Unit11.知識點語法作文背默（默寫版）

Unit11.知識點，語法，作文背默語法精講一般過去時(一)1.定義。一般過去時表示過去某個時間或某一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。2.結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)肯定句:主語+動詞過去式+其他。例如:Iplayedthepianoyesterday.我昨天彈鋼琴了。(2)否定句:①主語+was/were+not+其他。例如:Themoviewasnotinterestingatalllastweek.上周的電影非常無聊。②主語+didn’t+動詞原形+其他。例如:Mymotherdidn’tgotoworkyesterday.我媽媽昨天沒去上班。(3)一般疑問句:①Was/Were+主語+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語+was/were。否定回答:No,主語+was/werenot。例如:—WasMaryilllastweek?瑪麗上周生病了嗎?—Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.是的,她生病了。/不,她沒有生病。②Did+主語+動詞原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語+did。否定回答:No,主語+didn’t。例如:—Didshegotothezoo?她去動物園了嗎?—Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.是,她去了。/不,她沒有。(4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?例如:Wheredidyougolastsummer?去年夏天你去哪里了?注意:在含be動詞的句式中,主語是第一、三人稱單數(shù)形式時用was,其他人稱用were。3.規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成。(1)一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed。例如:clean→cleaned,visit→visited(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞在詞尾加-d。例如:live→lived,change→changed(3)末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-ed。例如:stop→stopped,plan→planned(4)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed。例如:study→studied,carry→carried語法精練Ⅰ.寫出下列動詞的過去式1.do 2.worry

3.see 4.grow

5.take 6.visit

7.buy 8.stop

9.go 10.study

11.am/is 12.are

Ⅱ.根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Myparents(be)bothathomeyesterday.

2.They(stay)inAustralialastweek.

3.Myfather(grow)someroseslastyear.

4.—Whatdidtheydojustnow?—They(feed)cowsongrass.

5.—Howwasyourweekend?—Itwasgreat.I(go)tothemountainswithmyfamily.

Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞1.他昨天沒有遲到。Heyesterday.

2.昨天晚上他們做什么了?theylastnight?

3.幸運的是,我在北京見到了董卿。,IDongQinginBeijing.

4.我去年學習了很多關于電腦的知識。Imuchknowledgecomputerslastyear.

知識點精講SectionADoyouoftengoforawalk?goforawalk“”，也可用take/haveawalk或動詞walk?！駁oforawalkto+地點名詞，意為“去某地散步”，●但在here,there,home等地點副詞前，不加.Let’sgoforawalk/take,haveawalkalongthestreet.It’ssunnytoday.Whataboutgoingforawalkwithme?2.milkacow?Feedchickens?●milkv.“給.....擠奶”,milk也可做名詞，意為“牛奶”milka/thecow擠牛奶Ihelpfathermilkthecowonthefarm.Wouldyouliketodrinksomemilk?●feedv.“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”，后面可以直接接賓語,過去式為fed.Ispendanhourfeedingmydogeveryday.feedsth.tosth/sb（把.....喂給......)feed...on/with...（用......喂....)feedonCowsandhorsesfeedongrass.以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)化Ifedthegrass/carrots/bambootothesesheep/pig/rabbit/panda.=Ifedthesesheepwith/onthegrass.Motherisfeedingmilktobaby.=Motherisfeedingthebadywithmilk.●chickenn.（可數(shù)）雞，小雞，（不可數(shù)）雞肉3.-Didyouseeanycows?-Yes,Idid.Isawquitealot.quitealot(of)“許多，大量”，后可以接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。Therearequitealotofpolice/people/carsonthestreet.Everyweekhespendsquitealotoftime/hoursplayinggames.●quitealot也可以單獨使用。I

play

tennis

quite

a

lot

in

the

summer.

●quite

a

little(

相當多)+不可數(shù)名詞There

is

quite

a

little

water

in

the

bottle.

●quite

a

few

(相當多)+可數(shù)名詞

Quite

a

few

students

were

late.

