrelationshipbutthereareonlyahandfulofpeoplethatarewillingtoputintheworkforit.____6____Let’sdiscusshowyoucanstrengthenit!Today,youwillseealotofmarriagesandrelationshipsbeingended,whyisthat?Peoplewhousedtoloveeachothersodeeplyhavenowcutoffallsortsofcommunicationandevenblockedeachotherfromanywhere.____7____Noonedeservestogothroughthissortofagonywhichiswhywemustenhanceourcommunicationskillsinanykindofrelationship.Inanykindofrelationship,ittakesawhiletobuildandpromotetrust,thatmuchisnatural.____8____Itistruethattrustcannotbebuiltinadaywhichiswhywemuststriveforit.Wehavetobefullyhonestandopenwitheachothersothatwewillbeabletofullytrusteachother.Learntoconfideinyourpartnerandmakethemtrustyou.Everyrelationshipmaycontainloveandcarebutthereisrarelyanyrespectforeachother,andthisleadstoafalloutbetweenthepartners.Itisimperativethatwecommunicatewitheachotheraboutourneedsandwants,thiswillmakeusrespectoneanother.Seemingly,therecouldbeonethingthatisn’trudeordisrespectfulbutwillbeveryhurtfultotheotherperson.____9____Thiswillnourishyourrelationship.____10____However,onceyouareinarelationshipwithsomeone,youhavetorelyonthem.Relyinguponandsupportingeachotherisavitalpartofanyrelationship.Partnerscouldairtheirminds,sharetheirconcernsandemotionswithoutanykindoffear.Communicateabouteverythingwithyourpartner,andseehowthingsgetbetter.A．Itincreasestherespectforeachother.B．Weknowthatbeingindependentandstrongisgreat.C．Communicationisthekeytoalong-lastingrelationship.D．Nocommunicationleadstonorelationshipandviceverse.E．Communicatewitheachotherbutalsorespectthefeelingsoftheotherperson.F．Allofthisresultsinexcruciating(折磨人的)painthatevenexceedsphysicalpain.G．However,trustcannotbebuiltbetweentwopartnersifthereisalackofeffectivecommunication.（2023春·浙江寧波·高二效實中學?？计谥校㏕earscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.____11____However,cryingisafactoflife,andtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,youreyesproducetears.Thesecreateafilm(薄膜)overtheeye’ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection.Tearsreducestress,butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.“____12____They’reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,they’llnevergetitback,”explainspsychologistDorothyRowe.Almostanyemotion—goodorbad,happyorsad—cancausetears.____13____Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely.Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressed,however,theycan’tcry.Theymaybefeelingshock,anger,fearorgrief,buttheycontroltheemotion.“Everyonehastheneedtocry,”sayspsychotherapist(精神治療醫(yī)師)VeraDiamond.____14____Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.____15____It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion.“Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,don’tjustcry,”Diamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealwiththeproblem.”Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.A．Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.B．Themoreyoucry,thehealthieryouwillbecome.C．Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.D．Sometimespatientsparticipateincryingexercises.E．Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.F．Incertainsituation,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.G．Manypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.（2023春·遼寧鞍山·高二鞍山一中校考期中）Ilovetravelling.OneofmyfondestmemoriesoftraveliswhenIspentafewdaysbackpackinginBucharest,Romania.Anunexpectedactofkindnessfromastrangertrulymademefeelmoved._____16_____ThefirstdayIarrivedinBucharestIhadtotakethebusfromthetrainstationtomyaccommodation.IboardedthebusandfoundoutthatnoneofmycardsworkedandIwasn’tabletobuyaticket._____17_____AlthoughIexplainedthatitwasn’tmyintentionandIhadjustarrivedfromBrasov,theystilldidn’tbelievemeandfinedmefornothavingaticket.Afterdoingsomeresearchonline,IfoundthatmostbusesinBucharestdonotacceptcashoranyformofpaymentonboard.Youhavetopurchaseacardatcertainplacesinthecity,topitupwithmoney,andthenpayonboard._____18_____Youcanusewirelesspaytopurchaseaticket.IwasdelightedafterfindingoutsuchgoodnewsasIdidnotwantanotherfine._____19_____AfterIgotonthebus,IfoundtheticketmachinetobethesameastheoneIhadmetwithonmyfirstdayinBucharest.Itriedinvaineverymethod,includingwirelesspay,ApplePayandcash._____20_____Atthatmoment,akindmiddle-agedmanstandingnexttomehandedmeacard.Iunderstoodthatitwasacardforthebus.Themanpaidformybusride.A．