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2024屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解高頻詞匯超詳細(xì)梳理(感情

類(lèi))講義

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解高頻詞匯超詳細(xì)梳理(感情類(lèi))

單詞詳解

1.overcome(ovrkm)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:克服,戰(zhàn)勝

例句:Shefinallyovercameherfearofpublicspeaking.

(她最終克服了對(duì)公開(kāi)演講的恐懼。)

同義詞:conquer,defeat,surmount

反義詞:succumb,yield,surrender

搭配:overcomedifficulties/obstacles/challenges(克服

困難/障礙/挑戰(zhàn))

拓展詞組:beovercomewithemotion(被情緒淹沒(méi))

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與overlook(忽視)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

overcome:Iovercamemyshynessandtalkedtoher.(我克

服了我的害羞,和她說(shuō)話(huà)了。)

overlook:Ioverlookedafewmistakesinthereport.(我

忽略了報(bào)告中的一些錯(cuò)誤。)

串記例句:Withdetermination,wecanovercomeany

challenge.(只要有決心,我們就能克服任何挑戰(zhàn)。)

2.annoy(n)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:使煩惱,使生氣

例句:Theconstantnoisefromtheconstructionsite

annoyedtheneighbours.(建筑工地持續(xù)不斷的噪音惹惱了鄰居們。)

同義詞:irritate,bother,disturb

反義詞:please,delight,soothe

搭配:beannoyedby/withsomething/someone(被某事/某人

惹惱)

拓展詞組:toone'sannoyance(令人煩惱的是)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與annoyance(煩惱)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

annoy:Hisbadhabitsreallyannoyme.(他的壞習(xí)慣真的讓

我很煩惱。)

annoyance:Myannoyancegrewasthemeetingdraggedon.(隨

著會(huì)議的拖延,我的煩惱越來(lái)越大。)

串記例句:Trynottoletlittlethingsannoyyou.(盡量

不要讓小事惹惱你c)

3.despair(dsper)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:絕望,失望

例句:Hefeltasenseofdespairafterlosinghisjob.(失

去工作后,他感到絕望。)

同義詞:hopelessness,desperation

反義詞:hope,optimism

搭配:indespair(絕望地)

拓展詞組:acryofdespair(絕望的呼喊)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與desperate(絕望的)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

despair:Shewasfilledwithdespairaftertheaccident.

(事故發(fā)生后,她充滿(mǎn)了絕望。)

desperate:Hewasdesperatetofindacureforhisillness.

(他拼命想找到治療疾病的方法。)

串記例句:Nevergiveuphope,eveninthedarkestmoments

ofdespair.(即使在最黑暗的絕望時(shí)刻,也不要放棄希望。)

4.frustrate(frstret)

詞性:動(dòng)詞/形容詞

中文釋義:使沮喪,使灰心;令人沮喪的

例句:Theheavytrafficfrustratedherattemptstoarrive

ontime.(擁堵的交通使她準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的嘗試受挫。)

同義詞:thwart,hinder,disappoint

反義詞:satisfy,fulfill,please

搭配:befrustratedby/withsomething/someone(被某事/

某人感到沮喪)

拓展詞組:afrustratingexperience(令人沮喪的經(jīng)歷)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與frustration(沮喪)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

frustrate:Thelanguagebarrierfrustratedour

communication.(語(yǔ)言障礙阻礙了我們的交流。)

frustration:Heexpressedhisfrustrationatthelackof

progress.(他對(duì)缺乏進(jìn)展表示沮喪。)

串記例句:Don*tletsetbacksfrustrateyou;learnfrom

themandkeepmovingforward.(不要讓挫折使你灰心;從中吸取

教訓(xùn),繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。)

5.embarrass(mbrs)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:使尷尬,使難堪

例句:Hewasembarrassedbyhismistakeinfrontofthe

wholeclass.(他在全班同學(xué)面前犯了錯(cuò)誤,感到很尷尬。)

同義詞:humiliate,mortify,shame

反義詞:flatter,compliment,please

搭配:beembarrassedabout/bysomething(對(duì)某事感到尷尬)

拓展詞組:anembarrassingsituation(尷尬的局面)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與embarrassment(尷尬)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

embarrass:Herquestionsembarrassedhim.(她的問(wèn)題讓他

感到尷尬。)

embarrassment:Heblushedwithembarrassment.(他羞愧得

臉紅了。)