Didyoulearnanything?anything復合不定代詞，用于否定句或疑問句中，代替something,意為“某事，某物，任何事或物”●用于肯定句時，意為“任何事或物”?！裨诒硎菊埱?，建議的問句中，用something,不用anything.【拓展】復合不定代詞指物的還包括everything,nothing,指人的包括everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,anyone/anybody,nobody。*復合不定代詞被形容詞修飾時，放于形容詞之前。*復合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的用單數(shù)。4.Didyougrowanyapples?growvt.“種植，栽培”，vi.“生長，發(fā)育”，過去式為grew.Wegrowflowers/treesandvegetablesinthegarden.Theseflowers/animalslikegrowingintherainyweather.【拓展】growup長大5.thefarmershowedusaroundthefarm.showsb.aroundsp.“”showsb.in/outThedoctorshowedusaroundthenewhospital/school/office/farm.【拓展】showv.“給.....看，出示，顯示”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)showsb.sth=showsth.tosb.（給某人看某物）helearnsalotaboutfarming.●learnabout...“”Iwanttolearnmoreaboutcomputer/news/languages/culture/history.【拓展】learnfromsb.“”,learntodosth.●farmn.---farmingn.---farmern.Theweatheristoocoldforthefarmerstobegintheirfarming.7.hepickedsomestrawberriesandtookthemback.pickv.“”Weoftenpickthemushroomsafterrain.不要在公園里采花?！就卣埂縫ickup，pickoutShepickedupthemagazine/penfromtheground.8.Howwasyourtriplastweek?Howwas/were....?...怎么樣？常用回答itwasgreat/OK/notbad.tripn.旅行●常用短語goonatrip=haveatrip去旅行goonatripto+地點名詞（去某地旅行）Doyouwanttogoonatrip/haveatripwithusnextweek?Wheredoyouwanttogoonatrip/haveatripthissummervacation?【拓展】goon的一些短語goonapicnic/vacation（去野餐/去度假）9.excellentexcellentadj.極好的，優(yōu)秀的，多用于肯定句Jaychouisanexcellentsinger.Everythingyoudidisexcellent.10.inthecountryside/inthecountry在鄉(xiāng)下，在農(nóng)村11.Itissomuchfun.●somuch“”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞或動詞Therewassomuchnoise/snow/raininthestreet.Youarefullandyoucan’teattoomuch.【拓展】somuch與somany的區(qū)別Therearesomanypostoffices/policestationsonthestreet.Themanhadsomuchmoney/time/work/funeveryday.【回顧】toomany,toomuch,muchtootoomany+可數(shù)名詞toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞，或放于動詞后，修飾動詞muchtoo+形容詞或副詞●funn.“樂趣，趣事，開心”，是不可數(shù)名詞。great,much,alotof修飾常用短語havefun（玩的開心，過得愉快）havefundoingsth.Skatingisgreatfun.Childrenarehavingfuninthepark.12.weworrieditwouldrain.Howwasthetrip?worryv.“”，常做不及物動詞，●構(gòu)成worryaboutsb./sth（擔心某人或某事）。做及物動詞時，意為“使......擔心或擔憂”Don’tworryaboutthehotsummer/food/winterinXi’an.Thisproblemsworryeveryonehere.●worriedadj.擔心的，焦慮的常構(gòu)成短語beworriedabout=worryaboutWhatareyouworriedabout?Iamworriedaboutmymath/height/health.10.luckily,itdidn’t,andthesuncameoutagain.luckilyadv.“”，常放于句首，修飾整個句子。Luckily,thetripisfreeforus.幸運的是，我們按時到校了?！就卣埂縧uckily的形容詞是lucky,名詞為luck（運氣，幸運）Goodlucktoyou.祝你好運。反義詞unluckily不幸地Youarealuckydog.Everyonelikesyou.comeout“”Thedogoftencomesoutofthesmalldoor.Hisnewbookwillcomeoutnextweek.SectionB1.visitafirestation參觀消防站fire(un.)