Istartedtopanic.B．Fewthingsseemedtowork.C．Itisstillvividinmymindnow.D．OneplaceIwillneverforgetisRomania.E．Worsestill,Iwasstoppedbypolicemenonthebus.F．However,thebusesconnectingtotheairportsaremoremodern.G．Fastforwardtomylastday,IplannedtotakethebustoBucharestAirport.（2023春·江蘇南京·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Establishinghealthyboundarieswithyourselfwillhelpyoustaywithinyourrangeofcontrolandprioritizewhatmattersmost.Herearesometips.BehonestwithyourselfBehindeveryfancypurchaseisadesireforstatusandrecognition.Yousecretlywanttobenoticedforwearinganewwatchorcarryingadesignerpurse.____21____Sobeforetakingactiontowardsanyattempt,suchasmakinganexpensivepurchaseorpursuingajobpromotion,askyourself,“WhoamIdoingthisfor?”____22____However,ifyouarepursuingsomethingwiththehopesofattractingattention,thenyouneedtosaynotoyourself.Honoryourlimits____23____Tryingtopleaseeveryonemakesyouvulnerable(脆弱的).Thetruthisyouhavelimitedenergyandtime.Itisimportantthatyouarewisewithyourresources.TheimportanceofhonoringyourlimitsishighlightedbytheGreekmythologicalstory.Thestoryisareminderthatpushingyourselftoohardfortoolongultimatelycomesatacost.StopcomparingyourselftoothersPeoplewillengageinbehaviorsthattriggeryou.ItmightbetemptingtoenteranundeclaredcompetitionwiththeJoneses.Thisapproachdoesnotworkbecausethereisalwayssomeoneouttherewhohasmoreofwhatyoudesire.Stopcomparingyourselftoothers.____24____Focusonlivingameaningfullifethatisconsistentwithyourvaluesandgoals.____25____Youarelikelyyourworstcritic.Yousecretlysaythingstoyourselfthatyouwouldneverhavethehearttotellothers.Remembertohaverealisticexpectationsofyourself.Whenyousetgoals,considerwhetheryouhavesetthestandardatareasonablelevel.Ifthegoalisunrealistic,thenyouhavetosaynoandadjustyourexpectations.A．Befairtoyourself.B．Staytruetoyourself.C．Youcan’tbeeverythingforeveryone.D．Therealityisthatyouarenotbeingrecognized.E．Whatsomeoneisdoingwiththeirlifehasnothingtodowithyou.F．Ifapursuitwilltrulyimprovethequalityofyourlife,thengoforit.G．Thesamecanbesaidaboutotherpursuitssuchasaccumulatingwealthandstatus.（2023春·重慶·高二重慶一中校考期中）Firstaidisacrucialaspectofhealthcarethatcansignificantlysavesomeone’slifeorpreventfurtherinjuryorillness.Knowingwhentousefirstaidisessentialsothatpropermeasuresaretakenpromptly.____26____InjuriesandAccidentsOneofthemostcommoninstanceswherefirstaidisrequiredisininjuriesandaccidents.___27___Insuchsituations,itisessentialtoprovideimmediatecaretopreventfurtherdamageandensurethattheaffectedindividualreceivestimelymedicalattention.Someoftheinitialstepsinfirstaidforinjuriesincludeapplyingpressuretostopbleeding,immobilizingtheaffectedarea,andadministeringpainreliefmedication.CardiacArrest(心臟停跳)Anothercriticalsituationwherefirstaidcanmakeadifferenceisduringacardiacarrest.Acardiacarrestoccurswhentheheartstopsfunctioning;immediateinterventionisnecessary.____28____Thefirststepinsuchasituationistocallemergencyservicesandstartcardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)untilprofessionalhelparrives.KnowinghowtoperformCPRcanbelife-savinginsuchsituations.ChokingandSuffocation(窒息)Chokingandsuffocationareemergenciesthatcanoccuratanytime,andimmediateinterventionisnecessarytopreventfurthercomplications.Ifsomeoneischoking,itisessentialtoactquickly._29_Similarly,ifsomeoneissuffocatingduetoablockedairway,itisvitaltocleartheobstructionandensurethattheperson’sairwayisopen.Whentousefirstaidcansignificantlysavesomeone’slifeorpreventfurtherinjuryorillness.__30__Callforemergencyservices,andprovideimmediatecareuntilprofessionalhelparrives.Beingpreparedandtrainedinfirstaidcanensurethesafetyandwell-beingofthosearoundus.A．Inanyemergency,itisessentialtoremaincalm.B．Thiscanincludecuts,burns,falls,sprains,andotherunpleasantinjuries.C．Ifsomeonehastakenapoisonoussubstance,callingemergencyservices.D．PerformtheHeimlichmanoeuvretoforceouttheobjectcausingtheobstruction.E．Bleedingandoverdosearemedicalemergenciesthatrequireimmediateattention.F．Thisblogpostwilldiscusswhentousefirstaidandtheimportanceofearlyintervention.G．Bloodcirculation(血液循環(huán))andoxygensupplytovitalorgansshouldberestoredimmediately.