第03講 選擇性必修三~選擇性必修四詞匯（練習）（原卷版）-2025年高考英語一輪復習講練測（新教材新高考）

第02講選擇性必修3~選擇性必修4詞匯考點目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語【題型二】完形詞匯和短語03真題實戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形1．SinceZhangjiajie(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36,200touristsperday.2．Chinahasbeenmoreandmore(influence)sincethereformandopening-up.3．BaJingained(recognize)forwritingataveryyoungage,andtodayheisstillacknowledgedasoneofChina’sgreatestwriters.4．TheUNESCOWorldHeritageCenterrepeatedlyurgesthatsomeculturalrelicsinEgypt(restore)inordertopreventthemfromcollapse.5．Haiku,aJapanesepoetry,hasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables(respective).6．Itwasthestaff’sresolutionand(persevere)thathelpedthiscorporationcarrythroughitsgoalandsucceedeventually.7．Inmanycountries,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsidered(innocence)untilthecourtprovesthatheorsheisguilty.8．Hewasavictimof(race)prejudice.9．We’llhavereportersthereforyouallweeklongtokeepyou(update)onthestorm.10．(nail)thetwoshelvestogether,shewipedawaythesweatandhadarest.11．Thechefsaidthemenu(adjust)tosuitlocaltastes.That’swhymorecustomerswerefloodingintotherestaurant.12．Itwasreallycoldoutside,butJethrostayedindoors(wrap)inawarmblanket(毯子)anddrinkinghotchocolate.13．Hewentfromdoortodoor(find)apartnerwhocouldhelp.14．Onlyinretrospect(回顧)didthevalueofappreciatingamoviewithoutjudging,(accompany)bythejoyofsharingbecomeself-evidenttome.15．Togetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hours(study)andpracticing.題型二核心單詞拼寫16．Thereport(以……為基礎(chǔ))ontheresearchwaslaunchedlater.17．Shewasforcedtohaveherbaby(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))aftershewassentencedtoprison.18．(任命)tobemanagerofthecompany,theyoungmanfeltexcited.19．Tobeginwith,we’dfeel(榮幸)ifyoucouldmatchusaccordingtoouroralEnglishlevels,ratherthanpairusrandomly.20．Shewassoconsideratethatshewalkedtocomfortthegirl(驚慌)bythenews.21．Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself(被鎖在)intheroom.22．Tofindoutthetruth,thepoliceofficershavetoconducta(詳盡的)reviewofthecase.23．Lastweek,theteacher(布置)anessayaboutenvironmentalprotectiontothem.24．Apersonmustshowsome(自制力)toreachthegoalofchange.25．Thereweresomeextraordinarily(逼真的，栩栩如生的)paintingsofEuropeondisplay.題型一閱讀詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。A（2024·浙江·二模）Adiethighinproteinisoftenpromotedaspartofahealthylifestyle,andmanydietsencourageconsumerstoreducefatsinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainleanmuscle.ForthestudyinNatureMetabolism,BettinaMittendorferandcolleaguesfoundthatwhileincreasingtheproportionofproteinindailycalorieintakeisbeneficial,consumingproteintoomuchnotonlydoesn’taddtothedevelopmentofleanmusclebutcancauseunintendednegativehealtheffects.“Consumersarebeingledtobelievethattheycannevergettoomuchproteinintheirdiet,”saysMittendorfer.“However,ourresearchshowsthatspecificaminoacids(氨基酸),whicharethebuildingblocksofprotein,cantriggerheartdiseasethroughasignalingmechanismatthecellularlevelintheblood.”Anaminoacidfoundinanimal-proteinfoods,suchasbeef,eggs,andmilk,wasfoundtoberesponsibleforsignalingactivityincellsthattypicallyclearawayrubbishinbloodvessels.Asconsumptionofdietaryproteinincreases,sodoestheconsumptionofleucine(亮氨酸),thespecificaminoacidresponsiblefortriggeringthiscellularactivityintheblood.Whenfunctioningnormally,thesecellsworktokeepbloodvesselsfreefromplaque(血小板)buildup.Whentheirproductionbecomesoveractive,theresultingaccumulationofspentcellsinthevascularsystemcancausetheplaquebuildupandblockagestheyaresupposedtoprevent.Theresultinghardeningofthearteries(動脈)isaleadingriskfactorforheartattackandstroke.“OurhopeistoeventuallyfindtheGoldilocksapproachformaximizingthehealthbenefitsofdietaryprotein,suchasbuildingleanmuscle,whileavoidingthehealthdrawbacksfromoverconsumption.”saysMittendorfer.Theresearchersfoundthatconsumingmorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromproteincarriesmoredownsideriskthandietarybenefit.Foranormaladult,20to30gramsofproteinpermeal,or60to90gramsofproteinperdayisadequatetosupporthealth.Thestudycombinedhumantrialswithexperimentsinmiceandcells.1．Whichofthefollowingisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Itisbeneficialtotakeinproteinindailydiets.B．Adiethighinproteinisalwaysconsideredasahealthylifestyle.C．Manyconsumersareinfavorofproteintoloseweightandgainmuscle.D．Consumingproteintoomuchdoesn’tdogoodtotheleanmuscledevelopment.2．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocauseheartattackandstroke?A．Theplaquebuildup. B．Animal-proteinfoods.C．Thehardeningofthearteries. D．Overactivecellularactivityintheblood.3．Whatistheproperwaytomakegooduseofprotein?A．Totakeinproperamountofproteinpermeal.B．Toexerciseeverydayinordertobuildleanmuscle.C．Toconsumemorethan22%ofdailycaloriesfromprotein.D．Todomoreexperimentsinmiceandcellstoprovideevidence.4．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itisconductedinarelativelyscientificway.B．Itfinallyfindsaproperapproachtokeepfit.C．Itistotallyagainstwhatpeoplehavebelieved.D．Itoffersadietstandardforpeopleofallagesallovertheworld.B（2024·湖南·二模）TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters’successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼澤)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California’scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinre-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”5．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs. B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect. D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inparagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement. C．Expansion. D．Revival.7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.8．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters’impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.題型二完形填空詞匯和短語閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2024·河北·一模）Myworkincancerresearchwasgeneratingalotofwasteeveryday.Asourresearchturnedtofullcapacity,ourwasteproduction1.Iwenttomyadviserandsuggestedtheideaof23D-printedlabtoolsoutofsomeofourwaste.She3meandthenIsecuredfundingtopurchaserecyclingequipment.Butaftermonthsof4,theprojectdidn’tgoasIhadimaginedandprogressedslowly.Soitwasawelcome5whenmyco-workersbrainstormedotherwaystoreduceourenvironmental6Wecreatedagrouptopushforgreenerwaysto7.Webeganmeetingmonthlytocomeupwithsolutions.Overthefollowingmonths,we8newrecyclingbinstoeachlabsothatourplasticwastecouldbesorted9.Wecreatedrulesforeachdevicetobeenergy-efficient.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’tfullyrealizemy3D-printing10.Iamstubbornenoughtokeeptrying.ButI’vealsolearnedthatifoneapproachisn’tworking,sometimesit’sbestto11andlookforothersolutions.I’mthankfulthatwiththehelpofthe12communityaroundme,weareabletodothat.Iencouragescientistseverywheretothinkaboutwaystoreducethe13impactoftheirownresearch.Theworkwedoisimportant.Butweshouldalsodoourparttobeassustainableaswecan.Afterall,what14doesoursciencehaveif,ultimately,thereremainsno15planetwecancallourhome?1．A．returned B．declined C．stabilized D．rocketed2．A．creating B．buying C．borrowing D．renting3．A．suspected B．criticized C．encouraged D．comforted4．A．struggle B．discussion C．training D．confusion5．A．source B．relief C．target D．success6．A．distribution B．option C．phase D．footprint7．A．cure B．defend C．operate D．negotiate8．A．commented B．introduced C．moved D．knocked9．A．properly B．typically C．naturally D．a(chǎn)nnually10．A．recipe B．prevention C．vision D．a(chǎn)ssociation11．A．setoff B．speakout C．holdon D．stepback12．A．local B．a(chǎn)cademic C．final D．new13．A．fundamental B．historical C．environmental D．financial14．A．significance B．possibility C．fortune D．depth15．A．broad B．supportive C．different D．particular（2024年浙江卷1月閱讀理解A篇）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool. B.Theyworkedtogetherin”Ragtime“.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage. D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding. B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport. D.Educationalresources.（2022·新高考II卷閱讀理解C篇）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublicheal