“海絲”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)報告

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12013年，中國國家主席習(xí)近平在出訪中亞和東南亞國家期間，先后提出共又是一條促進(jìn)沿線各國可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路（NationalDevelopmentandReform帶區(qū)域普遍面臨工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化帶來的環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)退化等問題（Protection,etal.,2018;Turschwelletal.,2020）。在2本報告對指標(biāo)的替換和補(bǔ)充提高了海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力評價指標(biāo)體系的31.“海絲”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)解釋優(yōu)勢和需要改善提高的領(lǐng)域。海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)的分?jǐn)?shù)以及單一主題/42.“海絲”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)評價方法評價框架具有以下優(yōu)勢1）強(qiáng)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的多維性和綜合性，而不是將指度指標(biāo)，如“海洋食品供給量”既屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)維度，也屬于社會維度2）以政置了相應(yīng)的子主題與指標(biāo)，最終形成了主題-子主題-指標(biāo)的三級評價指標(biāo)體系。5海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力評價指標(biāo)體系共包含7個主題、19個子主題與35個PM2.5濃度6報告通過其他相似指標(biāo)找出與該國情況最相近的其他國家的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行替代或結(jié)作各個國家海岸帶范圍矢量文件，運(yùn)用ArcGIS工具7式中，yij為指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后的值，xij為i國的j指標(biāo)初始值，xjmax和xjminCES函數(shù)模型有三種特殊情況1）如果綜合指數(shù)的組成部分是完全可替組成部分的算術(shù)平均值2）如果綜合指數(shù)的組成部分不可替代，CES函數(shù)變成萊昂惕夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)，綜合指數(shù)由最低分值的組成部分決定3）柯布道格拉8未來需要長期跟蹤評價才能反映不同年份間9韓國阿曼黎巴嫩土耳其索馬里3.“海絲”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)評價結(jié)果2所示（具體指標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)詳見附件中的各子 克羅地亞利比里亞斯里蘭卡 秘魯共和國 塞內(nèi)加爾莫桑比克坦桑尼亞孟加拉國 49.9049.5749.5049.3149.1548.3247.8447.8147.5046.9746.8546.8145.8644.73根據(jù)各國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力綜合排名和主題是海洋和社會發(fā)展，得分分別為60.87和56.67，位列第32和33?？肆_位列第39和35。阿爾巴尼亞海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢主題為生物多樣性和社會“海絲”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力各個主題得分及排名如表3所示151222451323346797613653388249862743947981865748918462565915779方面可以看出索馬里在大氣主題中得分較高的原因主要是由經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和產(chǎn)水利等資源，其中全國可耕地面積可達(dá)380萬公頃，但是目前已開發(fā)的卻不足布如圖6所示。超過30億美元，約70%的珊瑚礁受到破壞；此外，印尼是全球海洋塑料污染的排名倒數(shù)。海洋主題分?jǐn)?shù)排名前10的國家依次為：卡塔爾（77.17）、葡萄牙沙特阿拉伯（69.60）、納米比亞（68.94）、吉布提（68.28）和希臘（67.7“海絲”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)海洋主題得分空間分布如圖7所），188種哺乳動物和674種鳥類。為了維護(hù)這一寶貴的自然遺產(chǎn)，塞內(nèi)加爾通過實線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)生物多樣性主題得分空間分布如圖9所示?！昂＝z”沿線國家海岸帶可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力指數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展主題得分空間分布如圖Andrew,M.E.,Wulder,M.A.,Nelson,T.A.,Coops,N.C.(2015).Spatialdata,analysisapproaches,andinformationneedsforspatialecosystemserviceassessments:areview.Giscience&RemoteSensing,52(3),344-373.Assessment,M.E.(2005).EcosystemsandHumanWell-being:Synthesis.RetrievedfromWashington,DC.Beatley,T.,Brower,D.,Schwab,A.K.(2002).Anintroductiontocoastalzonemanagement:IslandPress.Bodirsky,B.L.,Popp,A.,Lotze-Campen,H.,Dietrich,J.P.,Rolinski,S.,Weindl,I.,Stevanovic,M.(2014).Reactivenitrogenrequirementstofeedtheworldin2050andpotentialtomitigatenitrogenpollution.NatureCommunications,5,3858.B?hm,M.,Collen,B.,Baillie,J.E.,Bowles,P.,Chanson,J.,Cox,N.,etal.(2013).Theconservationstatusoftheworld’sreptiles.Biologicalconservation,157,372-385.Bruinsma,N.A.J.(2012).Worldagriculturetowards2030/2050:the2012revision.AgriculturalDevelopmentEconomicsDivision,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,Rome.FAO.Chen,X.