29 日本福島核電站核污水排放和核能利用 -2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專(zhuān)練

29日本福島核電站核污水排放和核能利用2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專(zhuān)練背景資料：日本決定核污染水2023年春夏排海2023-01-1315:54·\t"/article/7188041981946724897/_blank"光明網(wǎng)據(jù)日本廣播協(xié)會(huì)電視臺(tái)報(bào)道，日本政府13日召開(kāi)有關(guān)處理福島核事故核污染水的相關(guān)閣僚會(huì)議，會(huì)議確認(rèn)將于今年春夏期間開(kāi)始排放福島第一核電站核污染水。據(jù)悉，東京電力公司計(jì)劃從臨海的福島第一核電站向海中修建一個(gè)長(zhǎng)約1公里的海底隧道，向太平洋排放處理稀釋后的所謂“放射性物質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)”的核污染水。（中新社記者朱晨曦）來(lái)源：國(guó)是直通車(chē)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—China’sthird-generationnuclear(核能)technologyHuanglongOnewasputintouse.Doyouknow________?—Ofcourse.It’smainlyaboutsafety.TheHuanglongOnereactor(反應(yīng)堆)hasadouble-layeredshell(雙層安全殼).A．what’snewaboutthistechnologyB．howthenucleartechnologyworksC．howlongittakestoresearchthetechnology【答案】A【詳解】句意：——中國(guó)的第三代核能技術(shù)黃龍一號(hào)投入使用中。你知道這項(xiàng)技術(shù)新的地方是什么嗎？——當(dāng)然，它主要是安全問(wèn)題。黃龍一號(hào)的反應(yīng)堆有一個(gè)雙層安全殼?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句的用法。what’snewaboutthistechnology這項(xiàng)技術(shù)新的地方是什么；howthenucleartechnologyworks核能技術(shù)是如何工作的；howlongittakestoresearchthetechnology研究這項(xiàng)技術(shù)花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。根據(jù)答句“It’smainlyaboutsafety.TheHuanglongOnereactor(反應(yīng)堆)hasadouble-layeredshell(雙層安全殼).”可知，問(wèn)句詢(xún)問(wèn)你知道這項(xiàng)技術(shù)新的地方是什么嗎。故選A。2．Itisreportedthat______peoplewerekilledinnuclear(核)accidentinJapan.A．twohundreds B．twohundredsofC．hundredof D．hundredsof【答案】D【解析】試題短文大意：句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，成百的人在日本死于核事故。Hundred是不可數(shù)名詞。不能加s，hundredsof表示成百的，根據(jù)句意，故選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查數(shù)詞的用法。3．Wehopescientistswillwaystosolvethenuclearpollution(核污染)happenedinJapan.A．bemadeofB．cheerupC．giveupD．comeupwith【答案】D【解析】試題短文大意：句意：我們希望科學(xué)家會(huì)想出發(fā)生在日本的核污染問(wèn)題。A.bemadeof由……制成；B.cheerup是振奮起來(lái)；C.giveup放棄；D.comeupwith想出。結(jié)合句意，故選D考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。4．—MustwestoptheJapanesegovernmentdischargingnuclearwastewater(排放核污水)intothePacificOcean?—________.Becauseeveryoneshouldprotectourearthanditisbad________ustoeatthepollutedseafoodanddrinkthewastewater.A．Yes,wecan;of B．No,wemustn’t;of C．Yes,wemust;for D．No,weneedn’t;for【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我們必須阻止日本政府向太平洋排放核污水嗎？——是的，我們必須。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都應(yīng)該保護(hù)我們的地球，吃污染的海鮮和喝廢水對(duì)我們是不好的?？疾橐话阋蓡?wèn)句及介詞用法。根據(jù)“MustwestoptheJapanesegovernmentdischargingnuclearwastewaterintothePacificOcean”可知，對(duì)于日本政府向太平洋排放核廢料這個(gè)行為，我們是必須要阻止的，用must表示“必須”。第二個(gè)空是固定搭配：bebadfor“對(duì)……有害”，故選C。5．—DoyouknowabouttheJapanesenuclearcrisis(核危機(jī))?—Yes.Iknow.A．howaretheydealingwithit B．whatithascausedC．howterriblewasit D．howlongwillitlast【答案】B【解析】本題know后跟的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該用陳述順序，故選B,ACD都是疑問(wèn)順序。6．—It’ssaidthatnuclearpowerwillbeusedtoproduceelectricityinXianning.—However,nuclearpower_________beverydangerous.A．can B．need C．must D．should【答案】A【詳解】句意：——據(jù)說(shuō)咸寧將利用核能發(fā)電?！欢?，核能源可能非常危險(xiǎn)?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。