串記例句:Everyonemakesmistakes;don*tletthem

embarrassyou.(每個(gè)人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò);不要讓它們讓你難堪。)

6.envy(nvi)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:嫉妒,羨慕

例句:Sheenviedherfriend*ssuccess.(她羨慕她朋友的

成功。)

同義詞:jealousy,covetousness

反義詞:admiration,contentment

搭配:envysomeoneforsomething(嫉妒某人擁有某物)

拓展詞組:greenwithenvy(非常嫉妒)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與jealousy(嫉妒)的細(xì)微差別:envy強(qiáng)調(diào)

對(duì)他人所擁有的東西的渴望,而jealousy更多地包含了害怕失去自

己所擁有的東西的成分。

例句辨析:

envy:Ienvyhertalentformusic.(我羨慕她的音樂(lè)天賦。)

jealousy:Hefeltapangofjealousywhenhesawherwith

anotherman.(當(dāng)他看到她和另一個(gè)男人在一起時(shí),他感到一陣嫉妒。)

串記例句:Envyisanegativeemotion;focusonyourown

strengthsandachievements.(嫉妒是一種負(fù)面情緒;專(zhuān)注于你自

己的優(yōu)勢(shì)和成就。)

7.neglect(nglkt)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:忽視,疏忽

例句:Thegardenwasovergrownduetoneglect.(由于疏

于管理,花園雜草叢生。)

同義詞:disregard,ignore,overlook

反義詞:care,attention,concern

搭配:neglectone'sduties/responsibilities(忽視自己的

職責(zé)/責(zé)任)

拓展詞組:aneglectedchild(被忽視的孩子)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與negligence(疏忽)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

neglect:Heneglectedhishealthandbecameill.(他忽視

了自己的健康,結(jié)果病倒了。)

negligence:Theaccidentwascausedbynegligence.(事故

是由于疏忽造成的c)

8.oppress(prs)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:壓迫,壓制

例句:Thegovernmentoppressedthepeoplewithstrictlaws.

(政府用嚴(yán)厲的法律壓迫人民。)

同義詞:suppress,tyrannize,persecute

反義詞:liberate,free,emancipate

搭配:oppressthepoor/weak/minorities(壓迫窮人/弱者/

少數(shù)民族)

拓展詞組:anoppressiveregime(壓迫政權(quán))

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與suppress(鎮(zhèn)壓)的區(qū)別:oppress強(qiáng)調(diào)持

續(xù)的、系統(tǒng)性的壓迫,而suppress強(qiáng)調(diào)壓制某種行為或思想。

例句辨析:

oppress:Thedictatoroppressedhispeopleformanyyears.

(獨(dú)裁者多年來(lái)一直壓迫人民。)

suppress:Thegovernmenttriedtcsuppresstheprotests.

(政府試圖鎮(zhèn)壓抗議活動(dòng)。)

串記例句:Wemustfightagainstoppressionandinjustice

whereverwefindit.(我們必須與壓迫和不公正作斗爭(zhēng),無(wú)論在哪

里發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。)

9.admire(dmar)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:欽佩,贊賞

例句:Iadmirehercourageanddetermination.(我欽佩她

的勇氣和決心。)

同義詞:respect,esteem,appreciate

反義詞:despise,scorn,loathe

搭配:admiresomeoneforsomething(因某事欽佩某人)

拓展詞組:befullofadmirationforsomeone(對(duì)某人充滿(mǎn)

欽佩)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與like(喜歡)的區(qū)別:admire強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某人

品質(zhì)或成就的敬佩,而like更多地指對(duì)某人的好感。

例句辨析:

admire:Iadmirehisdedicationtohiswork.(我欽佩他對(duì)

工作的奉獻(xiàn)精神。)

like:Ilikespendingtimewithher.(我喜歡和她在一起。)

串記例句:Findpeopleyouadmireandlearnfromtheir

example.(找到你欽佩的人,并以他們?yōu)榘駱?。?/p>

10.restrain(rstren)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:抑制,控制

例句:Hehadtorestrainhimselffromlaughing.(他不得

不忍住不笑。)

同義詞:control,curb,restrict

反義詞:unleash,release,indulge

搭配:restrainone'sanger/emotions(控制自己的憤怒/情

緒)

拓展詞組:underrestraint(被控制)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與restrict(限制)的區(qū)別:restrain強(qiáng)調(diào)