（2023春·黑龍江雙鴨山·高二雙鴨山一中校考期中）Apologizingforamistakemightseemdifficult,butitwillhelpyourepairandimproveyourrelationshipswithothersafterthatoffense(冒犯).Acknowledgetheoffense.Thisisanessentialelementofagoodapology.___31___Apologiesaremostlikelytobewell-receivedifyoushowthatyourecognizewhowasresponsibleandwhowasharmed.Forexample,saying“Imadeamistake”ismoreeffectivethansaying“mistakesweremade”,whichfailstoclarifyresponsibility.___32___Insomecases,it’shelpfultoexplainanoffense,especiallytoexplainthatitwasnotintentionalandthatitwillnothappenagain.Butexplanationsthatarelong-winded,soundlikeexcuses,orblamethevictim(e.g.Youwerereallygettingonmynerves.)tendtohaveanoppositeeffect.Expressregret.___33___Expressingthesefeelingscommunicatesthatyourecognizeandregretthesufferingyoucaused.Becarefulofphraseslike“Thatwasuncharacteristicofme.”___34___Instead,acknowledgeyourdisappointmentinyourselfandyourcommitmenttoimprove.Tellthemhowyou’llchange.Letthemknowhowyou’llchangeandwhatyou’ddotomakethatpossible.Forinstance,ifyou’vebeenlateonceagain,insteadofjustapologizing,sharehowyou’dkeepanearlyalarmtobeontime!___35___A．Provideaproperexplanation.B．Expressyourintentionclearly.C．Butmanyapologiesdon’tdothisenough.D．Whenyouhurtsomeone,it’snaturaltofeelshameorregret.E．Atrueapologyisonewhereyoupromiseitwon’tberepeatedagain.F．Thismightshowthatyouaren’ttakingfullownershipforwhathappened.G．Thiswillenableyoutoknowwhatmeansthemosttotheoffendedperson.（2023春·江蘇鹽城·高二鹽城市第一中學校聯(lián)考期中）Publicspeakingistheactofspeakingtoalargegroupofpeopleinahighlyorganizedmanner.____36____Theabilitytospeakconfidentlyinpublicnotonlywillmakeyoustandoutwhileincollege,butalsowillenableyoutoplayanactiveroleinyourworkplaceinthefuture.Publicspeakingofteninvolvestwomajorstagesofwork.Asforthepreparation,youshouldstartwithanaudienceanalysisanddecideonaspeechtopicandpurpose.____37____Afteryouanalyzeyouraudienceandsetaspeechobjective,youneedtogathermaterialstosupportyouridea.____38____Afteryougatherenoughmaterialsaboutthetopic,youthenneedtoorganizethemclearlyandlogically.____39____Inaspeech,shorterandsimplerwordsandsentencesarepreferredtolongandcomplexonessothatthelisteningaudiencewillunderstandwell.Besides,inordertobringemotionalresponsesintheaudience,variouskindsofrhetoricaldevices(修辭手法)areoftenemployedtoaddpowertothespeechlanguage.Tosuccessfullydeliveraspeech,youneedtodoalotofworkaswell.____40____Maybeyoualsoneedtopreparesomevisual(視覺的)aidssuchasPowerPointtohelpyouraudienceunderstandyouwell.A．Somepeoplethinkthatpublicspeakingcanbetrained.B．Knowingtheartofpublicspeakingisveryimportant.C．Inaddition,youshouldpayattentiontothetopicofyourspeech.D．Thelanguageofaspeechtendstobedifferentfromthatofwriting.E．YoucangatherthesematerialsfromtheInternetoryourpersonalexperience.F．Youneedtomakeeffectiveuseofyourvoicetoconveyyourmessageclearly.G．Themoreyouknowaboutyouraudience,thebetteryouwillpreparethespeech.（2023春·江蘇南通·高二海安高級中學?？计谥校㏕heMalaysiannightmarketisbasedonaconceptofopen-airshoppingwherestreelvendors(小販)takeoveradesignatedstreettosetupstalls(貨攤).Thenightmarketistheplacewhereyoucanhangaroundthestalls,enjoythesmelloflocalfoodsandmaybepickupsomeitems.Eachnightmarketcomprisesadifferentcombinationofstalls.____41____Thereisalwayssomethingnewandexcitingtolookforwardtoateachvisit.Thenightmarketsaretypicallyfrom5p.m.till10:30p.m.Youcangetanythingfromnightmarkets,beitgroceries,clothing,goodlocalfood,hotsnacks,householditems,freshproduce,andeventhelateststyles.Byaround6p.m.,themarketisinfullswingasthefirstgroupsofpeoplesweepin.Forthosewhocook,thereisstalluponstallsellingfreshseafood,meatproducts,andalimitlessvarietyofvegetables.____42____.Itisnosecretthatall-nightmarketsshareacommontreasure—tastystreetcuisine.____43____Theever-popularsoybeandrinkandsugarcanejuiceareapermanentfeaturehere.____44____Therefore,itisnotaplaceforthefaint-heartedorthegentle.Tomany,theyarefunandthrillingplacestoexplore.Youcanevenbeaddictedtodiscoveriesoftheantiquekindwhichcanbefoundinsomenightmarkets.Someplacesare24-hourmarkets,whicharelivelieratnightwhentraderssetupnumerousstallssellingunusuallocalfood,exotictropical(熱帶的)fruits,cheapclothes,second-handgoodsaswellasfreshproduce.Thenightmarketistrulyanexcitingexperienceandafeastfortheeyesonatropicalnightout.Theatmosphereisalmostfestive.____45____.A．Yourcuriositywillbesatisfiedhere.B．Thereissomuchtosee,buyandeat.C．Peoplewouldcomplainab