can可能；need需要；must必須；should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)however表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，however前表示在咸寧將使用核能源來(lái)發(fā)電，因此however后表示核能源可能非常危險(xiǎn)，此處使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示推測(cè)。故選A。7．Intheletter,Einsteinaskedpeopletonuclearweapons.A．giveoff B．giveback C．giveup D．giveout【答案】C【詳解】句意：在信里，愛(ài)因斯坦呼吁人們放棄核武器。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A.giveoff釋放、發(fā)出（氣味、熱量）；B.giveback歸還、退還；C.giveup放棄；D.giveout分發(fā)、散發(fā)。根據(jù)句意核武器要放棄。故選C。8．—IamshockedbyJapan’splantodump（傾倒）nuclearwaterintothePacificOcean!—SoamI.Asthesayinggoes,__________.A．liketree,likefruit B．harmset,harmget C．outofsight,outofmind【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我對(duì)日本向太平洋傾倒核水的計(jì)劃感到震驚！——我也是。俗話說(shuō)，害人反害己?？疾槌ＷR(shí)和習(xí)語(yǔ)。liketree,likefruit羊毛出在羊身上；harmset,harmget害人反害己；outofsight,outofmind眼不見(jiàn)，心不煩。根據(jù)“IamshockedbyJapan’splantodump（傾倒）nuclearwaterintothePacificOcean”可知，日本向太平洋傾倒核水的行為既會(huì)傷害別的國(guó)家也會(huì)傷害自己，故選B。二、完型填空Greenpeaceisaglobal(全球的)environmentalorganizationthathasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.Itisknownforitsdirect9intheworld.Andithasmadethepublicknowenvironmentalproblems.In1995,aGreenpeaceshipstoppedaFrenchnuclearweapon(核武器)test.Greenpeacehasalsorepeatedlysentshipsto10whales(鯨魚(yú))fromJapanesewhalers,whokillwhalesfortheirmeatwhichisusedatexpensiverestaurants.TheGreenpeace11havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuiltandhavefoughtagainstbigcompaniesandgovernmentsthataredestroyingtherainforestsandotherareaswitha12environment.Greenpeacepayscloseattentiontomanyenvironmentalproblems:whaling,globalwarming,cleanenergyandnuclearpower.Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin13tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.Theyusesmallboatstotrytostopthekillingofwhales.Theyalso14themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown.Theysaythattheyaretryingtoprotecttheenvironmentforallofusandforfuturegeneration.15theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.Theorganization16moneyfromgovernments,politicalpartiesorcompaniesinordertoavoidtheirinfluence.Thepeoplewho17Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand18futureforall.PeoplefromallwalksoflifecometogetherundertheGreenpeaceflagtospendtheirfreetimefightingfortheenvironment.9．A．plans B．methods C．a(chǎn)ctions D．tasks10．A．prepare B．protect C．provide D．prevent11．A．ships B．officers C．companies D．members12．A．pleasant B．natural C．special D．wet13．A．danger B．a(chǎn)ction C．control D．fear14．A．hold B．keep C．hang D．tie15．A．Whether B．Although C．Because D．Unless16．A．refuses B．requires C．a(chǎn)ccepts D．borrows17．A．setup B．putup C．makeup D．openup18．A．cheerful B．meaningful C．hopeful D．peaceful【短文大意】綠色和平組織是一個(gè)國(guó)際性的環(huán)境保護(hù)組織，在1995年的時(shí)候，綠色和平組織阻止了法國(guó)的一次核試驗(yàn)。這個(gè)組織還不斷的阻止日本的捕鯨船捕鯨，為了阻止砍伐森林的人砍伐森林，他們把自己綁在樹(shù)上。這個(gè)組織得到了世界各地人們的認(rèn)可，現(xiàn)在世界各地的人們都意識(shí)到了保護(hù)環(huán)境的意義?！敬鸢附馕觥?．句意：它以其在世界上的直接行動(dòng)而聞名。考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.plans計(jì)劃；B.methods方法；C.actions行動(dòng)；D.tasks任務(wù)。根據(jù)上文hasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.