物質(zhì)名詞“火”，(cn.)“爐火；火災”(v.)開火Eg:Don’tplaywithfire,becauseit’sverydangerous.Therewasabigfireinthenextstreetlastnight.拓展：關于fire的常見短語：beonfire著火catchafire著火makeafire生火putoutthefire滅火playwithfire玩火2.sawsomepaintings看到一些油畫painting（cn.）意為“油畫；繪畫”Eg:Therearesomepaintingsonthewall.拓展：=1\*GB3①paint(v.)，“繪畫；給......上油漆”指用顏料或涂料作畫，其余的‘畫畫’常用drawEg:Myeldersisterislearningtopaintinaschool.Hepaintedthewallred.=2\*GB3②painter(cn.)“畫家；油漆工”，drawer抽屜3.exciting令人激動的辨析:exciting與excited兩者都用作形容詞，都有“興奮”之意，但用法不同exciting常說明事物具有的特征在句中可作定語或表語excited常說明人的感受在句中常作表語，此時主語通常為人Eg:Everyonewasexcitedwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.beexcitedaboutsth.對某物感到興奮Eg.Iamexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.4.expensive(adj.)意為“昂貴的”，其反義詞為cheap“便宜的”Eg:Theyoungmancan’tbuyanexpensivehousenow,sohebuysacheapone.注意：sthbeexpensive/dear/cheap=thepriceofsth.ishigh/lowEg:--Whydon’tyoubuythesweater?--It’stooexpensive,andIdon’thavemuchmoneytobuyit.5.fast（adv.）意為“快地”，反義詞為slowly(慢地）；（adj.）意為“快的”，反義詞為slow（慢的）Eg:Theboyrunsfast.Wecantakeafasttrain.fast運動速度之快run/drive/ridefastquickly動作反應敏捷或完成得快，具有即刻行動，好不耽擱之意eat/finishsth.quicklysoon指時間上的快，不久的將來會發(fā)生某個動作或者某種情況6.ToadyIwentonaschooltrip.今天我參加了一次學校旅行。goonatrip意為“去旅行”=haveatripgoonatriptosp.意為“到某地去旅行”Eg:Doyouwanttogoonatripwithme?HewentonatriptoShanghailastyear.拓展：goon常與表示旅行、遠足、野餐、航海等的名詞連用，意為“去......”goonahike去遠足goonapicnic=haveapicnic去野餐goonavisit=payavisit去訪問goonavacation去度假7.Thentheguidetaughtushowtomakeamodelrobot.guide(cn.)“導游；向?qū)А?tourguideEg:Theguideshowedusaroundthemuseum.guide(v.)“帶領；引導”Eg:Sheguidedherstudentsacrosstheroad.疑問詞+動詞不定式,可作賓語/表語可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的有：疑問代詞what/which/who+todosth.疑問副詞when/where/how+todosth.Eg:Idon’tknowhowtospelltheword.我不知道怎樣拼寫這個單詞。Themainproblemishowtofinishtheworkontime.主要的問題是怎樣按時完成這項工作。8.Afterthat,Iwenttothegiftshopandboughtsomelovelygiftsformyparents.gift(cn.)“禮物；贈品”，=presentEg:Thanksforyourgift.謝謝你的禮物。Hegaveherthenotebookasagift.lovely(adj.)“”=cuteEg:Whatalovelygirl!多么可愛的女孩！拓展:英語中有一些和lovely一樣以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，而不是副詞。friendly友好的lively生氣勃勃的；（色彩）鮮艷的lonely孤獨的；寂寞的9.Allinall,itwasanexcitingday.allinall“”，常用于句首，用來對所闡述的內(nèi)容進行概括性總結(jié)及歸納。Eg:Allinall,itisagreatsuccess.總的來說，它非常成功。拓展：=1\*GB3①inall意為“”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。Eg:Therearethirtystudentsinall.共有30名學生。=2\*GB3②atall意為“根本”，常用于否定句中，be/do/does/did/情態(tài)動詞+not...atall意為“根本不”Eg:Hedoesn’tlikeapplesatall.他根本不喜歡蘋果。Notatall=That’sallright/OK=You’rewelcome=Noproblem=(It’s)Mypleasure不用謝/別客氣10.Ithinktoday’sschooltripwasterrible.