2025屆高考英語二輪專題復習與測試專題三完形填空第一講八大技法破解完形填空

專題三完形填空[研高考·辨考向]項目卷別考試年份主題語境文章話題考查體裁篇章詞數(shù)考點統(tǒng)計動詞(短語)名詞形容詞副詞介詞(短語)連詞新高考全國卷Ⅰ2024人與自我設立適合自己的目標記敘文2328511002023人與社會善行義舉記敘文2275820002022人與自我野營奇遇記敘文228553110新高考全國卷Ⅱ2024人與自我定居意大利的原因記敘文2299510002023人與社會寵物公益航班記敘文2217341002022人與自我環(huán)球旅行記敘文201473100命題專家有話說1.文章特點：體裁以記敘文為主，偶有考查說明文和議論文；遵循“文章內容體現(xiàn)生活化”的原則，傳遞正能量。2．命題方式：文章詞數(shù)200～250；通常首句不設空；四個選項語法形式一致，A、B、C、D的答案個數(shù)均等或大致均等。3．命題原則：體現(xiàn)“突出詞匯語境化”的命題原則，側重考查考生在語篇中對詞匯上下文銜接關系、行文邏輯等的綜合運用能力，進而提升考生的思維能力。4．考查特征：主要考查實詞(名詞、動詞、形容詞及副詞)；綜合考查考生的英語基礎知識和語言運用能力，包括詞匯運用能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力。[抓規(guī)律·找依據(jù)]第一講八大技法破解完形填空技法一利用首句，明大意[題型分析]完形填空首句一般不設空，題眼往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭?？忌ㄟ^把握首句，可以確定文章的主題、背景、人物、時間、地點、事件等，從而把握文章的發(fā)展方向，達到順利“入題”的目的。[技法點撥][典例1](2024·浙江卷1月)Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful41.encounterwithalocalthatalltravelerslongfor......Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he53.showedmejusthowmuchonecangainfrom54withanopenmind,andawillingnessto55.engagewithlocalsfromallwalksoflife.54．A．traveling B．readingC．searching D．teaching[解析]本題可以利用“利用首句，明大意”的技法解答。根據(jù)下文中的“withanopenmind,andawillingness”再結合第一段的第一句可知，作者當時在乘火車旅行，所以此處指帶著開放的心態(tài)旅行。[答案]A技法二瞻前顧后，重語境[題型分析]完形填空著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進行分析、推理、判斷的能力。考生在做完形填空時，應仔細閱讀文章，留意文章的細節(jié)和措辭，注意上下文的呼應，對文章進行整體把握。因此，在做題時考生要有全局意識，開頭的題目要從下文中找答案，中間的題目要從上下文中查找信息，下文或最后的題目要從上文中找線索。[技法點撥][典例2](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend41amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning42.regularly,butthentwothingshappened.41．A．knew B．heldC．won D．quit[解析]本題可以利用“瞻前顧后，上掛下連”的技法解答。根據(jù)上文中的“I'vebeenmotivated...byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife.”和下文中的“Feelingmotivated”可知，此指是指一個社區(qū)朋友贏得了馬拉松比賽，作者從其成就中受到激勵。[答案]C技法三詞匯復現(xiàn)，定答案[題型分析]完形填空選項的設置，命題人往往通過原詞復現(xiàn)、同源詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)、上下義詞復現(xiàn)、代詞復現(xiàn)等方式重現(xiàn)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的詞匯。做題時，考生應在把握語篇、透析語境的前提下，留心選項中是否有與上下文中相對應的詞匯，運用詞匯復現(xiàn)技巧快速鎖定答案。[技法點撥][典例3]原詞復現(xiàn)(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmylife....First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas43.trainingfora“super,”referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobehonest,I44.hatedit!Betweenthegirlmakingmy45seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!45.A．advantage B．achievementC．contribution D．influence[解析]本題可以利用原詞復現(xiàn)解答。根據(jù)上文中的“I'vebeenmotivated...byotherfolks'achievement”可知，作者一直因為其他人的成就而得到或失去動力；又根據(jù)上文中的“a52.4-miledoublemarathon”和“15miles”可知，與那個女孩的高強度訓練相比，作者跑15英里的成就顯得很渺小。achievements與空處是原詞復現(xiàn)。[答案]B同源詞復現(xiàn)(2024·浙江卷1月)Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad45.attendedatwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob46highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily...Itwouldhavebeeneasyto51.relyonmyassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.46.A．building B．sweepingC．checking D．guarding[解析]本題可以利用同源詞復現(xiàn)解答。