控制或阻止某種行為或情感,而restrict強(qiáng)調(diào)限制范圍或數(shù)量。

例句辨析:

restrain:Thepolicehadtorestrainthesuspect.(警察

不得不控制住嫌疑犯。)

restrict:Thegovernmentrestrictedfreedomofspeech.(政

府限制了言論自由c)

串記例句:Sometimesitisnecessarytorestrainour

impulses.(有時(shí)我們需要控制我們的沖動(dòng)。)

11.relieve(rliv)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:減輕,緩解

例句:Themedicinerelievedherpain.(藥減輕了她的疼痛。)

同義詞:ease,alleviate,lessen

反義詞:worsen,aggravate,intensify

搭配:relievepain/stress/anxiety(減輕疼痛/壓力/焦慮)

拓展詞組:asighofrelief(如釋重負(fù)的嘆息)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與release(釋放)的區(qū)別:relieve強(qiáng)調(diào)減

輕負(fù)擔(dān)或痛苦,而release強(qiáng)調(diào)解除束縛或壓力。

例句辨析:

relieve:Thenewsrelievedherworries.(這個(gè)消息減輕了

她的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。)

release:Theprisonerwasreleasedafterservinghis

sentence.(囚犯服刑期滿(mǎn)后被釋放。)

串記例句:Exercisecanhelprelievestressandimprove

yourmood.(運(yùn)動(dòng)可以幫助緩解壓力,改善心情。)

12.complain(kmpien)

詞性:動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:抱怨,訴苦

例句:Shecomplainedaboutthenoisefromtheneighbours.

(她抱怨鄰居的噪音。)

同義詞:grumble,whine,protest

反義詞:praise,compliment,approve

搭配:complainaboutsomething/someone(抱怨某事/某人)

拓展詞組:aconstantcomplainer(總是抱怨的人)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與complaint(抱怨)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

complain:Hecomplainedabouttheserviceattherestaurant.

(他抱怨餐廳的服務(wù)。)

complaint:Themanagerlistenedtohercomplaint.(經(jīng)理

聽(tīng)取了她的抱怨。)

串記例句:Insteadofcomplaining,trytofindasolution

totheproblem.(與其抱怨,不如試著找到解決問(wèn)題的方法。)

13.insult(nsIt)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:侮辱,ocKop6jieHne

例句:Hiswordswereadeliberateinsulttoher.(他的

話(huà)是故意侮辱她。)

同義詞:offend,abuse,affront

反義詞:compliment,praise,flatter

搭配:insultsomeone'sintelligence/dignity(侮辱某人的

智力/尊嚴(yán))

拓展詞組:addinsulttoinjury(雪上加霜)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與insulting(侮辱性的)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

insult:Shefeltinsultedbyhisremarks.(她覺(jué)得他的話(huà)

是在侮辱她。)

insulting:Hemadesomeinsultingcommentsabouther

appearance.(他對(duì)她的外表發(fā)表了一些侮辱性的評(píng)論。)

串記例句:Itisneverrighttoinsultsomeone,evenifyou

areangry.(侮辱別人永遠(yuǎn)是不對(duì)的,即使你很生氣。)

14.conscious(kans)

詞性:形容詞

中文釋義:意識(shí)到的,清醒的

例句:Shewasconsciousofhispresenceintheroom.(她

意識(shí)到他在房間里c)

同義詞:aware,awake,alert

反義詞:unconscious,unaware,asleep

搭配:beconsciousofsomething/someone(意識(shí)到某事/某

人)

拓展詞組:consciouseffort(有意識(shí)的努力)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與conscience(良心)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

conscious:Hewasconsciousofthedanger.(他意識(shí)至U危險(xiǎn)。)

conscience:Herconsciencebotheredheraftershetolda

lie.(撒謊后,她的良心受到了譴責(zé)。)

串記例句:Weshouldbeconsciousofourimpactonthe

environment.(我們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到我們對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。)

15.subconscious(sbkans)

詞性:形容詞/名詞

中文釋義:潛意識(shí)的;潛意識(shí)

例句:Oursubconsciousmindscaninfluenceourthoughts

andbehavior.(我們的潛意識(shí)會(huì)影響我們的思想和行為。)

同義詞:unconscious

反義詞:conscious

搭配:subconsciousdesires/fears(潛意識(shí)的欲望/恐懼)

拓展詞組:tapintothesubconscious(挖掘潛意識(shí))

