紅寶書(shū)20基礎(chǔ)詞20第三節(jié)20練習(xí)題及答案詳解

考研英語(yǔ)詞匯（必考詞+基礎(chǔ)詞+超綱詞）練習(xí)題及答案詳解基礎(chǔ)詞第三節(jié)（Unit15——Unit21；第281頁(yè)——329頁(yè)）練習(xí)一：詞匯與搭配1.arrivalattheTownHall,theQueenwaswelomedbytheLodMayor.2．TheWeatherBureauhasrepeatedlyadvisedthepeopletotakeeveryprecautionthecomingtyphoon.3．Theweatherwasblamedtheexceptionallypoorharvest.4.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25thhonorofthebirthofJesusChrist5．Beforethestudentssetoff,theyspentmuchtimesettingalimittheexpensesofthetrip.7．Thedoctortoldthepatientthathewasdefinitelythemendandcouldgetupsoon.8．Thestoryyouhavejusttoldbringsmindastrangethingthatoncehappenedtome.9．Cannedfoodsarepopularhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.．0thcenturyscientists.13．Thepoliceraidedthenightclubearlythismorningandplacedeverybodyarrest.練習(xí)二：詞匯辨析1．She__innotpackingaraincoatforhertriptoEngland.[A]blundered[B]errored[C]mistook[D]misjudged2．Theyhadplannedto_thebridgebuttheirbombsfailedto__._[A]blowup…explode[B]explode…blowup[C]blowup…erupt[D]explode…burst3．Thedoctoriscaughtinatellhispatientthetruth.[A]predicament[B]dilemma[C]puzzle[D]bewildermentbecausehedoesnotknowwhetherheshouldbecausehedoesnotknowwhetherheshould4．Highintheskya__ofwildgeesewereflyingsouthward.[A]flock[B]swarm[C]pack[D]herd5．Herunsthreemileseverymorning;that’swhyhe’sso.[A]well[B]healthy[C]sound[D]fit6．Spacescientistsbelievethattheblackholeis,andwoulddraweverything,evenlight,towarditscenter.[A]hollow[B]vacant[C]empty[D]blank7．Attheendofthematchthewentwildwithexcitement.[A]audience[B]viewers[C]listeners[D]spectators8．Thetoymakerproducesacopyofthespacestation,exactineverydetail.[A]minimal[B]minimum[C]miniature[D]minor9．Freemedicaltreatmentinthiscountrycoverssicknessofmindaswellassicknesses.[A]normal[B]regular[C]average[D]ordinary10．ofnewspaperarepiledalongthewallonbothsidesofthecorridor,leavingonlyanarrowpathforonetowalkthrough.[A]Stacks[B]Heaps[C]Loaves[D]Rolls11．Severalguestswerewaitingintheforthefrontdoortoopen.[A]porch[B]vent[C]inlet[D]entry12．Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquiteasmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.[A]respectful[B]respected[C]respectable[D]respective13．ThecityatthemouthoftheNewcastleRiver.[A]locates[B]situates[C]remains[D]lies14．AlthoughaDemocrat,heoftenthepartyline.[A]deviatesaway[B]deviatesfrom[C]straysaway[D]straysfrom練習(xí)三：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用1．Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre‐electronicmediumfollowinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandintheoftheperiodical.[A]process[B]company[C]light[D]form2．Thesewerecalled“canals”becausetheylookedthesameascanalsonearththatareviewedfromanairplane.However,scientistsarenowcertainthattheMartianphenomenaarereallynotcanals.Thephotographstakenfromspace‐shipshavehelpedustothetruthabouttheMartia“canals”.[A]find[B]expose[C]uncover[D]discover3．AsknowledgeengineerHollyWellingputit,“It’llbelikehavingaroomfulofexperts,allatyourcommand.”Welling,togetherwithGeneE.Clerc,anexpertfromProductionPlanning,istheExpertMachineSelectorSystem.[A]developing[B]employing[C]appreciating[D]adopting4．Proprietorsencouragedthis,“forthepleasureofthecustomersandforthebenefitoftheirdigestion”!Afternoon“tangoteas”everywhere.Eveninprivatehouses,LatinAmericamusicwasplayedforthetango,asmoreandmorepeopleownedgramophones.