根據(jù)下文中的“thishighwaybuilder”可知，年輕人是公路建設者。builder與空處是同源詞復現(xiàn)。[答案]A同義詞復現(xiàn)(2024·全國甲卷)There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncross-leggedunderwaterandholdtheir52.breathwhiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.ThisissomethingI53.admire—herabilitytoopenher54underwaterandstillsitcomfortablyontheseabed.54.A．hands B．mouthC．eyes D．arms[解析]本題可以利用同義詞復現(xiàn)解答。根據(jù)上文中的“theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater...watchedallactiongoingonaroundthem”可知，她可以在水下睜開眼。watched與空處是同義詞復現(xiàn)。[答案]C上義詞復現(xiàn)(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The50.problem：TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI'dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I'dneverfacedsuch51.51.A．dangers B．eventsC．opponents D．challenges[解析]本題可以利用上義詞復現(xiàn)解答。根據(jù)上文中的beridinguphillformilesatatime可知，作者要一次騎好幾英里的上坡路，這對作者而言是挑戰(zhàn)。challenge是beridinguphillformilesatatime的上義詞。[答案]D技法四邏輯關系，解疑難[題型分析]語篇是由一些意義相關的句子根據(jù)一定的邏輯關系組織起來的語義整體。邏輯關系隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中，體現(xiàn)作者的寫作思路和篇章意義，是貫穿整篇文章的主線。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根據(jù)空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之間的邏輯關系，做出符合邏輯的判斷。[技法點撥][典例4]并列關系(2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)Theflightwas53，andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she54.flewwithKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.53.A．unnecessary B．unexpectedC．unavoidable D．uneventful[解析]本題可以利用并列關系解答。根據(jù)空格后出現(xiàn)的并列連詞and可判定前后語義應該是順承的，根據(jù)下文中的“Tiffywasagreatpassenger”可知，這次飛行是很順利的。[答案]D轉折關系(2024·浙江卷1月)Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad45.attendedatwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob46.buildinghighwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost47，however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.47.A．typical B．obviousC．natural D．remarkable[解析]本題可以利用轉折關系解答。根據(jù)本句中的however表示語義轉折關系可知，這個年輕人就讀兩年制職業(yè)學校后很快找到了修建高速公路的工作以幫助養(yǎng)家糊口，但是這個人每天在辛苦的體力勞動之后花幾個小時學習，由此可推知，這是最非凡的品質。[答案]D因果關系(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Betweenthegirlmakingmy45.achievementseemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI47cycling.Igotabikeandrodealot.47.A．gaveup B．wentonC．turnedto D．dealtwith[解析]本題可以利用因果關系解答。根據(jù)上文中的“theonly46.reasonI'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme”和空前的So可知，作者放棄了跑步，把目標轉向了騎自行車。下文中的“Igotabikeandrodealot.”也印證了此處。[答案]C技法五設身處地，揣情緒[題型分析]完形填空常選取具有教育意義的、充滿正能量的記敘文，講述作者本人經(jīng)歷的或作者所見所聞的某一件充滿愛、善良、誠實等正能量的事情，因此考生在做題時不應置身事外，而應融入文章中，站在作者或文章主人公的角度考慮并體會文意。[技法點撥][典例5](2023·新高考全國卷Ⅱ)InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.budget.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor42.transportationfortheirdog,Tiffy,and43.desperatelywantedtotakeherwiththem.Itjust44.happenedthatIwasplanninganotherPNPflightwithanotherpilot,Karen,who45.offeredtotakeTiffyfromKansasCitytoVirginia.WhatIwastodowasflytoTopekato46.pickupTiffy....Hewasso55andsentmeanicee-mailwithpictures.55．A．thankful B．generousC．proud D．sympathetic[解析]本題可以利用“設身處地，揣情緒”的技法解答。