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與unconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的)的區(qū)別:

subconscious指的是潛意識(shí),即未被意識(shí)到的心理活動(dòng);

unconscious則指沒(méi)有意識(shí),例如昏迷狀態(tài)。

例句辨析:

subconscious:Hissubconsciousmindwasstillprocessing

thetraumaticexperience.(他的潛意識(shí)仍在處理那段創(chuàng)傷經(jīng)歷。)

unconscious:Hewasknockedunconsciousbytheblowtohis

head.(他頭部遭到重?fù)艉蠡杳圆恍?。?/p>

串記例句:Dreamscanofferinsightsintooursubconscious

minds.(夢(mèng)境可以提供我們潛意識(shí)的洞察力。)

16.intense(ntns)

詞性:形容詞

中文釋義:強(qiáng)烈的,劇烈的

例句:Shefeltintensejoyatthebirthofherchild.(孩

子出生時(shí),她感到無(wú)比的喜悅。)

同義詞:strong,powerful,extreme

反義詞:mild,weak,moderate

搭配:intenseheat/pain/emotions(強(qiáng)烈的熱/疼痛/情緒)

拓展詞組:anintensestare(強(qiáng)烈的凝視)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與intensive(密集的)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

intense:Thecompetitionwasintense.(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈。)

intensive:Shetookanintensivelanguagecourse.(她參

加了密集的語(yǔ)言課程。)

串記例句:Hisintensepassionformusicwasevidentinhis

performance.(他對(duì)音樂(lè)的強(qiáng)烈熱情在他的表演中顯而易見(jiàn)。)

17.eager(igr)

詞性:形容詞

中文釋義:渴望的,熱切的

例句:Thechildrenwereeagertoopentheirpresents.(孩

子們迫不及待地想打開(kāi)他們的禮物。)

同義詞:keen,enthusiastic,avid

反義詞:reluctant,hesitant,apathetic

搭配:beeagertodosomething(渴望做某事)

拓展詞組:eageranticipation(熱切的期待)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與anxious(焦慮的)的區(qū)別:eager強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)

某事的積極期待,而anxious則包含了擔(dān)憂(yōu)和不安的情緒。

例句辨析:

eager:Hewaseagertolearnmoreaboutthesubject.(他

渴望了解更多關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的知識(shí)。)

anxious:Shewasanxiousabouttheupcomingexam.(她對(duì)

即將到來(lái)的考試感到焦慮。)

串記例句:Shewaseagertoembarkonanewadventure.(她

渴望開(kāi)始新的冒險(xiǎn)°)

18.optimistic(ptmstk)

詞性:形容詞

中文釋義:樂(lè)觀的,積極的

例句:Hewasoptimisticaboutthefuture.(他對(duì)未來(lái)充滿(mǎn)

樂(lè)觀。)

同義詞:hopeful,positive,cheerful

反義詞:pessimistic,negative,gloomy

搭配:beoptimisticaboutsomething(對(duì)某事感到樂(lè)觀)

拓展詞組:anoptimisticoutlook(樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與optimism(樂(lè)觀)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

optimistic:Sheremainedoptimisticdespitethechallenges.

(盡管面臨挑戰(zhàn),她仍然保持樂(lè)觀。)

optimism:Hisoptimismwascontagious.(他的樂(lè)觀情緒很有

感染力。)

串記例句:Itisimportanttostayoptimisticevenwhen

thingsaretough.(即使在困難的時(shí)候,保持樂(lè)觀也很重要。)

19.negative(ngtv)

詞性:形容詞/名詞

中文釋義:否定的,消極的;負(fù)面事物

例句:Hehadanegativeattitudetowardseverything.(他

對(duì)一切都持消極態(tài)度。)

同義詞:pessimistic,cynical,critical

反義詞:positive,optimistic,constructive

搭配:negativethoughts/emotions/feedback(消極的想法/

情緒/反饋)

拓展詞組:anegativeimpact(負(fù)面影響)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與negativity(消極)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

negative:Shegaveanegativeanswertohisproposal.(她

拒絕了他的提議。)

negativity:Hewassurroundedbynegativity.(他周?chē)际?/p>

負(fù)面情緒。)

串記例句:Trytoavoidnegativeself-talk.(盡量避免消

極的自我對(duì)話(huà)。)

20.panic(pnk)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:恐慌,驚慌

例句:Panicspreadthroughthecrowdwhenthefirealarm

sounded.(火災(zāi)警報(bào)響起時(shí),人群中彌漫著恐慌。)

同義詞:fear,terror,alarm

反義詞:calm,composure,tranquility

搭配:beinapanic(驚慌失措)

拓展詞組:apanicattack(驚恐發(fā)作)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與panic-stricken(驚慌失措的)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

panic:Donftpanic!Wecanfindasolution.(不要驚慌!