[A]sprangout[B]sprangforth[C]sprangup[D]sprangbacked,however,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent.[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized6．Thewartimeeconomymeantthatfewnewschoolswerebuiltbetween1940and1945.Moreover,duringthewarandintheboomtimesthat,largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionforbetter‐payingjobselsewhereintheeconomy.[A]isfollowing[B]isfollowed[C]followed[D]following7．Thismayalsoexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenotawareoftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwenewsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice8．OncelimitedseveralhundredaddictscentredinLondon.HeroinusehasnowbecomesocommoninschoolyardsandneighborhoodsthroughoutBritainthatPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcherhaswarnedthatitthreatensto“undermineawholegeneration”.[A]to[B]for[C]among[D]on9．“It’ssuchaproblemtoontheright,isn’tit?”mywifesaid.“Yes,ifonlyIhadhadafewlessonsforpractice,”Ireplied.“Youhadbettergocarefullyonthewayhome,”mywifesaid.“You’dbesorryifyouhadanaccidentonthefirstday,wouldn’tyou?”[A]remindtodrive[B]reminddriving[C]remembertodrive[D]rememberdriving10．Inthebeginningpeoplebelievedthatbecausemeteoritesfellfromtheheavens,theywereeithergodsthemselvesorfromthegods.Thusthemorecivilizedofearlymencarefullykeptthemeteorites,drapingthemincostlylinensandanointingthemwithoil.[A]messengers[B]passengers[C]messages[D]passages11．Hehaswritten(inFrench)overtwenty‐fivebooksand150articlesthatareagoldofideasaboutthedevelopmentofachild’sintellect.AbouthalfthebooksandafewofthearticleshavebeentranslatedintoEnglish,buthisstyleofwritingandthehighlytechnicalvocabularymakehimaverydifficultauthortoreadinanylanguage.[A]pole[B]miner[C]pillar[D]mine12．Naturalfoodsarevegetables,fruitandgrainwhichhavebeengrowninsoilthatisrichinorganicmatter.Insimpleterms,thismeansthatthesoilhasbeen________byunusedvegetablematter,whichprovidesitwithvitaminsandminerals.Thisinitselfisanaturalprocesscomparedwiththeuseofchemicalsandfertilizers,themainpurposeofwhichistoincreasetheamount,butnotthequalityoffoodsgrownincommercialfarmingareas.[A]flourished[B]nourished[C]furnished[D]thrived13．Whenanairlineequippeditselfwithjets,forexample,itscostsandthereforeairfareswouldgoup,butthenewplanesmeantsuchanimprovementthatthehighercostwasjustified.Anewcarorwireless,washingmachine,electrickettlemadelifesomuchmorecomfortablethantheoldonethatthehighcostofreplacementwasamply.[A]resign[B]replace[C]regain[D]repay14．RangoonandMandalay,theonlylargecities,boastnotasingleskyscraper,andintheentirecountrytherearejustahandfulofelevatorsandoneescalator,whichisboardedup.For27years,Burmahasisolatedintheworld,ruledbyagovernmentwithfairlyconservativeviewsoftheworld.Peoplefeeltheirclosestconnectionsathome,orinsettingwheretheyfeelathome—withoneorafewpeopletheyfeelclosewithandcomfortableabout—inotherwords,duringprivatespeaking.[A]set[B]stood[C]kept[D]maintained15．TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthat_theywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago.[A]while[B]despite[C]when[D]since練習(xí)四：語(yǔ)法與詞匯1．TheMayorandCorporationofHamelinwere________forsomewayofriddingthetownofrats.A.attheirwit’sendB.attheirwitsendC.intheirwit’sendD.fortheirwitsend2．