阻止公司或政府做一些不利于環(huán)境的事情，因此可知這句話的意思是“這個(gè)組織的因其直接的行動(dòng)聞名全球”，故答案選C。10．句意：綠色和平組織還多次派遣船只保護(hù)鯨魚(yú)不受日本捕鯨者的侵害?？疾閯?dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.prepare準(zhǔn)備；B.protect保護(hù)，經(jīng)常用于結(jié)構(gòu)“protect…from…”意思“保護(hù)…免受…破壞”；C.provide提供；D.prevent阻止、防止。根據(jù)whales(鯨魚(yú))fromJapanesewhalers,可知，這句話的意思是“綠色和平組織還多次派遣船只保護(hù)鯨魚(yú)不受日本捕鯨者的侵害”，故答案選B。11．句意：綠色和平組織的成員試圖阻止核武器的制造。考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.ships輪船；B.officers官員；C.companies公司；D.members成員。根據(jù)havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuilt，可知應(yīng)是綠色和平組織的成員試圖阻止核武器的制造，故答案選D。12．句意：并與破壞熱帶雨林和其他自然環(huán)境的大公司和政府進(jìn)行了斗爭(zhēng)。考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.natural自然的；C.special特別的；D.wet潮濕的。根據(jù)therainforestsandotherareaswitha__4__environment.可知本句句意為“并與破壞熱帶雨林和其他自然環(huán)境的大公司和政府進(jìn)行了斗爭(zhēng)”，故答案選B。13．句意：綠色和平組織的積極分子經(jīng)常把自己置于危險(xiǎn)之中，以阻止他們所反對(duì)的活動(dòng)?？疾槊~及語(yǔ)境理解。A.danger危險(xiǎn)；B.action行動(dòng)；C.control控制；D.fear害怕。根據(jù)Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__5__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.可知句意為“綠色和平組織的積極分子經(jīng)常把自己置于危險(xiǎn)之中，以阻止他們所反對(duì)的活動(dòng)。”空格前面是介詞in，和danger構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“在危險(xiǎn)中”，故答案選A。14．句意：他們還把自己綁在工人想要砍伐的樹(shù)木上?？疾閯?dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.hold握住；B.keep保持；C.hang懸掛；D.tie綁、系。根據(jù)themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown，可知本句句意為“他們還把自己綁在工人想要砍伐的樹(shù)木上”，故答案選D。15．句意：雖然他們得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他們?nèi)詿o(wú)法阻止他們所反對(duì)的許多事情?？疾檫B詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.Whether是否；B.Although盡管、雖然；C.Because因?yàn)椋籇.Unless除非。根據(jù)theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.可知，本句句意為“雖然他們得到了世界各地人民的大力支持，但他們?nèi)詿o(wú)法阻止他們所反對(duì)的許多事情”，故答案選B。16．句意：該組織拒絕來(lái)自政府、政黨或公司提供的資金，這樣可以避免受到他們的影響?？疾閯?dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.refuses拒絕；B.requires要求；C.accepts接受；D.borrows借。根據(jù)inordertoavoidtheirinfluence，可知本句話的意思是“”，故答案選A。根據(jù)inordertoavoidtheirinfluence，可知本句句意為“該組織拒絕來(lái)自政府、政黨或公司提供的資金，這樣可以避免受到他們的影響”，故答案選A。17．句意：組成綠色和平組織的成員是來(lái)自世界各地的人?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.setup建起；B.putup張貼；C.makeup組成；D.openup開(kāi)發(fā)。根據(jù)Thepeoplewho__9__Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.可知，本句句意為“組成綠色和平組織的成員是來(lái)自世界各地的人”，故答案選C。18．句意：他們有一個(gè)共同的偉大目標(biāo)??就是為大家建設(shè)一個(gè)綠色的、和平的未來(lái)?？疾樾稳菰~及語(yǔ)境理解。A.cheerful歡樂(lè)的；B.meaningful有意義的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.peaceful和平的。根據(jù)Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand__10__futureforall.可知，本句句意為“他們有一個(gè)共同的偉大目標(biāo)??就是為大家建設(shè)一個(gè)綠色的、和平的未來(lái)?！惫蚀鸢高xD。【點(diǎn)睛】解答完形填空首先要通讀全文，掌握大意。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄清短文寫(xiě)了些什么內(nèi)容。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對(duì)空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，最后根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。如，第2小題，。根據(jù)whales(鯨魚(yú))fromJapanesewhalers,可知，這句話的意思是“綠色和平組織還多次派遣船只保護(hù)鯨魚(yú)不受日本捕鯨者的侵害”，故答案選B。第5小題，根據(jù)Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__5__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.