我們可以找到解決辦法。)

panic-stricken:Thepassengerswerepanic-strickenwhen

theplanehitturbulence.(飛機(jī)遇到氣流顛簸時(shí),乘客們驚慌失

措。)

串記例句:Itisimportanttostaycalminacrisisandavoid

panicking.(在危機(jī)時(shí)刻保持冷靜,避免恐慌很重要。)

21.jealous(d1s)

詞性:形容詞

中文釋義:妒忌的,猜忌的

例句:Hewasjealousofhisbrother*ssuccess.(他嫉妒

他哥哥的成功。)

同義詞:envious,possessive,suspicious

反義詞:trusting,secure,confident

搭配:bejealousofsomeone/something(嫉妒某人/某物)

拓展詞組:ajealousrage(嫉妒的憤怒)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與envy(嫉妒)的細(xì)微差別:jealousy更多

地包含了害怕失去自己所擁有的東西的成分,而envy強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)他人所

擁有的東西的渴望C

例句辨析:

jealous:Shewasjealousofherfriend1snewboyfriend.(她

嫉妒她朋友的新男友。)

envious:I'menviousofyourabilitytospeakmultiple

languages.(我羨慕你能說(shuō)多種語(yǔ)言。)

串,己例句:Jealousycanbedestructivetorelationships.

(嫉妒會(huì)破壞人際關(guān)系。)

22.upset(pst)

詞性:形容詞/動(dòng)詞/名詞

中文釋義:心煩的,不安的;使心煩,使不安;令人心煩的事

例句:Shewasupsetbythenewsofherfriend'sillness.

(她聽(tīng)到朋友生病的消息后感到不安。)

同義詞:(adj.)disturbed,troubled,distressed;(v.)

disturb,trouble,distress

反義詞:(adj.)calm,happy,content;(v.)calm,soothe,

please

搭配:beupsetaboutsomething/someone(因某事/某人感到

不安)

拓展詞組:anupsetstomach(胃部不適)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意upset的多樣詞性和含義。

例句辨析:

upset(adj.):Thechildrenwereupsetwhentheirdogran

away.(他們的狗跑丟了,孩子們很難過(guò)。)

upset(v.):Don*tupsetthevase!(別打翻花瓶!)

upset(n.):Theteamcausedamajorupsetbydefeatingthe

champions.(這支隊(duì)伍擊敗了冠軍,造成了很大的冷門(mén)。)

串記例句:Takeadeepbreathandtrytocalmdownwhenyou

feelupset.(當(dāng)你感到不安時(shí),深呼吸并試著冷靜下來(lái)。)

23.sympathetic(smp0tk)

詞性:形容詞

中文釋義:同情的,理解的

例句:Shewassympathetictohisplight.(她同情他的困

境。)

同義詞:compassionate,understanding,caring

反義詞:unsympathetic,indifferent,cold

搭配:besympathetictosomeone/something(同情某人/某

事)

拓展詞組:asympatheticear(愿意傾聽(tīng)的人)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與sympathy(同情)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

sympathetic:Theteacherwassympathetictothestudent*s

problems.(老師同情學(xué)生的困難。)

sympathy:Ioffermydeepestsympathyforyourloss.(我

對(duì)你失去親人表示最深切的同情。)

串記例句:Ttisimportanttobesympathetictothefeelings

ofothers.(同情他人的感受很重要。)

24.concern(knsrn)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:關(guān)心,擔(dān)憂(yōu);使擔(dān)憂(yōu)

例句:Sheexpressedherconcernabouthishealth.(她表

達(dá)了對(duì)他的健康的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。)

同義詞:(n.)worry,anxiety,care;(v.)worry,bother,

affect

反義詞:(n.)indifference,apathy;(v.)ignore,disregard

搭配:beconcernedaboutsomething/someone(擔(dān)某事/

某人)

拓展詞組:amatterofconcern(令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的事情)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意concern的多樣詞性和含義。

例句辨析:

concern(n.):Hismainconcernwashisfamily'ssafety.(他

主要關(guān)心的是家人的安全。)

concern(v.):Therisingcrimerateconcernseveryone.(犯

罪率上升讓每個(gè)人都感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)。)

串記例句:Itisnaturaltofeelconcernforlovedones.