根據(jù)上文中對于發(fā)生事件的背景介紹，即“夫婦因預算緊張發(fā)帖求助運輸寵物，作者施以援手”和下文中的“sentmeanicee-mailwithpictures”可知，他對作者非常感激。[答案]A技法六生活常識，巧利用[題型分析]生活是一本書，世事洞明皆學問。大部分完形填空試題需要聯(lián)系上下文進行解答，而這其中有很多是考查生活常識的題目?？忌P心家事、國事、天下事，強大內心，順利解決現(xiàn)實生活中和試題里的一切問題。[技法點撥][典例6](2024·全國甲卷)There,theywouldwalkthroughdeepwater,sitdowncross-leggedunderwaterandholdtheir52whiletheywatchedallactiongoingonaroundthem.52．A．secret B．breathC．view D．tongue[解析]本題可以利用“生活常識，巧利用”的技法解答。根據(jù)生活常識可知，他們坐在水下，所以會屏住呼吸。[答案]B技法七熟詞生義，巧推斷[題型分析]一詞多義和熟詞生義是近幾年高考不斷出現(xiàn)的詞匯活用現(xiàn)象。考生在備考時應注意單詞本義以及根據(jù)詞根推斷單詞的生僻意義。[技法點撥][典例7](2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)AsforBailey,sheismore51.confusedaboutwhyheractisconsideredabig52.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn't53.leaveher，”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”52．A．game B．problemC．lesson D．deal[解析]本題可以利用“熟詞生義，巧推斷”的技法解答。根據(jù)下文貝利對記者說的話可知，貝利對其他人認為她的行為是一件大事很不理解。deal作為名詞，意為“大量、很多”，考生應該非常熟悉，但是deal還有一些不常見的含義，abigdeal意為“一件大/重要的事”。[答案]D技法八語法知識，助解題[題型分析]完形填空中語法知識的考查重點是復合句中的連接詞、介詞(短語)、“動詞＋介詞”短語、代詞，偶有涉及情態(tài)動詞。[技法點撥][典例8](2024·浙江卷1月)My43.newfriendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe44topracticemyChinese.44．A．chance B．adviceC．trouble D．right[解析]本題可以利用“語法知識，助解題”的技法解答。句意：我的新朋友幾乎不說英語，所以我很高興抓住這個機會來練習中文。根據(jù)句意及空處前后的tookthe_____topractice可知，此處構成固定搭配takethechancetodosth.，意為“抓住機會做某事”。[答案]ATest1體裁主題語境難度記敘文身殘志不殘★★★☆☆(2024·汕頭一模)EgyptiantabletennisplayerIbrahimHamadtoudidn'twinamedal,orevenscoreavictory.Buthisdeedhasbecomeoneofthemost1storiesattheTokyo2020ParalympicGames.Hamadtoulosthis2inatrainaccidentwhenhewasjust10yearsold.Butthatdidnot3hisloveofsports.Heusedtoplaybothfootballandtabletennis.Aftertheaccident,hefeltlostandstayed4athomeforthreeyears.Thenhewentbacktofootball,butfootballwastoo5forhim.Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell!Afterseveral6，hefoundthathecouldplaytabletenniswithhismouth.Ittookhimnearlyayearof7toholdtheracket(球拍)withhismouthandmakethe8withhisfeet.HefirstcompetedattheRioParalympics,andwasfinallyabletofulfillhislifelong9ofcompetinginParalympics.Helosthisfirsttwomatches,butdid10therespectofotherplayerslikeDavidWetherill.“He'salegendintabletennis，”saidWetherill.“IknowIwontodaybutIthinkhehas11farmoreskillsthanIhave.”InTokyo,helosttoaChineseplayerandaplayerfromR．O.Korea,12allthecompetitionsathissecondParalympics.However,hehasa(n)13fortheworldaboutwhatdisabilityreallymeans,inhiseyes.“Iwanttotelleverybodythatnothingis14，andeverybodyshouldworkhardforwhatyouloveandwhatyouthinkisgoodforyourself，”hesaid.“The15isnotinarmsorlegs;itisnottosticktowhateveryouwouldliketodo.”【語篇解讀】文章通過哈馬托的勵志故事告訴我們：如果你有堅強的意志力，你就能克服任何困難，并在生活中取得成就。1．A．interesting B．inspiringC．depressing D．surprisingB根據(jù)下文“Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell！”以及“Ittookhimnearlyayearof_____toholdtheracketwithhismouthandmakethe_____withhisfeet.”可知，他的事跡成為2020年東京殘奧會的最勵志的(inspiring)故事之一。2．A．parents B．legsC．arms D．friendsC根據(jù)下文“Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell！”可知，他失去了雙臂(arm)。3．A．reduce B．beatC．lose D．