我認為今天的學校旅行非常糟糕。本句為含有賓語從句的主從復合句,主句為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句根據(jù)具體情況選用所需時態(tài)。Eg:Ithinkheisagoodboy.我認為他是一個好男孩。Idon’tknowwhenthetrainarrived.我不知道火車是什么時候到達地。Canyoutellmewhosheislookingfor?你能告訴我她正在找誰嗎？注意：當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第一人稱且謂語是think/believe/guess等詞時，如果要對賓語從句進行否定，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，即“否定前移”Eg:Idon’tthinkhecananswerthisquestion.我認為他回答不出這個問題。Idon’tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不會來。11.Itwassohotontheslowtrain.slow(adj.)意為“”，其反義詞為fastEg:Whyareyousoslow?Hurryup!It’slate.Helikeslisteningtoslowmusic.拓展:slowly(adv.)意為“緩慢地；慢慢地”，可置于句首或動詞之后作狀語。Eg:Slowlythingsbegantoimprove.Couldyouspeakmoreslowly?常見的可放于句首，可單獨使用的副詞有：slowly/luckily/unluckily/unhappily/happilyEg.Unluckily,Ididn’tpasstheexam.12.EverythingwasaboutrobotsandI’mnotinterestedinthat.一切都是關于機器人的，我對那方面不感興趣。everything復合不定代詞,“所有事物；一切”。everything作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eg:Ihopeeverythinggoeswell.Eg:Whocanknoweverything?beinterestedin(doing)sth.意為“對(做)某事感興趣”Eg:Heisinterestedinplayingfootball.我對踢足球感興趣。辨析：interested與interestinginteresting常表示某物具有令人感興趣的特征，常說明事物可作表語或定語interested常表示某人對某事物感興趣，常說明人常作表語Eg：Thegameisreallyinteresting.That’saninterestingquestion.I’minterestedinmusic.13.Theroomswerereallydarkanditwasdifficulttotakephotos...dark (adj.)“黑暗的；昏暗的”，反義詞為bright,意為“光明的；光線充足的”Eg:It’sgettingdark.天快黑了。拓展：=1\*GB3①dark(adj.)“（顏色）深的”，反義詞為light,意為“（顏色）淺的”Eg:Ilikedarkblue.=2\*GB3②dark（n.）“黑暗；暗處”inthedark在暗處Eg:Shecouldseenothinginthedark.14.TherewerealsotoomanypeopleandIcouldn’treallyseeorheartheguide.而且，太多人，我看不到導游，也聽不見導游的解說。hear（vt.）,意為“聽到；聽見”，hear+n/pron.(賓)/that從句，其過去式為heardEg:Iheardastrangenoiseinthemiddleofthenight.半夜里我聽到一種奇怪的聲音。IhearthatyouwatchedJourneytotheWestlastnight.拓展：=1\*GB3①hearsb.dosth.表示“聽見某人做了某事或經(jīng)常做某事”hearsb.doingsth.表示“聽見某人正在做某事”Eg:Ioftenheartheyoungmansinginthenextroom.IheardthemlaughingwhenIpassedhisroom.=2\*GB3②hear（vi.）常見短語：hearof/about意為“聽說”；hearfromsb.“接到...的來信（電話等）”Eg:Iheardof/aboutityesterday.Ioftenhearfrommysister.辨析：hear與listenhearvt.強調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果其后直接接賓語listenvi強調(diào)“聽”的動作后接賓語時，要加介詞toEg：Canyouhearanything？你能聽到什么嗎？Listen!Thegirlissinging.聽那個女孩正在唱歌。Thisgirllikestolistentotheradio.這個女孩喜歡聽收音機。15.Ididn’tlikethetripatallnot...atall根本不，完全不單元話題寫作寫作要求本單元的話題是“旅行經(jīng)歷”,涉及旅途中的所見所聞及所做的事情,讓別人了解某次旅行的體驗。在具體的寫作中,學生應做到以下幾點:1.能運用一般過去時表達在過去的某個或某段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài);2.能準確掌握規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則及一些不規(guī)則動詞過去式的形式;3.能運用本單元所學