中華門城堡英文導(dǎo)游詞

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zhongHuacityGatecastle

nowwearearrivingatzhongHuacityGatecastle,itisashighasa5-storeyedbuilding,veryimpressivetothevisitorstonanjing.andi’dliketomakeanintroductionoftheancientcitywallfirst.

city,symbolizingthehumansocietydevelopingtowardcivilization.itisnotonlythebasicbarrio（區(qū)域）ofchinesepeople’slivingspace,hissense,nanjingcitywallbuilt600yearsagoandbasicallypreservedwelltilltoday,isworld-classhumanculturalheritage.

Thebuildingofthewallbeganin1366,orderedbyzhuyuanzhang,whoadoptedthesuggestionof“buildingthehighwall“byoneofhiswisestaff(zhusheng).andtheprojecttaketotally20years.andmorethan200,000peopleof125countiesfrom5provinceinsouthernchina(jiangsu,anhui,jiangxi,hubei,hunan)wereemployedontheproject.

nanjingcitywallwasthelongestcitywallintheworldandthecityenclosedbyitremainedtheworld’slargestuntil17thcentury.itboasted33.676kmincircumference（周長）andthepreservationis23.743kmlong.Theheightisfrom14-26metersandthebaseofthewallis14meterswideandthetopofthewallis4-9meterswide.

Greatpartofthewallbaseismadeofgraniteorrectangularslabsoflime-stone,andbothsidesofthewallarelaidwithhugebricks.Eachbrickis45cmlong,20cmwideand10cmthickwithaweightof15kg.Thebrickswerecementedinwithamortar(灰泥)oflime,tongoil,glutinousricegruel.manypartsofthewallarestillingoodcondition,itisagooddemonstrationofit’ssolidity.allthebricksweremadeinthe5provincesimentionedbefore.Forthequalitycontrol,everybrickwasengravedwiththename,originoftheartisanandsupervisoraswellasthedateofmakingit.

Thecityhad13gatesinthemingdynasty,suchasSanshangate,jubaogate,tongjigate,taipinggateandsoon.amongallthegates,Sanshan,jubaoandtongjigatescovering3wengchengbecauseoftheirstrategeticimportance.andHanzhonggatecovering2wengcheng,andHongwu,Qingliang,Shengcecoveringonly1wengcheng.amongthem,Jubaogateisthelargestandmostspecialone,whichchangeditsnameintopresentzhonghuagatein1931,whenzhonghuaRoadwasconstructed.

ThegatewasformerlycalledtheTreasureBowlGate,heearlymingdynasty,whenEmperorzhuyuanzhangstartedtobuildacitywallaroundnanjing,everythingwasdone.Butthisgatewasfailedtobebuiltaftermanyattempts.Fromhisprimeminister,theemperorheardofapoorfishermannamedshenwanshan,whogotatreasurebowlandbecameveryrich.Thecourtdispactedpeopletocheathimoutofthetreasurebowlandburieditintothegroundasfoundationofthegate.Thegatewasfinallybuiltup.Fromthetime,thegatewasgiventhenamejubaoinchinesewhichmeanstreasurebowl.infact,intherealhistory,ShenwanshanwastherichestoneinthesouthernchinainthelateYuandynasty,hedonated1/3ofthewholeexpensestobuildthecitywall.Buthiswealthymadezhuyuanzhangangry,andbedriventoadistantandpoorplacebythecruelemperor.

coveringanareaof15,168squaremeters,20metershigh,thegatehas4entranceswith4doors,theopenspacebetweenthemwascalled“wengcheng“.wengisajarliketrappingstructureinancienttimes.Thegatecomplexwasusedasthedefenseworksofthecity,covering3wengcheng.Behindthefirstconventionaldoublepanelwoodendoor,thereare3other23---thickverticallyslidingstonedoors.theheavystonedoorareliftedanddroppedwiththehelpofamechanicalwinch(絞盤).ifenemytroopsbrokethroughthefirstwoodendoor,theycouldbeseparatedandtrappedinsidebythedroppingoftheother3stonedoors.Thisstrategyisknowninchinaas“beatingdogsbehindabolteddoor”.andwecanalsofindtherationalandexquisitedesigndrainagesystemhere.

