人教社2024版初中七年級上冊英語寒假分層作業(yè)學(xué)生版08 閱讀理解特訓(xùn)

人教社2024版初中七年級上冊英語寒假分層作業(yè)學(xué)生版專題08閱讀理解特訓(xùn)內(nèi)容早知道?第一層鞏固提升練（4大考點）考點一細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點二推理判斷題考點三詞句猜測題考點四主旨大意題?第二層能力培優(yōu)練?第三層拓展突破練考點一細(xì)節(jié)理解題此類題一般針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息進行考查。答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語，也可能是一個句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，但句式、用詞和表達方式不同。(此類型題占比最大。占到全部閱讀題60~80%左右)【注意】這類題設(shè)置干擾項的特點：①部分正確，而另一部分是錯誤的。②是原文信息，卻不是題目要求的內(nèi)容③符合常識，但和文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)。④與原文內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在程度上有所不同。常見的提問形式：①WhichofthefollowingcannotyoulearninAngliaSummerCamp?②WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?③WhydidCalvinCoolidgeliveattheWillardHotelinthosedays?④WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?⑤AccordingtoGeorge,readingaloudtochildren______.解題技巧：抓住提問中的關(guān)鍵字眼，仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的材料內(nèi)容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加歸納就可以得出正確答案。注意排除下列干擾項：①擴縮范圍文章為了表達得準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)密，很注意對范圍的限定。有的是通過加上相應(yīng)的詞語限制，如涉及到數(shù)量時常用many,almostall,nearly,morethan,over,onlyafew,normally等限制。有些干擾項是通過改變或去掉限定詞語，甚至是擴大或縮小了語言范圍。②偷換概念命題者設(shè)計試題時往往把原文的概念偷換成另一個不同的概念。望文生義是造成錯誤的主要原因。③正誤并存在一干擾項中，某個句子或詞語是正確的，其他分句或詞語是錯誤的或表達不全面，正誤并存，命題者借此以假亂真。要排除這類干擾項，只要一個選項局部有誤或選項不全面，都屬排除的干擾項?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】MynameisHolly.I’m14yearsold,andIamamiddleschoolstudent.Ilikemyschoollife.Igetupatsixo’clockinthemorning.ThenIgorunningintheplayground.Athalfpastsix,Ihavebreakfastatschool.Youcanseemanystudentsandteachersinthedininghall.Afterbreakfast,IgotomyclassroomandreadEnglish.Wehavesixclasseseveryday.Thefirstclassstartsateighto’clock.Ilikeallmysubjects.Ithinktheyareinteresting.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish,soIoftengototheEnglishcomer(英語角)onThursdayevening.IcanpractisemyEnglishthere.Afterclass,Ialwaysplaywithmyfriends.Weplaybasketball,footballandtabletennis.Ilikeallmylessons,myfriendsandmyteachers.Inaword(總而言之),Ilovemyschoollife.1．WhendoesHollyhavebreakfast?A．At6:00am. B．At6:30am. C．At6:40am. D．At7:00am.2．WhendoesHollyreadEnglish?A．Beforebreakfast. B．Afterbreakfast. C．Intheevening. D．Afterlunch.3．WhatisHolly’sfavoritesubject?A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．History. D．English.考點二推理判斷題推理判斷題是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文?！咀⒁狻竣倌切┪恼轮兄苯雨愂龅膬?nèi)容不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項。②推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知;做題時一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。③不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀臆斷.常見的提問形式：①WhatwouldAndydonext?②Wheremaythispassagecomefrom?③AccordingtoMorgan,whatkindofpeoplearemostlikelytosufferfromnearsightedness?④Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?⑤Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?解題技巧：推斷題是考查學(xué)生透過文章表面的文字信息進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。學(xué)生不僅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潛在涵義。注意點：①推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知；作出正確答案時一定要在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。②不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法；不要脫離原文主觀臆斷?！舾鶕?jù)事實進行推斷：首先在文章中找出據(jù)以判斷的有關(guān)詞或句子，然后加以分析，悟出字里行間的意思?！舾鶕?jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進行推斷：作者的思想傾向和感情色彩往往含在字里行間。因此，既要將文章的主題思想作為推斷的前提，還應(yīng)注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞、副詞等修飾語。學(xué)生要對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點?！糁复茢啵阂茢嘀复~所指的對象，關(guān)鍵在于對該詞所在的上下文的正確的理解。指代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與被指代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致?！舾鶕?jù)邏輯關(guān)系進行推斷：根據(jù)文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、動作和語言來推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感受?