(關(guān)心愛(ài)的人是很自然的。)

25.hatred(hetrd)

詞性:名詞

中文釋義:憎恨,仇恨

例句:Hewasfilledwithhatredforhisenemies.(他對(duì)

他的敵人充滿(mǎn)了仇恨。)

同義詞:loathing,detestation,animosity

反義詞:love,affection,fondness

搭配:hatredforsomeone/something(對(duì)某人/某物的憎恨)

拓展詞組:alookofhatred(仇恨的眼神)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與hate(恨)的區(qū)別:hatred是一種強(qiáng)烈而

持久的情緒,而hate則可以是短暫的或程度較輕的。

例句辨析:

hatred:Hishatredforherconsumedhim.(他對(duì)她的仇恨吞

噬了他。)

hate:Ihatedoingchores.(我討厭做家務(wù)。)

串記例句:Hatredonlybreedsmorehatred.(仇恨只會(huì)滋生

更多的仇恨。)

26.affection(fkn)

詞性:名詞

中文釋義:喜愛(ài),感情

例句:Sheshowedgreataffectionforherchildren.(她

對(duì)孩子們表現(xiàn)出極大的愛(ài)意。)

同義詞:love,fondness,care

反義詞:hatred,dislike,aversion

搭配:haveaffectionforsomeone/something(喜歡某人/

某物)

拓展詞組:agestureofaffection(表示愛(ài)意的舉動(dòng))

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與love(愛(ài))的區(qū)別:affection是一種溫暖

而親切的感情,而love則可以更加強(qiáng)烈和深刻。

例句辨析:

affection:Hehadadeepaffectionforhisolddog.(他

對(duì)他的老狗有著深厚的感情。)

love:Shefellinlovewithhimatfirstsight.(她對(duì)他

一見(jiàn)鐘情。)

串記例句:Asimplehugcanexpressalotofaffection.(一

個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的擁抱可以表達(dá)很多愛(ài)意。)

27.passion(pn)

詞性:名詞

中文釋義:激情,熱情

例句:Hespokewithpassionabouthisbeliefs.(他充滿(mǎn)

激情地談?wù)撍男叛觥#?/p>

同義詞:enthusiasm,fervor,zeal

反義詞:apathy,indifference,boredom

搭配:haveapassionforsomething(對(duì)某事充滿(mǎn)熱情)

拓展詞組:apassionatespeech(充滿(mǎn)激情的演講)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與emotion(情緒)的區(qū)別:passion是一種

強(qiáng)烈而持久的情緒,而emotion則可以是任何一種感覺(jué)或情緒“

例句辨析:

passion:Shehasapassionfordancing.(她對(duì)舞蹈充滿(mǎn)熱

情。)

emotion:liewasovercomewithemotionatthesightofhis

newborndaughter.(看到剛出生的女兒,他激動(dòng)不已。)

串記例句:Followyourpassionsandliveafulfillinglife.

(追隨你的激情,過(guò)上充實(shí)的生活。)

28.preference(prfrns)

詞性:名詞

中文釋義:偏愛(ài),偏好

例句:Shehasapreferenceforclassicalmusic.(她偏愛(ài)

古典音樂(lè)。)

同義詞:liking,favorite,choice

反義詞:dislike,aversion

搭配:haveapreferenceforsomething/someone(偏愛(ài)某事

/某人)

拓展詞組:expressone'spreference(表達(dá)自己的偏好)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與prefer(更喜歡)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

preference:Mypreferenceistostayathometonight.(我

更喜歡今晚呆在家里。)

prefer:Ipreferteatocoffee.(我更喜歡茶而不是咖啡。)

串記例句:Everyonehasdifferentpreferences.(每個(gè)人都

有不同的偏好。)

29.stress(strs)

詞性:名詞/動(dòng)詞

中文釋義:壓力,緊張;強(qiáng)調(diào),使緊張

例句:Shewasfeelingstressedabouttheupcomingdeadline.