可知句意為“綠色和平組織的積極分子經(jīng)常把自己置于危險(xiǎn)之中，以阻止他們所反對(duì)的活動(dòng)?！笨崭袂懊媸墙樵~in，和danger構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“在危險(xiǎn)中”，故答案選A。三、閱讀單選AWhatifyouhadonlythreeminutestotakewhateveryoucouldtakefromyourhome,andtherestwouldbelostforever?Whatwouldyoutake?Japanisoftenhitbynaturaldisasters,likeearthquakes,heavystormsandtunami.Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核輻射)havebroughtthelong-termdamagetoJapan,manyJapanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B．O.B．forshort).B．O.B．isacollectionofthingsthatyouwouldneedtoliveonifyouhadtoescapefromyourhomewithnopromisesofhousing,foodorwaterduringtheunexpectedsituation.TheB．O.B．shouldincludethefollowingthingsthatareneededforlife:●Asleepingbag,oratleastablankettokeepwarm.●Drinkingwater.●High-calorie,no-cookfoodslikechocolatebiscuits.proteinbars,etc.●First-aidsupplies.●Firestartingmethods,andasmallpottoboilwaterorcook.●Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手電筒)etc.●Moneyincash.●Adigitalbackupofallyourimportantdocumentsandfamilytreasures.Thiscouldbeinsurance(保險(xiǎn))documents,familyphotosandvideos.YoucouldkeepaB．O.B．bythefrontdoor,orevenhaveseveralbagsathomeattheofficeandinyourcar.ThismightseemlikemorethanneededtosomeofyoubutjustimaginewhatadifferencethiskindofpreparationwouldhavemadetothepeopleofJapan.ThenthinkofthedifferenceaB．O.B．willmakeifthosedisastershappentoyou.19．ThewritertalkedaboutthenuclearradiationinJapaninorderto________.A．showtheimportanceofaBugOutBagB．showhowdangerousanuclearradiationisC．tellustheseriousdamageithasdonetoJapanD．explainwhytheJapanesehavetoleavetheirhomes20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”probablymeaninChinese?A．欣賞 B．拆除 C．拋棄 D．修繕21．WhatispurposeofaBugOutBag?A．Tostopdisastersfromhappening. B．Tohelppeopleprotecttheirhomes.C．Tofindoutwhenthedisasterwillcome. D．Tohelppeoplekeepaliveafterdisasters.22．WhichofthefollowingshouldbeputintoaBugOutBag?A．Amap. B．Aknife. C．Araincoat. D．Acamera.23．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PrepareforDisasters B．EnjoyYourOutdoorLifeC．MakeaChangetoDisasters D．WatchOutforNuclearRadiation【短文大意】本文介紹了在緊急意外的災(zāi)害發(fā)生的情況下人們?cè)撛趺崔k？就此作者提出了一些建議。讓人們?cè)诓豢深A(yù)知的災(zāi)害下為自己準(zhǔn)備好必需的物品，為災(zāi)害提前做好準(zhǔn)備。【答案解析】19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句“Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).”可知，討論日本的核輻射是為了討論BugOutBag的價(jià)值，故選A。20．詞句猜測(cè)題。由下文“Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.”可知，現(xiàn)在他們可能很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間都無(wú)法返回。由此可推測(cè)“Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核輻射)…Japanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.”意思是但最近核輻射給日本帶來(lái)了長(zhǎng)期的破壞，不少日本人不得不放棄自己可愛(ài)的家園。進(jìn)而推測(cè)“abandon”的意思拋棄、放棄。故選C。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“B.O.B.isacollectionofthings…waterduringtheunexpectedsituation.”可知，B.O.B.是幫助你在無(wú)法預(yù)知的情況下逃離家園時(shí)賴(lài)以生存的東西。故選D。22．推理判斷題。由列舉物品中的第6點(diǎn)“Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手電筒)etc.”可知，刀是B.O.B.所需的，故選B。23．主旨大意題。本文主要在介紹B.O.B.包括什么，有利于讓人們?cè)诓豢深A(yù)知的災(zāi)害下為自己準(zhǔn)備好必需的物品，為災(zāi)害提前做好準(zhǔn)備。