-J.(2001).Sustainableutilizationassessmentofmarinefisheriesresources(inChinese).(Doctor).NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing.Chowdhury,S.,Peddle,D.R.,Wulder,M.A.,Heckbert,S.,Shipman,T.C.,Chao,D.K.(2021).Estimationofland-use/land-coverchangesassociatedwithenergyfootprintsandotherdisturbanceagentsintheUpperPeaceRegionofAlbertaCanadafrom1985to2015usingLandsatdata.InternationalJournalofAppliedEarthObservationandGeoinformation,94,102224.Daly,H.E.,CobbJr,J.B.,Cobb,J.B.(1994).Forthecommongood:Redirectingtheeconomytowardcommunity,theenvironment,andasustainablefuture:BeaconPress.Ecer,F.,Pamucar,D.,HashemkhaniZolfani,S.,KeshavarzEshkalag,M.(2019).SustainabilityassessmentofOPECcountries:Applicationofamultipleattributedecisionmakingtool.JournalofCleanerProduction,241,118324.Fan,B.,Li,Y.,Pavao-Zuckerman,M.(2020).Thedynamicsofland-sea-scapecarbonflowcanrevealanthropogenicdestructionandrestorationofcoastalcarbonsequestration.LandscapeEcology,36(7),1933-1949.FAO.(2013).Forest,Forestry,ForestProductandSustainableFuture(inChinese).RetrievedfromNewYork.Halpern,B.S.,Longo,C.,Hardy,D.,et.al.(2012).Anindextoassessthehealthandbenefitsoftheglobalocean.Nature,488(7413),615-620.Jain,S.,Shukla,S.,Wadhvani,R.(2018).Dynamicselectionofnormalizationtechniquesusingdatacomplexitymeasures.ExpertSystemswithApplications,106,252-262.Kutiel,P.,Cohen,O.,Shoshany,M.,Shub,M.(2004).VegetationestablishmentonthesouthernIsraelicoastalsanddunesbetweentheyears1965and1999.LandscapeandUrbanPlanning,67(1–4),141–156.QiJ.(1996).Utilizationofvegetationdatatoextracteffectivevegetationparametersofheterogeneoussurfaces.Presentationatthe2ndVegetationPreparatoryProgramme,11,18–20.Kwatra,S.,Kumar,A.,Sharma,P.(2020).AcriticalreviewofstudiesrelatedtoconstructionandcomputationofSustainableDevelopmentIndices.EcologicalIndicators,112,106061.Lechner,A.M.,Chan,F.K.S.,Campos-Arceiz,A.(2018).BiodiversityconservationshouldbeacorevalueofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative.Natureecology&evolution,2(3),408-409.LornaInniss,AlanSimcock,AmanuelYoanesAjawin,AngelC.Alcala,et.al.(2016).TheFirstGlobalIntegratedMarineAssessment.RetrievedfromNewYork.NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,S.O.A.(2017).VisionofMaritimeCooperationinBuilding"BeltandRoad".Retrievedfrom/display.aspx?id=26750&lib=lawNations,U.(2016).LifeonLand:WhyitMatters.Parris,T.M.,Kates,R.W.(2003).Characterizingandmeasuringsustainabledevelopment.AnnualReviewofenvironmentandresources,28(1),559-586.Pouliot,D.,Latifovic,R.,Zabcic,N.,Guindon,L.,Olthof,I.(2014).Developmentandassessmentofa250mspatialresolutionMODISannuallandcovertimeseries(2000–2011)fortheforestregionofCanadaderivedfromchange-basedupdating.Practitioner,140,731-743.Protection,M.o.E.(2017).TheBeltandRoadEcologicalandEnvironmentalCooperationPlan.Retrievedfrom/gkml/hbb/bwj/201705/t20170516_414102.htmRogelj,J.,denElzen,M.,Hoehne,N.,Fransen,T.,Fekete,H.,Winkler,H.,Meinshausen,M.(2016).ParisAgreementclimateproposalsneedaboosttokeepwarmingwellbelow2degreesC.Nature,534(7609),631-639.Sachs,J.,Schmidt-Traub,G.,Kroll,C.,Lafortune,G.,Fuller,G.,Woelm,F.(2020).TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsandCOVID-19.SustainableDevelopementReport2020.RetrievedfromCambridge.Turschwell,M.P.,Brown,C.J.,Pearson,R.M.,Connolly,R.M.(2020).China'sBeltandRoadInitiative:Conservationopportunitiesforthreatenedmarinespeciesandhabitats.MarinePolicy,112,103791.UN.(2007).IndicatorsofSustainableDevelopmen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