(她對(duì)即將到來(lái)的截止日期感到壓力。)

同義詞:(n.)pressure,strain,tension;(v.)emphasize,

highlight

反義詞:(n.)relaxation,calmness;(v.)downplay,

minimize

搭配:beunderstress(處于壓力之下)

拓展詞組:astressfulsituation(緊張的局勢(shì))

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意stress的多樣詞性和含義。

例句辨析:

stress(n.):Thestressofthejobwasgettingtohim.(工

作壓力讓他喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)。)

stress(v.):Thespeakerstressedtheimportanceof

education.(演講者強(qiáng)調(diào)了教育的重要性。)

串t己例句:Therearemanywaystomanagestress,suckas

exerciseandmeditation.(有很多方法可以管理壓力,例如運(yùn)動(dòng)和

冥想。)

30.gratitude(grttud)

詞性:名詞

中文釋義:感激,感恩

例句:Sheexpressedhergratitudefortheirhelp.(她表

達(dá)了對(duì)他們幫助的感激之情。)

同義詞:thankfulness,appreciation

反義詞:ingratitude,ungratefulness

搭配:feel/expressgratitudeforsomething/someone(對(duì)

某事/某人感到/表達(dá)感激)

拓展詞組:aheartfullofgratitude(充滿(mǎn)感激的心)

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥:注意與grateful(感激的)區(qū)分。

例句辨析:

gratitude:Ihaveimmensegratitudeformyfamilyand

friends.(我對(duì)我的家人和朋友無(wú)比感激。)

grateful:1amgratefulforyoursupport.(我很感激你的

支持。)

串記例句:Practicinggratitudecanimproveyouroverall

well-being.(練習(xí)感恩可以改善你的整體福祉。)

練習(xí):

一、選擇填空(選擇最合適的單詞填空)

Theteamwas_____(frustrated/frustrating)bytheir

repeatedfailures.

She(envied/admired)herfriend'stalentfor

painting.

Hefeltasenseof(despair/embarrassment)after

losingthecompetition.

Thechild1s(neglect/abuse)byhisparentswas

heartbreaking.

Theteacherwas(sympathetic/optimistic)tothe

studentfsconcerns.

Despitethechallenges,sheremained

(negative/optimistic)aboutthefuture.

Hetriedto____(restrain/relieve)hisanger,butitwas

difficult.

Theconstantnoisefromtheconstructionsite____

(annoyed/concerned)theresidents.

She____(complained/insulted)aboutthepoorserviceat

therestaurant.

Hefeltapangof____(jealousy/gratitude)whenhesaw

hisex-girlfriendwithsomeonenew.

二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

Thechildrenwere(eager)awaitingthearrivalof

SantaClaus.

His—(intense)gazemadeherfeeluncomfortable.

Shewas(conscious)ofthestaresfromtheother

passengers.

Themovie*sendingwasvery(upset).

Ihaveastrong____(prefer)forcoffeeovertea.

Hetriedto____(overcome)hisfearofheights.

Thecharityeventaimedto(relieve)thesuffering

ofrefugees.

Shefeltasenseof____(gratitude)forherfamily1s

support.

Thegovernment1spolicieswere(oppress)andunjust.

He(neglect)hisdutiesasafather.

三、完成句子(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子)

盡管比賽輸了,但他們沒(méi)有(法棄希望).

她對(duì)他的成就感到(又羨慕又嫉妒).

他對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的成功持(樂(lè)觀)態(tài)度.

不要讓______(消極的想法)阻礙你前進(jìn).

她試圖(控制)住自己的情緒.

他們對(duì)失去親人的人表示(同情).

他對(duì)藝術(shù)充滿(mǎn)______(熱情).

我對(duì)她安全感到(擔(dān)憂(yōu)).

她對(duì)他的______(侮辱)感到憤怒.

我們應(yīng)該對(duì)所擁有的一切心懷(感激).

四、閱讀理解

(一)

ThePowerofEmpathy

Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelings

ofothers,isafundamentalhumancapacitythatplaysacrucial

roleinoursociallives.Itallowsustoconnectwithothers

onadeeperlevel,buildstrongrelationships,andcreateamore

compassionateandcaringsociety.

Studieshaveshownthatempathyisessentialforeffective

communication,conflictresolution,andprosocialbehavior.

Whenweempathizewithothers,wearebetterabletoseethings

fromtheirperspective,understandtheirneeds,andrespondin

awaythatishelpfulandsupportive.

However,empathyisnotalwayseasy.Itrequiresustobe

opentotheexperiencesofothers,evenwhentheyaredifferent

fromourown.Italsorequiresustobewillingtofeel

uncomfortableemotions,suchassadness,anger,orfear.