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】Hello,everyone!IamMary.IstudyinNo.39MiddleSchool.Mybrother,mysisterandIareallgoodstudents.Myparentsareproudofus.Welcometomyhome!MyparentsareMikeandLucy.MymotherisadoctorinahospitalandmyfatherteachesEnglishinNo.26MiddleSchool.Theyworkveryhardeveryday.Paulismyolderbrother.HestudiesinNo.2MiddleSchool.Hestudiesverywellandhelikestomakefriends.Youcane-mailhim.ThelittlegirlismyyoungersisterGina.She’sonly9yearsoldbutsheisgoodattennis.Shewantstobeatennisstarinthefuture.1．PaulisLucy’s________.A．daughter B．son C．father D．mother2．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A．Ginahasasisterandabrother B．Mary’se-mailaddress(地址)is458503268@126.comC．PaulandMaryareinthesameschool D．Maryisgoodattennisandwantstobeatennisstar考點三詞句猜測題詞句猜測題是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞的意義。它是一種非常有用的閱讀技巧，通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點對詞義作出正確判斷，能提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力。常見的提問形式：①Theunderlinedword“shoot”inthe2ndparagraphmeans“______”.②Whatdoesthepronoun“This”inthelastparagraphreferto(所指)?③Theunderlinedword“compromise”probablymeans_________.④Whatdotheunderlinedwordsmean?⑤Whatdothewords“oncloudnine”inParagraph2probablymean?解題技巧：◆根據(jù)上下文猜測⑴根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞猜測表示因果關(guān)系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult…表示同義關(guān)系的：and,like,justas…表示反義關(guān)系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等⑵利用構(gòu)詞法猜測根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進行猜詞。例如care(小心)→careful(小心的)→carefully(小心地);write(寫)→rewrite(改寫)。根據(jù)“合成詞”猜測。例如school+bag→schoolbag；down+stairs→downstairs◆根據(jù)定義、釋義、舉例或復(fù)述猜詞常用be,becalled,mean或破折號或定語從句等來表示。例如：①Whydoesjogging--runningslowlybecomesopopular.（慢跑）②Porkisthemeatofpigs.（豬肉）③Janeiswarm-hearted,shelikestohelpothers.（熱心的）◆根據(jù)語境及生活常識猜測從文章中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解，推敲斟酌和最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。例如：①Chinaisourmotherland.（祖國）②Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.（育兒袋）③It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.（凍僵了的,麻木的）【鞏固練習(xí)】Samistwelve.He’sastudentinNo.5MiddleSchool.He’sinClass4,Grade7.TodayisWomen’sDay,andit’sSam’sbirthday.Hismotherandfatherhaveabirthdaypartyforhim.Youcanseelotsofdrinksandfoodonthetable.AndthegiftsfromSam’sfamilyareonthetabletoo.Saminviteshisgoodfriendstohisbirthdayparty.They’reLinda,Tom,JohnandLucy.LindabuysanicepenforSam.SheknowsSamloveswritingstories.ShewantsSamtowritemanygoodstories.TombuysawhitebaseballforSam.BaseballisSam’sfavouritesport,andhe’sreallygoodatit.JohnandLucybuyabigcakeforSam.TheysingHappyBirthdaytoSam.They’reallveryhappyattheparty.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Theunderlinedword“invites”inparagraph2probablymeans“________”inChinese.A．拜訪 B．邀請 C．推薦 D．閑談考點四主旨大意題此類題主要針對文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段），要求學(xué)生在理解全文后歸納短文要點，概括中心思路。正確答案是要根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全?！咀⒁狻窟@類題設(shè)置干擾項的特點：①可能屬文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)，但不是正確答案。②可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。③可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。常見的提問形式：①Accordingtothepassage,whatdidthewriterwanttotellus?②Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?③Fromthepassage,thewriterthinks_____.④Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?⑤Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?解題技巧：1、尋找主題句，從而抓住全段中心思想，常見位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在段尾或段中。2、概括全文，尋找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理歸納便是文章的中心思想。3、把握文章的體裁，分清文體，確定思維方向。4、體會作者的寫作意圖和所要表達的思想感情，辨清褒貶態(tài)度。干擾項：可能是文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)；可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論；可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。