可知本文最佳標(biāo)題為《為災(zāi)難做好準(zhǔn)備》，故選A。BRightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy(能源)intheworldisfossilfuel(礦物燃料).Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal(煤).Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower(核能).Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages(優(yōu)點(diǎn)).Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2011therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity(電力).Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.24．Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”mean?A．Thecountry. B．Nuclearpower. C．Aperson. D．Theelectricity.25．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels. B．Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.C．Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake. D．Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.26．Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph3 C．Paragraph4 D．Paragraph527．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ASafeSourceofEnergy? B．TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!C．EveryoneLovesNuclearPower. D．WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.【短文大意】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了核能作為許多國(guó)家的第一能源是否安全的問(wèn)題。【答案解析】24．詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.”可知，許多人不想在他們國(guó)家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。故it指nuclearpower“核能”。故選B。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.”可知，我們只是沒(méi)有足夠的礦物燃料。然而，如果我們使用核能，那么在未來(lái)，或許我們會(huì)有更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。由此推知，D項(xiàng)“有一天人們會(huì)用盡礦物燃料”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。26．推理判斷題?！癟hat’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”表示“那就是我們需要新能源的原因”。根據(jù)第一段談到礦物燃料快用光了；第二段談到一種新的能源；由此推知，該句應(yīng)用作第一段的結(jié)尾句，引出下文。故選A。27．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，許多人認(rèn)為核能是不安全的，但越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展開(kāi)了討論。故選A。COURWorldTEENSApril11，2021Dischargethewastewater?NO!TheJapanesegovernmentrecentlydecidedtodischarge(排放)thewastewaterfromtheFukushimanuclearpowerplant（核電站）intothesea,NikkeiAsiasaidonApril9.Theresolutionisscheduledtobeformallyconfirmedatacabinet（內(nèi)閣）meetingonApril13.PhotobyXinhuaIn2011,apowerfulearthquake—triggeredtsunamidamagedtheFukushimaplant’scoolingsystem.TokyoElectricPowerCompanyHoldingsInc(TEPCO),theplant’soperator,thenusedwatertocooldownthereactor(反應(yīng)堆).Thewaterplayingthecoolingfunction,however,iscontaminatedwithradioactivematerialsandhasbeenstoredintanks（箱，罐）attheplant.Accordingtothecabinet,thestoragetanksforwastewaterareexpectedtoreachtheupperlimitbyautumn2022.InlateOctoberlastyear,theJapanesegovernmentsaiditwouldgraduallydischargewastewaterintothesea.Thenewswasimmediatelyprotested（抗議）bythepeopleofJapanandtheworld.Underpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplan.Manyexpertspointedoutthatoncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.Infact,thereareotherwaystotreatnuclearwastewater,suchasdischargingintotheatmosphereafterevaporation（蒸發(fā)）andburyingunderground.Themostdirectwayistobuildnewwaterstoragetanksinthenuclearpowerplant.AnalystspointedoutthatintheviewoftheJapanesegovernment,otherwaysaretime—consuming,laboriousandexpensive,andonlydischargingintotheseaisthemostcost—effectiveway.28．