Thefirstentranceisinathree-tierbuildinginwhich27tunnelsarebuilt.Thesetunnelsarespaciousenoughtoquarter.morethan3000soldiersandstorelargequantitiesoffoodandammunitions.Thesearewidehorseramponbothsides.atthetop,thereusedtobearostrumallowingacommandingview.Unfortunately,therostrumtogetherwithotherpartsofthewallwasdestroyedbytheJapaneseinvadersintheanti-Japanesewar.

differentfromthesquare-shapedcitywallsofmostancientchinesecities,thewallofnanjingfollowedthenaturaltopography(地形學(xué))andformedanirregularshape.Bythisconstruction,naturalbarriers,suchasmountains,rivers,andlakeswereallemployedtostrengththefortificationofthecity.Thecitywallhas24gates,amongwhichonly13gatesweretheoriginalonesfrommingtimeandtherestwerebuiltoraddedfortrafficpurposelateron.

nowadays,21.35kmcitywallsurvivesandisamongthepreservationlistofmonumentsandhistoricalsitesapprovedbytheStatecouncil.Thenanjingmunicipalgovernmentplanstohavepartofthecitywallrepairedandsomeofthecitygatesrenovated.

篇二：中華門城堡導(dǎo)游詞

中華門城堡

各位朋友大家好，現(xiàn)在我們來到了“世界之最”的古城堡——中華門。南京明代城墻距今已有600多年的歷史，它全長33.676公里，比29.5公里的巴黎城墻還長4公里，是世界上最大的都城墻。而中華門則是明代城墻十三座內(nèi)城門中最大最雄偉又保存最好的一座。明太祖朱元璋攻占元朝統(tǒng)治下的集慶后改名應(yīng)天府，以南京為都。采納皖南池州學(xué)者朱“高筑墻，廣積糧，緩稱王”的九字建議，構(gòu)筑堅(jiān)不可摧的強(qiáng)大防御工事，以爭(zhēng)霸天下，為保衛(wèi)大明王朝江山大修城墻。南京城的建造設(shè)計(jì)不拘泥于方位對(duì)稱，距離對(duì)等的正方形傳統(tǒng)古制，而是負(fù)山繞水，因地制宜，從實(shí)戰(zhàn)要求出發(fā)，開辟了十三座城門。其中聚寶門最大最雄偉。因正對(duì)聚寶山而得名。1931年更名為中華門，城門上的“中華門”三個(gè)楷書大字還是蔣介石手書呢。

為修造舉世無雙的都城墻，朱元璋爭(zhēng)掉了一部三衛(wèi)五省28府152個(gè)縣的百萬余眾民工，用了3.5億塊城磚，工程土方達(dá)700萬平方米，耗費(fèi)六百萬兩黃金，花了二十多年時(shí)間，直到1386年才合龍，1393年才全部竣工。作為全國政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化中心的大明都城，由宮城，皇城，京城，外廓四重城墻組成。明代是在南宋建康府和南唐故都城基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)建南京城的。城墻高度一般在14至21米之間，城基寬19至20米之間，頂部寬7至14米不等，建有200座屯兵的窩棚和13616個(gè)雉堞，是作戰(zhàn)時(shí)的掩護(hù)物。根據(jù)防御的需要，依據(jù)不同地段的地形條件采取不同的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用不同的建筑材料。砌磚石所用的砂漿是用石灰，糯米漿，高粱漿，桐油和一種蓼草灰拌合的“夾漿”,(:中華門城堡英文導(dǎo)游詞)所以砌好的城墻堅(jiān)不可摧，固若金湯。由于城墻內(nèi)外壁均向內(nèi)傾斜，類似金字塔狀，底部大于頂部約一倍，故墻體永不倒塌。且南京多雨又有洪水威脅，所以采取了不少排水措施。至于造城墻所需的巨額費(fèi)用，大部分?jǐn)偱山o江南富戶，如江南大戶沈萬三就承擔(dān)不少。

中華門坐北朝南，北偏西9度。前接長干橋，以120米寬的外秦淮和為護(hù)城河；后連鎮(zhèn)淮橋一寬28米的內(nèi)秦淮和為內(nèi)塹。城堡的平面呈“目”子長方形，由一道城門，三道甕城27個(gè)藏兵洞，兩條登城的礓察和一條坡道組成。整個(gè)城門東西長128米，南北深129米，占地16512平方米，朝南的第一道城門第三層原為高大壯觀的木結(jié)構(gòu)鏑樓，歇山頂，三重檐，紅柱翹?？上в捎跉v經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火和風(fēng)雨的剝蝕，城樓已毀。

