題型06 閱讀還原（講義）

?第06講閱讀還原【復習目標】1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式3.掌握不同題型的解題方法【考情分析】閱讀還原命題規(guī)律還原句子型閱讀是中考題型中比較新的題型，一般有200-250個單詞左右，常見題型為5選5、6選、7選5。這題型實際上需要學生拓寬自己思維的深度和廣度，不再只是簡單地從句子層面出發(fā)理解和把控詞匯含義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，從而逐步理解篇章意思，而是從更高層次的篇章層面上，立足整體，體會句子或語段前后的銜接和連貫性，進而把握篇章大意和作者寫作思路及其意圖。它要求考生不但要有扎實的語言功底，而且還要有較強的邏輯思維能力，要求考生能夠“既見樹木又見森林”,極大的增加了考生的難度?！久麕熃怆y】1.忌忽略選項。做題時,應先把文章后面所給的備選項快速瀏覽一遍,然后帶著這些備選項進行閱讀。邊讀邊選出比較簡單的選項,從而提高閱讀效率。2.忌草率行事。在設(shè)計選項時,命題者往往在幾個選項中設(shè)計出一個或兩個似是而非的答案。對所給相似選項,要進行分析、比較,去偽存真。3.忌囫圇定案。忌考生在未完全讀懂文章時就匆忙定案。尚未讀懂的地方,一定要聯(lián)系上下文,仔細多讀幾遍,直到讀懂再定答案。閱讀還原問題設(shè)置及答題技巧夯基·必備基礎(chǔ)知識梳理一、解題方法（一）問題設(shè)在段中1、盯緊橫線的前后詞語根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關(guān)的特征詞。2、抓住過渡詞，看住上下句看與前文是否是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立，對比關(guān)系?？磁c前文是否是并列或排比關(guān)系，在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)。因此，通常選項中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。（二）問題設(shè)在段首1、通常是段落的主題句認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2、與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系等著重閱讀后文第一二句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞，通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。因此這兩句之間會有某種的銜接手段。

3、段落間的過渡句這時要瞻前顧后找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機銜接,并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容,看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。（三）問題設(shè)在段尾1、空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。2、通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞：Therefore，asaresult，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，in

aword，allinall，inconclusion等詞語。選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。3、所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容的句子如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接，認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案應有這樣的特征詞。二．解題技巧1、通讀全文，了解文章大意。2、通讀答案，找出和文章相對應的關(guān)鍵詞。3、根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，將選項填入文中。4、將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。提升·必考題型歸納（一）（2023·江西南昌·南昌市模擬預測）StellamagazineaskedYouGov,aresearchcentertointerviewover1,000womeninBritainabouteverything,fromtheireatinghabitstotheirrelationshipsandfamilyvalues,tofindoutwhattheyreallythink.___1___Eightypercentofwomensaythatlosingtheirhealthistheirgreatestconcernfollowedbyputtingonweight(52%)andlosingtheirjobs(24%).___2___Twenty-threepercentofwomenareonadietnowandfifty-eightpercenthavegoneonadietinthepast.Onlyfourpercentofwomendomorethansevenhours’exerciseperweek,whiletwenty-onepercentdonoexerciseatall.___3___Itisfollowedbybringinguphappychildren(56%)andfindingtimeforthem-selves(52%).Theywanttotakegoodcareoftheirchildren,butontheotherhand,theyfindthemselvesinamess.Asfortheirlovelives,ninepercentofwomenaged45-54mettheirhusbandsthroughtheInternet,andforty-ninepercentofwomenbelievethatthebestagetogetmarriedisbetween25and29.___4___Andwhatabouttherelationshipsbetweenmenandwomen?___5___Thesewomenarealsonotsopleasedwiththeirhusbands’effortsathome:fifty-onepercentsaytheynowdooverseventy-fivepercentofthehousework.Despitethis,overseventypercentofwomenwouldprefertohaveamalebossthanafemale.A．ItseemsthatBritishwomenaren’ttoohappywiththeirbodies.B．Iwantyoutoshareopinionswithus.C．Herearesomeoftheresults.D．Fifty-ninepercentthinkfathersshouldtakemoreresponsibilityfortheirchildren.E．Moreandmorewomenpreferbeingalonetogettingmarried.F．