Heseemstobe________enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.A.radiantB.conscientiousC.conspicuousD.energetic3．Onthiscloudlesssummermorningeveryleafandbladeofgrasswassparkingwith______.A.sprayB.raindropsC.frostD.dew4．Thecompanydecidedto______computerization.A.putinforB.goinforC.takeinD.putin5．You'llfindthatjobverydifficult.You’ll________someverytrickyproblems.A.runupagainstB.runoverC.runthroughD.runoutof6．Theyalways________alargesupplyoftinnedfoodinwinterincasetheyaresnowedup.A.layinB.layoffC.laydownD.layout7．Therehasbeenastrongadvertising________totryandgetpeopletogiveupsmoking.A.activityB.eventC.campaignD.occasion8．Itistruethat_______awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.A.multiplyingB.breedingC.budgetD.entopic9．TheHudsonRiverSchoolwasthenameofthefirstgroupofAmericanartiststodevelopacharacteristicstyleof_______painting.A.territoryB.landscapeC.groundworkD.region10．Manytouristswere_______bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted11．Inordertomaintainphysicalwell‐being,apersonshouldeat_______foodandgetsufficientexercise.A.freshB.wholesomeC.well‐cookedD.delicious答案及詳解練習(xí)一1．onarrivalat/in 意為“在到達(dá)……時(shí)”，為固定搭配。2．takeprecautionagainst 是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“采取預(yù)防措施”。3．blame(sb.)forsth.“因……責(zé)備，責(zé)怪，埋怨（某人）”，還可以說(shuō)blamesth.on(sb.)“把……怪到（某人）頭上”。blame 作名詞用時(shí)可以說(shuō)put/laytheblameonsb.forsth.“把……怪到某人頭上”。4．inhonorof“向……表示敬意，為慶祝，為紀(jì)念”，在此句中表示“為了慶祝耶穌誕生”。5．setalimitto“對(duì)……加以限制”是固定搭配。句意：在學(xué)生們出發(fā)前，他們花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間定出旅行消費(fèi)的限度。limit的其他搭配：withoutlimit“無(wú)限地”；tothelimit“到最大限度”。6．a(chǎn)tthemercyof(=inthepowerof)“任……擺布，在……支配下”。7．onthemend(=intheprocessofrecovering)“好轉(zhuǎn)，在康復(fù)中”，如：Hehadbeenseriouslyill,butheisnowonthemend. 他病得很重，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)。8．bring(orcall)tomind(=remember)“使……回想起”，如：Icannotbringhisnametomind.我想不起他的名字了。9．bepopularwith“受……歡迎，為……所喜愛(ài)”。句意：罐頭食品深受家庭主婦歡迎，因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)所需時(shí)間很少。又如：MickeyMousewasaspopularwithchildrenasCoca-Cola.“米老鼠”同“可口可樂(lè)”一樣受到孩子們的喜愛(ài)。10．berepresentativeof“是……的特點(diǎn)”。11．resultfrom“來(lái)自于，產(chǎn)生于，是……的結(jié)果”。12．underrepair“在修理中”。注意不能填in，inrepair, 意為“修好的”。（a）Thisbuildingisinrepair. 這一幢樓已修好了。（b）Thisbuildingisunderrepair. 這一幢樓在修理中。13．pacesb.underarrest 表示“逮捕某人”，為固定搭配。練習(xí)二1．blunder(因無(wú)知、疏忽、粗心等) 犯（大）錯(cuò)誤。[B]error為名詞，不是動(dòng)詞，指判斷、計(jì)算或行為上的“錯(cuò)誤”，也可指智力或道義上的錯(cuò)誤。[C]mistake“誤解，誤會(huì)，低估，弄錯(cuò)”，如：YoumistookwhenyouthoughtIlaughedatyou.[D]misjudge“錯(cuò)誤地判斷或估計(jì)”，如：Hefailedbecausehehadmisjudgedthedistance.2．blowup 用來(lái)指人“炸毀”樓房等物體，而explode用于炸彈、鍋爐、油箱等“爆炸”，或“使（炸彈等）爆炸”；burst 指血管等“爆裂”，氣球等“爆炸”；erupt專指火山“爆發(fā)”。3．dilemma指處于一種進(jìn)退兩難的境地。[A]predicament“困境，尷尬境地”；[C]puzzle指由于不能理解某事而困惑不解；[D]bewilderment不僅含有困惑不解之意，而且更強(qiáng)調(diào)不知所措。4．蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)和動(dòng)物的“群”譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它們所指的類屬范圍：aflockof 一群（鳥(niǎo)、羊）aschoolof 一群（魚(yú)）aherdof 一群（牛、豬、象）apackof 一群（犬、狼）aswarmof 一群（蜂、蚊、蟻、飛蟲(chóng)）5．fit“健康的，強(qiáng)健的”，由“適合”引申而來(lái)，指因經(jīng)常鍛煉而使體形適中。[A]well“健康”，指身體一時(shí)的好轉(zhuǎn)；[B]healthy“健康的”，指身體無(wú)疾??；[C]sound比healthy更強(qiáng)調(diào)非常健康，沒(méi)有任何疾病。6．