fallA根據(jù)下文“Thenhewentbacktofootball”可知，身體的缺陷并未減少(reduce)他對運動的熱愛。4．A．inshape B．heldupC．shutup D．incomfortC根據(jù)上文“Aftertheaccident,hefeltlost”可知，他感到很失落并把自己關(shutup)在家里長達三年。5．A．intense B．tiringC．noisy D．dangerousD根據(jù)下文“Withnoarms,hecouldn'tprotecthimselfwhenhefell！”可知，足球對沒有雙臂的他來說很危險(dangerous)。6．A．thoughts B．matchesC．injuries D．attemptsD根據(jù)下文“hefoundthathecouldplaytabletenniswithhismouth”可知，幾次嘗試(attempt)后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以用嘴打乒乓球。7．A．practice B．failureC．waiting D．challengeA根據(jù)下文holdtheracketwithhismouth可知，他練習(practice)了將近一年，才能用嘴握拍。8．A．start B．hitC．serve D．ballC根據(jù)上文Withnoarms以及holdtheracketwithhismouth可知，他沒有雙臂，只能用嘴握拍，用腳發(fā)球(serve)。9．A．chance B．journeyC．road D．dreamD根據(jù)下文competinginParalympics可知，參加殘奧會是他的夢想(dream)。10．A．earn B．payC．deserve D．giveA根據(jù)下文“He'salegendintabletennis”可知，他雖然比賽失敗，但是贏得(earn)了其他球員的尊重。11．A．developed B．adoptedC．demonstrated D．extendedC根據(jù)下文“farmoreskillsthanIhave”可知，此處指哈馬托在比賽中展示(demonstrate)的球技。12．A．abandoning B．endingC．winning D．joiningB根據(jù)上文“InTokyo,helosttoaChineseplayerandaplayerfromR．O.Korea”可知，他輸給了一名中國球員和一名韓國球員，結束(end)了比賽。13．A．example B．messageC．quote D．lessonB根據(jù)下文“whatdisabilityreallymeans”可知，他向世界傳遞了“殘疾意味著什么”的信息(message)。14．A．unfortunate B．comfortableC．meaningful D．impossibleD根據(jù)上文“Ittookhimnearlyayearof_____toholdtheracketwithhismouthandmakethe_____withhisfeet.”可知，他想告訴所有人沒有什么是不可能的(impossible)。15．A．disability B．pityC．suffering D．beliefA根據(jù)下文notinarmsorlegs可知，殘疾(disability)不在于胳膊或腿，而是不堅持。Test2體裁主題語境難度夾敘夾議文家庭的影響★★★☆☆(2024·湖北5月聯(lián)考)Eachnewgenerationlearnsfromitselders.I'llneverforgetonemomentinmychildhood.WhenIwaseightyearsold,I1adiamondpin(胸針)fromagirlinmydanceclass.Myfather,spottingtheshinyonehehadnot2，foundmeout.Hesatmedownonthefloorofourstudyand3whywhatIhaddonewaswrong.HeworriedthatifIbecameathief,Iwouldcometoabadend.Howstealingcutthedelicatebondsof4thatconnectedmewiththosearoundme.Morethanthreedecadeson,thelessonhas5：Idon'tfeeltempted(誘惑)tocutinlineorstealhoteltowels.6leavingastorewearingthetaggedsunglassesI'dtriedongavemethe7formonths.Thoughmychildhoodmemoriesare8，suchmomentsstandout,whenmyparentspassedonvaluestheyhopedI'd9.Theysuppliedastandardof10：totakesomeoneelse'sperspective,to11mymomentarygreedforthegreatergood.Suchimportant12aretherawmaterialeachgenerationusestoformthenext.Yettherangeoffactorsshapingeachgenerationismuch13thanitoncewas.Eldergenerationsstill14youngeronesindeepways,andthatmoulding(塑造)begins,withinthe15，asitalwayshas.【語篇解讀】文章通過講述作者小時候偷胸針被父親教育的故事，引出更深刻的話題：家庭的影響深遠，每一代人都會從上一代中學到很多。1．A．received B．borrowedC．stole D．boughtC根據(jù)下文“Heworriedthat...thatconnectedmewiththosearoundme.”可知，作者偷(steal)了一枚胸針。2．A．paidfor B．dealtwithC．gaveout D．heardofA根據(jù)下文“Heworriedthat...thatconnectedmewiththosearoundme.”可知，這枚胸針是作者偷的，父親并沒有為它付錢(payfor)。3．A．warned B．repliedC．complained D．explainedD根據(jù)下文“whywhatIhaddonewaswrong”可知，父親在向作者解釋(explain)。4．A．strength B．trustC．friendship D．loveB根據(jù)上文“HeworriedthatifIbecameathief,Iwouldcometoabadend.”及常識可知，偷竊會讓人失去他人的信任(trust)。5．A．stuck B．begunC．disappeared D．forgottenA根據(jù)上文“Eachnewgenerati