Thebiggestchallengeformodemwomenisbalancinghomeandworklife(82%).G．Becausetheythinktheycanmakearationalchoiceatthatage.選最佳答案完成短文。Studentsusuallyprefertostudyinenvironmentswithlightcolors.___6___However,researchershavefoundtheoppositeworksbetter.Accordingtoastudy,thestudentscanpaymoreattentioninenvironmentswithbrightcolors.___7___Thestudents’scoreswerehigherinthebrightredandyellowrooms.Thestudyshowsbrightcolorscansupportstudents’learningperformancebypositivelyaffectingpsychological（心理的）andphysiological（生理的）states.Ifthetasksaredifficult,thebrightcolorconditionscanmakeyouinthebeststate.___8______9___Theybelievedthatbrightredwasn’tasuitablecolorforastudyroom.Theyconnectedthecolorwithhopelessness,angerandotherthingslikethat.Buttheycouldimprovetheirlearningresultsbyusingthecolor.___10___Maybeinthefuture,redandyellowwillbethepopularcolorsofstudyareasbecauseofthestudy.A．Moststudentslikelightcolors.B．Brightcolorsaregoodforhealth.C．It’shelpfulforstudentstogetgoodscores.D．Perhapsabitofdiscomfortiswhattheyneed.E．However,twothirdsofthestudentsdisagreed.F．Thestudentsweretestedinroomswithdifferentcolors.G．Theysaylightcolorsmakethemfeelmorerelaxed.（二）（2023·黑龍江大慶·校聯(lián)考模擬預測）Choosethesentencestocompletethepassage.(Twosentencesareextra.)SummertimeintheUnitedStatesmeanspeoplehavealotmorefreetimetoenjoytheoutdoors.Thesunisoutforlonger.___11___Havingmorefreetimedoesnotmeanyouneedtospendalotofmoney.Thereareplentyofwaystoenjoyyourcityortownforlittleornomoney.Inthesummer,manyparksofferfreeconcerts.___12___Whetheryouknowthebandplayingornot,thesefreeconcertsintheparkareagreatwaytoenjoymusicoutdoors.Ifyouarriveattheparkearlywithyourfriends,youcanevenhaveapicnic.Manyparksalsoofferfreeoutdoorscreeningsofmovies.___13___Beingtooclosetothemoviescreenisnofun;yourneckwillhurt.Sittingtoofarmeansyoucan’twatchclearly.Theseoutdoormoviescreeningsarealsogreatforpicnics.MostbigcitieshavesomeShakespeareintheparkprograms.Manyoftheseplaysarefree.Someoftheplaysareverypopular.___14___Ifalltheticketsrunoutbeforeyougettothefrontoftheline,thenyouareoutofluck.Sogetthereearly!Ifyoudon’thaveairconditioning(空調(diào))athome,youcanstayinmanymuseumsfordaysorhours.___15___Theyarealsocoolbecauseyoucansecamazingworksofart.A．Museumsarecoolandcomfortable.B．Thebestcinemaisalwayswelcomingyou.C．Sotherearemorehoursinthedaytoenjoy.D．Manypeoplelineupforhourstogetfreetickets.E．It’salwaysagoodideatoarriveearlytogetagoodseat.F．Havingmorefreetimemeansyouneedtospendalotofmoney.G．Sometimes,famousbandsandmusicianswilltakepartintheseconcerts.（三）（2023·江西上饒·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）TipsforWritingBetterArticlesManyofusdon’tspendalotoftimeimprovingourwritingskills.Thiscanbeaproblemwhenwehandinourarticles.Goodwritingskillswillhelpusimproveourgradesandbenefituslaterinlife.____16____Makegoodwordchoices.Whenwe’renotsurewhichwordistherightoneforasentence,lookitupinadictionary.Manyofuschoosewordsinahurryanddon’ttakethetimetodecideifthey’reproper.____17____Checkfacts.Ifwewantpeopletobelievewhatwewrite,wemustmakesureourfactsaretrue.Weshouldusedependablefacts.Rewrite.Acommonproblemisthatwedon’tliketorewrite.Infactrewritingisthebestwaytofindoutandcorrectsomemistakes,likegrammarandspellingmistakes.____18____,thoughittakesmoretimeandmorework.Readaloud.Sometimesit’seasiertofindproblemwithspelling,wordusage,andgrammarwhenwereadaloud.Readingaloudhelpsusnotonlyfindoutourproblemsbutalsodevelopourwriting.