[B]vacant“空的，未被占據(jù)的”，如一份工作、火車上的廁所無(wú)人等；[C]empty“空的，沒(méi)（盛）……的”；[D]blank“空白的，空著的”，如：ablanksheerofpaper一張空白的紙。7．spectator特指觀看體育運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽等的觀眾。句意：比賽結(jié)束時(shí)，觀眾們激動(dòng)得發(fā)狂。[A]audience通常指音樂(lè)會(huì)、戲劇、電影、電視等的觀眾、聽(tīng)眾；[B]viewer主要是指電視觀眾；[C]listener指聽(tīng)者，特 別是收音機(jī)的聽(tīng)眾。8．題意為：那個(gè)玩具制作公司生產(chǎn)了一種太空站的微縮模型，和真的完全一樣。miniature指“微縮的，小型的”，aminiaturecopy就是“微型件”。[A]minima意為“最小的，盡可能少的”，[B]minimum也是“最小的，最低的”，[D]minor指“次要的，較小的”。9． 句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的免費(fèi)治療包括精神病和一般的疾病。[A]normal“正常的，平常的”，如：Anormalheartbeatsaroundseventy-sixtimesaminute正常的心跳是每分鐘 76 次。[B]regular“正常的，常規(guī)的”，相當(dāng)于 notvaryingorhappeningeverytime，如：Doyouwanttheregularsizeorthisbigone?你要一般尺寸 的，還是這個(gè)大號(hào)的？[C]average“平常的，普通的，平均的”，如：asheetofpaperofaveragethickness一張普通厚度的紙。10．pile,stack,heap都指“堆”。pile通常指把同種類的東西比較整齊地堆起來(lái)，是一般性的用語(yǔ)；[A]s是指將同種類且同樣大小的東西整齊地堆在一起，常譯為“累”；heap指不論種類，雜亂地堆放。11．句意：幾位客人正在門廊里等著開(kāi)前門。porch指“門廊”，符合題意。[B]vent指“通風(fēng)口，出氣孔”，[C]inlet指“入口，進(jìn)口”，[D]entry指“入口，大門”。12．respectable“可敬的；值得尊敬的”，有被動(dòng)含義。句意：由于經(jīng)常醉酒唱歌吵醒人，他的鄰居并不認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)可敬的人。[A]respectful“恭敬的；尊敬人的”，指主動(dòng)性的“尊敬他人”的意思；[B]respected“受尊敬的”，指年長(zhǎng)的人或具有權(quán)威性；[D]respective“各自的；各個(gè)的”。13．lie作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“位于”。[A]locate 和[B]situate都是及物動(dòng)詞，只用 besituated/located 這個(gè)形式表示“位于”，如：Ouruniversityissituated/locatedinthesuburbs. 我們大學(xué)位于郊外。[C]remain雖為不及物動(dòng)詞，但不符合句意。14．stray和deviate都可以與from連用表示偏離，但是stray主要是指沒(méi)有呆在應(yīng)該停留的地方，指游蕩或誤入歧途等；指思想偏離時(shí)，通常指分心，對(duì)事情不能專注。deviate強(qiáng)調(diào)某人的思想、言行等由于經(jīng)常變化以至于與過(guò)去的思想言行或大多數(shù)人所接受你應(yīng)該持有的思想言行完全不同。句意：盡管他是民主黨人，但仍然經(jīng)常違背黨的路線。練習(xí)三1．此未知項(xiàng)與已知線索inthewakeof(thepamphletandthebook)之間由一個(gè)and連接，可見(jiàn)intheof(theperiodical)與之是同義的成分對(duì)應(yīng)。只有inthecompany“伴隨，一同”符合要求。2．discover用于抽象意義的事物，而find用于實(shí)物。expose與uncover則含義不符。3． 智能工程師威林和生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)部專家克萊克，不是在“使用”、“欣賞”和“采用”一種“專家機(jī)器選擇系統(tǒng)”，而是在研制它，故選[A]。4．springup“出現(xiàn)”，[A]springout“突然出現(xiàn)（有意或無(wú)意嚇人一跳）”；[B]springforth“突然長(zhǎng)出來(lái)”；[D]springback“彈回”。5． 根據(jù)時(shí)間關(guān)系推斷，20世紀(jì)60年代集成電路的發(fā)明應(yīng)該是在電子計(jì)算機(jī)的使用之后，因此應(yīng)該選followedby。6．此題考查follow的用法，在后一句中“that”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾boomtimes，其結(jié)構(gòu)本應(yīng)為theboomtimesfollowedthewar，所以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即可，因此[B]是錯(cuò)誤的。[A]時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤；[D]是一個(gè)分詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)從句謂語(yǔ)，所以[C]是正確答案。7． 句意：我們對(duì)別人家中不熟悉的氣味是敏感的，也就是我們會(huì)注意到這些味道。能表達(dá)這個(gè)意思的只有[D]notice一詞，其他各選項(xiàng)[A]tolerate“忍受，容忍”，[B]repel“使……不愉快，抵制”，[C]neglect“忽 視，疏忽”都與上下文意思不符。8． 此處limit一詞一般要求后面接to，表示限制到什么程度。如：Wemustlimitourselvestoonecakeeach.我們必須限定自己一個(gè)人一塊蛋糕。9． 因?yàn)閞ememberdoingsth. 是固定搭配，表示“記得做過(guò)某事”。10． 空白處前面有連詞or，表明此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)與gods并列的表示人的詞語(yǔ)，這樣排除掉[C]message和[D]passage，余下的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[B]passenger“乘客”，不妥。只有[A]messenger“使者”正確。11．goldmine是固定說(shuō)法，“金山，寶庫(kù)”。第一句意為“皮亞杰的著作和文章是思想的寶庫(kù)”。12． 根據(jù)上下文含義可知，[B]nourish（滋養(yǎng)）為正確答案。[A]flourish“繁榮，興盛”；[C]furnish“供應(yīng)，裝備