每道拱式門洞除了置有雙扇鐵皮包裹的木質(zhì)大門外，洞內(nèi)都設(shè)有可上下啟動(dòng)的千斤閘。閘雖無存，但門閘石槽仍保存完好。第一道城門中層正中間的藏兵洞的洞底，還保存著一對(duì)千斤閘絞關(guān)石柱。當(dāng)敵人攻入甕城，城門里的千斤閘就會(huì)迅速降落，切斷敵人的退路，將敵兵困在甕城之中，然后藏兵洞中伏兵四出，或萬箭齊放，或擂石滾木齊下，殲敵于封死的甕中，恰如“關(guān)門打狗”“甕中捉鱉”。馬道又稱礓察，共展示運(yùn)送軍用物資，將城磚立起來砌，主要為了防滑。

跨入第一道城墻，門洞兩側(cè)各排列著三個(gè)較小的藏兵洞，城門上樓基中則有7個(gè)較大的藏兵洞坐南朝北一字排開。東西礓察下，還各筑有7個(gè)小藏兵洞，總共能藏兵三千人，可供士兵休息和存放軍用物資。

大門同種還展出了數(shù)十種城磚，是當(dāng)時(shí)152個(gè)縣燒制的3.5億塊城磚中的代表，陳列的每塊磚側(cè)面都印有時(shí)間和制磚的州，府，縣燒窯工匠和監(jiān)造官員的姓名，一是負(fù)責(zé)到人。磚的規(guī)格長度一般為40至50厘米，寬20至22厘米，厚10至15厘米，重15至25公斤，大都是沿大運(yùn)河和長江運(yùn)抵南京的，磚上的書法篆刻技法嫻熟，沉雄渾厚，件件都是藝術(shù)品，給人以美的享受。

從北面的閘樓上往下看，就是內(nèi)秦淮河，正對(duì)城門的橋覺鎮(zhèn)淮橋，著名的朱雀橋故址也在附近。站在城墻上向南望去，是跨越外秦淮河的長干橋，“郎騎竹馬來，繞床弄青梅。同居長干里，兩小無嫌猜。”著名詩人李白的《長干行》就源出這里。

中華門城墻上留下的累累彈痕，多少次正義與邪惡在這里較量，洪秀全率太平天國農(nóng)民起義軍和清軍的一次次激戰(zhàn)；辛亥革命江浙聯(lián)軍司令徐紹楨指揮部隊(duì)與張勛的清軍殊死搏斗；最驚心動(dòng)魄，可歌可泣的是抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的南京保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，唐生智率領(lǐng)守軍四十八師頂住了日軍三十多次沖鋒，六千多名官兵壯烈犧牲，譜寫了中華民族的正氣歌。

南京十三座城門分布流傳著這么首民歌：“三山聚寶臨通濟(jì)，洪武朝陽鎮(zhèn)太平，神策進(jìn)串定中阜，儀鳳清涼到石城”。現(xiàn)存的明代城門有聚寶門，神策門，清涼門，石城門，和重修的朝陽門。南京城門除了“內(nèi)十三”之外，還有外城門十八座，是南京的由一道屏障，這些外城早已被毀，只留下地名。將現(xiàn)存的23.743公里明城墻分割成七個(gè)自然保護(hù)段串聯(lián)起來，建成后的明城墻風(fēng)光帶將設(shè)置一級(jí)景區(qū)5個(gè)，二級(jí)景區(qū)7個(gè)，形成融山水城林為一體的古都風(fēng)貌。

篇三：中華門城堡-英文簡(jiǎn)介

zhonghuaGate

zhonghuaGateisthesouthgateofnanjingcity,JiangsuProvince.asapreciousculturalrelic,zhonghuaGatehasthedoubledistinctionofbeingthebiggestcastle-stylecitygateinchinaandthemostcomplicatedcastleintheworld.itisthecastle’smagnificentscale,delicatestructureandthegreatskillwithwhichitwasbuiltthatbequeathitanimportantplaceinchina’smilitaryandarchitecturaltraditions.

Thebuildingofnanjing’simposingcitywallsbeganin1366,orderedbyzhuYuanzhangwhoadoptedthesuggestionof“buildingthehighwas”byhisminister,namedzhuSheng,andfoundedthemingdynastytwoyearslaterin1368.EmperorzhuYuanzhangthenmadenanjingasthecapitalofthemingdynastyandhadthewallprojectexpandedtodefenditfromattack.whencompletedin1386,thewallwasthelongestinchina,33,676kilometersincircumference,andh