常見題型：1．主題型：What’sthemainideaofthispassage?（這篇文章的主要思想是什么？）Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?（這篇文章主要討論了什么？）What’sthetopicofthispassage?（這篇文章的主題是什么？）2．標(biāo)題型：What’sthebesttitle?（最佳的標(biāo)題是什么？）Thebesttitleforthistextis(totell)______.（這段文字的最佳標(biāo)題是_____)Themainpurposeofthistextis______.(這段文字的主要目的是？）3．目的型：Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthistextisto______.（作者寫這段文字的主要目的是？）What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?（這篇文章的主要目的是？）【鞏固練習(xí)】Rexwasastrongandsmartdog.Rexhadaspecialjob—hehelpedpeoplewhowerelostorhurt.Oneday,abigstorm(暴風(fēng)雨)hitthetown.Peoplewerestuckintheirhomes,andsomewereeventrappedoutside.Rexandhisfriend,Sarah,akindwomanwhotookcareofhim,knewtheyhadtohelp.Theyputontheirraincoatsandboots,andsetofftofindthoseinneed.Rexusedhisamazingnosetosniffoutpeoplewhowerelost.Heranthroughthestreets,barkingandwagginghistail,encouragingSarahtofollowhim.Soon,theyfoundanoldmanfelldownandcouldn’tgetup.Rexnudged(輕推)himwithhisnose.Sarahhelpedthemantohisfeet,andtheyallwalkedsafelytoashelter.RexandSarahkeptsearching,andsoontheyfoundalittlegirlcryinginthedark.Rexlaydownnexttoher.Sarahwrappedherinablanketandcarriedhertoasafeplace.ThankstoRex’sbravery(勇敢)andSarah’skindness,manypeopleweresavedthatday.Peopleinthetownweregratefulforthem,andRexbecameknownasatruehero.Helovedhisjobandalwaysdidhisbesttohelpthoseinneed.根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項。1．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Rexlovedplayingwithchildren.B．PeopleinthetownwereangrywithRexandSarah.C．Rex’sbraverymadehimbecomeahero.一、完形填空DearWangYi,Howareyou?Doyouknow1Iam?Iamintheschoolcomputerroom.Lookatthephoto!Yes,it’saschool!Thisismy2school—Hope(希望)MiddleSchool.It’sreallybig,isn’tit?Theschoolhasabigclassroombuildingwithfivefloors.Each(每一)floorhastenclassrooms.Allthe3haveclassesinthebuilding.Aredbuildingisnexttotheclassroombuilding.Itisour4.Howmanybooksarethereinthelibrary?I’m5.Idon’tknow.Thecomputerroomsareonthefirstfloor.Thereisa6behindtheclassroombuilding.It’snotbig,7Ilikeitverymuch.Youcanalways8meplaybasketballthereafterschool.Therearetwoschool9inourschool.Theschooldriversareverynice.Theytake(帶)10toschooleveryday.Ilikemynewschool.Whataboutyourschool?Doyoulikeit?Yours,LiuGang1．A．who B．what C．where D．how2．A．small B．same C．cold D．new3．A．workers B．nurses C．doctors D．students4．A．teachingbuilding B．a(chǎn)rtroom C．library D．sportshall5．A．sorry B．fine C．welcome D．hot6．A．playground B．musicroom C．dininghall D．sciencelab7．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．a(chǎn)fter D．or8．A．say B．write C．enjoy D．see9．A．trees B．rooms C．buses D．teachers10．A．us B．you C．it D．her二、閱讀理解ASophiais11yearsoldandshelivesinEngland.Sheusuallygetsupat6:45.Shehasashowerandgetsdressed.Thenshebrushesherteeth.Shealwaysrunsforanhour.Afterthat,shehasbreakfast.Thenshetakesherschoolbagandwalkstoschool.Classesstartat8:30andfinishat4:30.Sheusuallyhaslunchatschoolwithherclassmatesattwelveo’clock.HerbestfriendisAmy,andSophiaalwayssitsnexttoheratlunch.Theyusuallyeatrice,carrots,andmeat.Afterschool,shegoesbackhomeandusuallylistenstomusicandwatchesTVtorelax.Butbeforethat,shemustfinishherhomeworkfirst.At7:30,itistimefordinner.Shehasasandwichwithstrawberryjuice.Thensheusuallyreadsabook.Finally,shegoestobedataboutteno’clock.Butbeforethat,shebrushesherteeth.SuchisSophia’sdailyroutine.11．WhatdoesSophiadoafterrunning?A．Shehasashower. B．Shegetsdressed.C．Shebrushesherteeth. D．Shehasbreakfast.12．HowmanyhoursdoesSophiastayatschoolonschooldays?A．Nine. B．Ten. C．Six. D．Eight.13．WhattimedoesSophiahavelunch?A．At12:00. B．At11:30. C．At12:30. D．At11:00.14．WhatdoesSophiadoafterdinner?A．Shedrawspictures. B．Shereadsabook.C．ShewatchesTV. D．Sheplaysthepiano.15．PutSophia’sdailyroutineintothecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Shewalkstoschool.

b.Shehaslunchatschool.c.Shelistenstomusic.

d.Shegetsup.

e.Shedoesherhomework.A．d-c-a-b-e B．d-a-c-e-b C．d-a-b-e-c D．d-b-a-c-eBWelcometomyschool.16Thereare5buildingsinourschool.Thereisaclassroombuildinginthemiddleoftheschool.Onitsleftisasportsfield.17Ontherightoftheclassroombuildingarealibrary,adininghallandanofficebuilding.Thelibraryisatthefront.18I’minClass6,MissChen’sclass.SheismyChineseteacher.Herclassesareveryinteresting.19Thereare45studentsinmyclass,25boysand20girls.Youcanseeatelevisiononthewall.20Therearefourpicturesonthewall,too.A．Wealllikeherverymuch.B．AmapofChinaisnexttoit.C．Asciencebuildingisbehindthesportsfield.D．It’snotverybigbutit’sverynice.E．Thedininghallisbetweenthelibraryandtheofficebuilding.F．Therearesometreesinfrontofthesportsfield.Everyonehasafavouriteplaceinhisorherschool.一、閱讀理解配對閱讀。左欄是五位學(xué)生的需求，右欄是七位學(xué)科老師的介紹。請為每位學(xué)生選擇合適的老師。1Sallyisanicegirl.Shelikesallthesubjects.SheisgoodatEnglishbutshedoesn’tdowellinmath.Shethinksit’sdifficultforher.2Billyisanactive(好動的)boy.Helikesplayingsportsandheisinterestedinbasketball.Hewantstodowellinit.3Sueisaquietgirl.Shelikesartandmusicverymuchbutshecan’tdrawwell.Shewantstolearntodrawpictures.4AnnalikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoeswellinwritingbutshecan’tspeakitwell.Sheneedssomeonetohelpher.5Jackisacleverboy.Heisgoodatmanysubjects.Helikeshistorybestandwantstolearnmoreaboutit.Hereallyneedsagoodhistoryteachertohelphim.A．Mr.Whiteisaniceteacher.Heteacheshistoryatschool.Hisclassisinteresting.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreabouthistory,comeandstudywithMr.White.B．Mr.Wangisamathteacher.Heteachesmathverywell.Hemakesmatheasyandfun.Allhisstudentslikehimandhisclasses.C．MissBrownisayoungartteacher.Sheisverybeautifulandkind.Sheispopularwithherstudentsinherschool.D．MissZhuisapopularPEteacher.Sheisgoodatmanysports.Therearealwaysalotoffungamesinherclass.E.DoyouwanttolearnEnglishwell?DoyouwanttospeakEnglishwell?Mr.Blackcanhelpyou.HecanspeakEnglishwell.F.Mr.ZhangisaChineseteacher.HeteachesChineseverywell,butheisstrictwithhisstudents.G.Areyouinterestedinphysicsworld?MaybeMr.Chencanhelpyou.Heisapopularphysicsteacher.Heusuallytellssomeinterestingstoriesaboutphysicstohisstudents.二、任務(wù)型閱讀Areyouboredofordinarybirthdayparties?Whynottryanoutdoorone?Here’resomebirthdaypicnicideasforyou!★Youcanhavethepartyatapark,ashadyspot(陰涼處)byalake,orjustinyourownbackyard.★Thedecorations(裝飾品)andcakeforthepartycanbeplannedaroundatopic.Itcanbeafavoritemovie,abookorevenacolor.★L(fēng)ayoutpicnictableclothsandputabasketinthecenterofeachtablecloth.Fillthebasketswithsnacksanddrinks.★Flowersarealwaysahit!Youcanuseflowersandballoonstodecorateatreeswingandmakeitaprettyplace