WhichisNOTresponsibleforthecontaminatedwaterwithradioactivematerials?A．Earthquake B．Cabinet C．TEPCO D．Tsunami29．Inwhatsectioncanwereadthenews?A．TEPCO B．ScienceStudy C．OurWorld D．Discovery30．Inpara2,theunderlinedsentenceUnderpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplanprobablymeansthattheJapanesegovernment________.A．stillhasdecidedtodischargethewastewateranywayalthoughpeopleareagainsttheplan,B．hasn’tdumpedthewastewateryetsinceafairnumberofpeopleareagainsttheplanC．hasdecidedtoreleasethewastewaterprettysoonwithnooneagainsttheplan.D．willnevereverdischargethewaterintotheseawithoutthesupportofpeople.31．WhichofthefollowingsistheWrongwaytotreatthewastewater?A．Buildnewwaterstoragetanksinthenuclearpowerplant. B．Dischargeitintotheatmosphereafterevaporation.C．Buryitunderground. D．Dischargeitintotheseadirectly.32．Whatcanweinferfromthenews?A．Thestoragetanksforwastewatercanholdbywinter2022. B．TheJapanesegovernmentplannedtoquicklydischargewastewaterintothesea.C．Dumpingwastewaterintotheseaisthemostcost—effectivewayforall. D．Oncethewastewaterisdischarged,itwillposethreattoall.【短文大意】文章是一篇新聞報(bào)道。內(nèi)容是關(guān)于福島核電站的廢水。【答案解析】28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In2011,apowerfulearthquake—triggeredtsunamidamagedtheFukushimaplant’scoolingsystem.TokyoElectricPowerCompanyHoldingsInc(TEPCO),theplant’soperator,thenusedwatertocooldownthereactor”可知2011年，一場(chǎng)強(qiáng)烈的地震引發(fā)的海嘯破壞了福島核電站的冷卻系統(tǒng)。該核電站的運(yùn)營(yíng)商?hào)|京電力公司（TEPCO）隨后用水冷卻反應(yīng)堆。未提到“內(nèi)閣”。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題目“OURWorld”可知此篇來(lái)自《我們的世界》。故選C。30．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線句子“Underpressure,theJapanesegovernmenthasyettocarryouttheplan.”意為“迫于壓力，日本政府尚未實(shí)施該計(jì)劃?！庇纱送浦毡菊形磧A倒廢水，因?yàn)橄喈?dāng)多的人反對(duì)該計(jì)劃。故選B。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“oncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.”可知一旦核廢水排入海洋，它們將伴隨洋流，污染世界許多地區(qū)。所以直接排入大海不可取，是錯(cuò)誤的。故選D。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“oncetheradioactivematerialssuchastritium（氚）inthespentnuclearwateraredischargedintothesea,theywillaccompanytheoceancurrentandpollutemanypartsoftheworld.”可知一旦核廢水排入海洋，它們將伴隨洋流，污染世界許多地區(qū)。由此推知，廢水一旦排放，將對(duì)所有人構(gòu)成威脅。故選D。DChinesePresidentXiJinpingpresentsChina’stopscienceawardtoHuangXuhuaandZengQingcuninBeijing,capitalofChina,Jan,10th2020.Thefollowingissomebasicinformationaboutthe2winners.HuangXuhua,bornin1924inGuangdongprovince.GraduatedfromJiaotongUniversityin1949.Servedinshipbuildingindustry.KnownasthefatherofChina’sownnuclearsubmarine(核潛艇).ZengQingcun,bornin1935inGuangdongprovince.GraduatedfromPekingUniversityin1956,andwenttoSovietUnion(前蘇聯(lián))forfurtherstudy.Servedasameteorologist(氣象學(xué)家)。Solvedmanyproblemsinpredictingweather.33．TheceremonytopresentChina’stopscienceawardwasheldin________.A．1949 B．1956 C．202034．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothephotosandinformation?A．BothawardedscientistsarefromGuangdongprovince,andHuangisolderthanZeng.B．ZengQingcunwenttotheStudentUnionforfurtherstudy,andbecameameteorologist.C．