Despitethesechallenges,cultivatingempathyisworththe

effort.Bydevelopingourcapacityforempathy,wecanimprove

ourrelationships,contributetoamorejustandequitable

world,andlivemorefulfillinglives.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage

a)Empathyisarareandspecialability.

b)Empathyisessentialforhumansocialinteraction.

c)Empathyisonlypossiblebetweenpeoplewhoaresimilar.

d)Empathyisthesameassympathy.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomebenefitsof

empathy

a)Improvedcommunication,conflictresolution,and

prosocialbehavior.

b)Increasedwealth,power,andstatus.

c)Enhancedphysicalhealthandwell-being.

d)Greatercreativityandintelligence.

3.Whatisonechallengeofempathymentionedinthepassage

a)Itrequiresustobeopentodifferentexperiences.

b)Itmakesusweakandvulnerable.

c)Itleadstoemotionalburnout.

d)Itistime-consumingandimpractical.

4.Theword"cultivating"inthepassageisclosestin

meaningto:

a)ignoring

b)criticizing

c)developing

d)suppressing

5.Whatistheauthor*soverallattitudetowardsempathy

a)Indifferent

b)Skeptical

c)Positive

d)Negative

(二)

TheBurdenofGratitude

Whilegratitudeisoftenseenasapositiveemotion,itcan

alsobeasourceofstressandanxietyforsomepeople.When

wefeelindebtedtoothers,wemayexperienceasenseof

obligationtorepaythem,whichcanleadtofeelingsofguilt,

inadequacy,orevenresentment.

Thisburdenofgratitudecanbeparticularlyheavywhenthe

favororgiftwereceivedissignificantorwhenwefeelunable

toreciprocateinkind.Itcanalsobeamplifiedbycultural

expectationsandsocialnormsthatemphasizetheimportanceof

repayingdebtsandexpressinggratitude.

However,itisimportanttorememberthatgratitudeisnot

atransaction.Whensomeonedoessomethingkindforus,they

arenotexpectinganythinginreturn.Thetruevalueof

gratitudeliesinthepositiveemotionsitgenerates,suchas

joy,appreciation,andconnection.

Ifyoufindyourselfstrugglingwiththeburdenof

gratitude,trytofocusonthepositiveaspectsofthesituation.

Remindyourselfthatthepersonwhohelpedyoudidsooutof

kindnessandthatyouarenotobligatedtorepaythem.Allow

yourselftosimplyfeelgratefulandenjoythepositive

emotionsthatcomewithit.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage

a)Gratitudeisalwaysapositiveemotion.

b)Gratitudecanbeaburdenforsomepeople.

c)Gratitudeisaculturalconstruct.

d)Gratitudeisthesameasindebtedness.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenmighttheburdenof

gratitudebeespeciallyheavy

a)Whenthefavorissmallandinsignificant.

b)Whenweareabletoeasilyreciprocate.

c)Whenweareindifferenttothepersonwhohelpedus.

d)Whenthefavorissignificantorwefeelunableto

reciprocate.

3.Theword"reciprocate"inthepassageisclosestin

meaningto:

a)reject

b)return

c)forget

d)criticize

4.Accordingtothepassage,wha;isthetruevalueof

gratitude

a)Thematerialbenefitsitbrings.

b)Thesenseofobligationitcreates.

c)Thepositiveemotionsitgenerates.

d)Thesocialstatusitconfers.

5.Whatadvicedoestheauthoroffertothosestruggling

withtheburdenofgratitude

a)Focusonrepayingthedebtassoonaspossible.

b)Avoidexpressinggratitudetoavoidfeelingobligated.

c)Focusonthepositiveaspectsofthesituationandallow

yourselftofeelgrateful.

d)Cutoffcontactwiththepersonwhohelpedyou.

(三)

TheComplexityofEnvy

Envyisacomplexemotionthatcanbebothdestructiveand

motivating.Itariseswhenweperceivethatsomeoneelsehas

somethingwedesire,whetheritbematerialpossessicns,

personalqualities,orachievements.

Whileenvycanleadtonegativebehaviors,suchas

resentment,gossip,orevensabotage,itcanalsoserveasa

powerfulmotivator.Whenweenvysomeone*ssuccess,itcan

inspireustoworkharderandstriveforsimilarachievements.

Thekeytoharnessingthepositivepotentialofenvylies

inunderstandingitsunderlyingcausesandtransformingitinto

asourceofinspirationratherthannegativity.Insteadof

focusingonwhatw

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