HuangXuhuaworkedintheshipbuildingindustryanddesignedChina’sfirstnuclearsubmarine.35．Wheremightthischart(表格)befrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Atourguide. C．Astorybook.【短文大意】短文主要介紹了中國(guó)的兩位科學(xué)家黃旭華和曾慶存?！敬鸢附馕觥?3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中ChinesePresidentXiJinpingpresentsChina’stopscienceawardtoHuangXuhuaandZenQingcuninBeijing,capitalofChina,Jan,10th2020.中國(guó)習(xí)近平主席在2020年1月10日，在中國(guó)的首都，北京向黃旭華和曾慶存頒發(fā)中國(guó)最高科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)可知，故答案為C。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中HuangXuhua,bornin1924inGuangdongprovince.黃旭華，生于1924年廣東?。籞enQingcun,bornin1935inGuangdongprovince.曾慶存，生于1935年廣東省可知，兩位科學(xué)家都來(lái)自廣東省，并且黃比曾大，故A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)文中GraduatedfromPekingUniversityin1956,andwenttoSovietUnion(前蘇聯(lián))forfurtherstudy.在1956年從清華大學(xué)畢業(yè)，去前蘇聯(lián)深造可知，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文中Servedinshipbuildingindustry.KnownasthefatherofChina’sownnuclearsubmarine(核潛艇).可知，黃旭華在造船業(yè)工作，設(shè)計(jì)了中國(guó)第一艘核潛艇，故C項(xiàng)正確，故答案為B。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，這個(gè)表格可能來(lái)自于報(bào)紙，故答案為A。EStrongearthquakeshittheeastofJapanintheafternoonofMarch11,causingseveralmeter-hightsunami(海嘯),whichkilledmorethan10,000peopleinareasalongthecoast.Severalnuclearplants(核電站)atthecoastwerebrokenbytheearthquakeandtsunami.Peoplelivingneartheplantshavebeenaskedtomoveaway.Peoplelivingwithin30kilometersofthefirstplantareaskedtostayindoorsandcloseallwindows.Thebreakingofthenuclearplantsiscausingelectricityshortages(電力短缺)inEasternJapan.Asaresult,electricityiscutofffor3-hourperiodsintheareaofTokyoandsomeotherareasduringdaytime.Inordertosaveelectricity,someshops,restaurantsandtouristplacesintheareasareclosedforsometimeeveryday.Butallmajorairportsandtrainlinesarestillopenandoperating.Fortheabovereasons,touristsareadvisednottovisittheeasternareasinthenearfuture.VisitstoWesternJapanarenotaffectedbytheevent.Peoplewhoplantotraveloverthecomingweeksandmonthsareadvisedtopayattentiontothesituationforafewmoredaysbeforemakingdecisions.36．Thispassagemayprobablybewrittenbya_____.A．scientist B．traveler C．storywriter D．newsreporter37．Peoplelivingneartheplantswereaskedtomoveawaybecause_____.A．therewouldbemoreearthquakesandtsunamisB．severalnuclearplantshadbeenbrokenC．therewereseriouselectricityshortagesD．theirhouseswerewashedawaybythetsunami38．Theyclosedsomeshopsandrestaurantsforsometimeeverydayto____A．a(chǎn)voidmakingelectricityshortagesevenworseB．a(chǎn)voidmorepeoplegettingtogetherC．rebuildtheirbrokenbuildingsD．keepawayfromnuclearradiation(核輻射)39．Whichofthefollowingisright?A．Theearthquakehappenedbeforethetsunami.B．Theearthquakehappenedafterthetsunami.C．TherewasnoelectricityinEasternJapan.D．PeoplewerenotallowedtovisitWesternJapan.【答案解析】36．理解判斷題，縱觀全文可知。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語(yǔ)句“Severalnuclearplants(核電站)atthecoastwerebrokenbytheearthquakeandtsunami.Peoplelivingneartheplantshavebeenaskedtomoveaway”可知。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語(yǔ)句“Inordertosaveelectricity,someshops,restaurantsandtouristplacesintheareasareclosedforsometimeeveryday.”可知。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中語(yǔ)句“StrongearthquakeshittheeastofJapanintheafternoonofMarch11,causingseveralmeter-hightsunami(海嘯),”可知。FNuclear（核）power'sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation（輻射）.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan'tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector（探測(cè)器）.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（塊；團(tuán)）ofcells（細(xì)胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledcompletely,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌癥）.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictim（犧牲者）beingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.40．Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysterybecause____________.A．peoplecan'tfeelit B．peopleknownothingaboutitC．nuclearradiationisn'tharmfultopeople D．peoplehaven'tanydetectors41．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Wecan'tdetectradioactivityevenwithmodernequipment.B．Onlyradiationatveryhighlevelscankillananimalorhumanbeing.C．Ifafewcellsareonlydamaged，healthycellswilltaketheplaceofdeadones.D．Radiationisharmfulnomatterwhatlevelitis.42．Theword"significant"inparagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningwith____________.A．important B．meaningful C．harmful D．obvious43．Radiationcanhurtusinthatitcan__________.A．a(chǎn)ffectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring（后代）B．damagecellswhichgrowintocanceryearslaterC．killlargenumberofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediatelyD．a(chǎn)lloftheabove44．What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Emphasizingtheimportanceofprotectionofradiation.B．Solvingthemysteryaboutradiation.C．Discussingthecauseofcancer.D．Introducingthenuclearpower.45．Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe________.A．Nuclearradiationinourlife B．IllnessinourlifeC．HowtofindNuclearradiation D．Seriousdamageinourlife【短文大意】這篇短文給我們講述了核輻射的危害。核輻射非常的神秘，因?yàn)樗床灰?jiàn)、聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)、摸不著、嘗不到，但是即使最低水平的輻射也會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的傷害?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.可知，核輻射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感覺(jué)到。故選A。41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector可知A不對(duì),在現(xiàn)代儀器的幫助下，可以探測(cè)到射線；B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在Only“僅僅，只有”，任何量的輻射都是有害的；根據(jù)第三段Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.可知C不對(duì)，如果僅有部分細(xì)胞被傷害，如果它們自己替換，你回遇到麻煩。根據(jù)短文第三段Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.可知，即使最低水平的輻射也能造成嚴(yán)重的傷害，沒(méi)有任何水平的輻射是完全安全的。故選D。42．詞義猜測(cè)題。important重要的；meaningful有意義的；harmful有害的；obvious明顯的。根據(jù)單詞所在的語(yǔ)境Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.“如果輻射沒(méi)有擊中任何重要的東西，損害可能并不……”，significant應(yīng)表示“嚴(yán)重的”，與important意思接近。故選A。43．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段以及第四段的內(nèi)容Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（塊；團(tuán)）ofcells（細(xì)胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.…Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌癥）.….Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.可知，A、B和C三項(xiàng)都是核輻射對(duì)我們的危害。故選D。44．推理判斷