____19____.Preparingalistisnecessaryforwritingagoodarticle.Suchalistincludes:Isthereapropertitle?Haveweexplainedeverypoint?Areallthepartsofthearticleincluded?Thiscanhelpustomakesurethatwehavecoveredeverything.____20____Butwithafewsimplesteps,wecanimproveourwritingskillsandlearnhowtowritebetterarticles.A．Preparealist.B．Thefollowingtipscanbehelpful.C．RewritingmakesourwritingbetterD．Itisnoteasytobecomeabetterwriter.E．Goodwordchoicesarenecessaryforgoodwriting.F．it’sinterestingtobecomeawriter.G．Nevergiveup.（四）（2023·海南省直轄縣級單位·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。（其中有兩項為多余選項）Nowstudents’Englishhandwriting(書寫)getsworseandworse.Thatmakesteachersfeelworried.IsyourEnglishhandwritingbeautiful?____21____UsepaperwithlinesWhenyouwriteEnglishwordsorsentences,youcanusepaperwithlines.Thatwillmakeyourhandwritingstraight.____22____Besuretofillthelinedspacecompletely.SlowdownIfyourwritingishardtoread,justslowdownalittle.____23____Ifyouwritetooquickly,it’shardforyoutostopwhereyoushould,andyoumaymakemoremistakeseasily.____24____Whenyouholdyourpencilinthecorrectway,writingismuchbetter.Trytoberelaxedanddon’tholdthepencilsohard.DrawmorepicturesDrawingcanimproveyourhandwriting.Whileyouaredrawingpictures,____25____Handwritingisveryimportant.Imagineyouareafamousmoviestarorsportsplayer,whatdoyoudowhenyourfansrunuptoyou?Givethemyourautographs(親筆簽名),ofcourse!A．Ifnot,herearesomesuggestionsthatreallywork!B．HoldyourpencilrightC．youneedtousetheskillstocontrolyourpencilbetter.D．WewilltrytolearnEnglishwell.E．Goingslowermakesyourhandwritingclearer.F．Thoselinesonthepapercanhelpyoutowritewordsintherightsize.G．Doesyourhandwritingoftengetpraisefromyourteachers?（五）（2023·山西大同·模擬預測）請閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后所給的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余選項。Whoisthemostfamousartistintheworld?IfnotLeonardodaVinci,itmightbePabloPicasso.Picassowasoneofthemostfamousartistsofthe20thcentury.BorninSpain,Picassoshowedhistalentatanearlyage.___26___Theneighborsallexclaimedthathewasagenius(天才).However,this“genius”wasnotanexcellentstudentwhenhelistenedtotheclass.Asabadstudent,Picasso’sdetention(關(guān)禁閉)inschoolhasbecomeverycommon.Thereareonlybenchesandemptywallsinthedetentionroom,butheishappy.

___27___Hefirstlearnedpaintingfromhisfather,whowasanartteacher.___28___Healsolikedtotryoutnewideas.Withhisfather’ssupport,Picassowasimmersedintheworldofimaginationeveryday.___29___OneofhismostfamousperiodswashisCubistperiod(立體派時期).Cubismiswhenanartistpaintsthings,likeabottle,fromatdifferentangles(角度)allinthesamepicture.Soyouseethefront,thebackandthesidesofthebottleallatthesametime.___30___Thisnewwayofpaintingsurprisedtheartworldinthe20thcentury.Picassohasbecomeanidol(偶像)tomanyartistsnowadays.Hehashelpedusseetheworldinnewways.A．Becausehecantakeapieceofpaperandpaintfreelythere.B．Inaway,it’sabitlikehavingX-ray(透視)eyes.C．Hecanmakelifelikepaper-cutandcreatemanyamazingpaintings.D．Peopleputhislifeandartintodifferentperiods.E．Bythetimehewas13,hecoulddrawandpaintjustaboutanything,andinanystyle.F．Picasso’sinfluencewasfar-reachingformostofhislife.（六）（2023·吉林四平·校聯(lián)考模擬預測）Workingonateamisagoodthingforyou.Butitcanbringyousometrouble.___31___Tocreateasuccessfulteam,goodcommunicationisthemostnecessaryforbothteammembersandtheleader.Thefollowingissomehelpfuladvice.Don’tcriticize(批評)otherpeople.Whensomeoneonyourteamdosomethingwrong,don’tcriticizehim.___32___Criticizingyourteammemberstoooftenmaymakethemkeepawayfromyou.Asaresult,youmayfeellonely.___33___Whensomeonetellsyouabouthisideas,youshouldtakehisideasseriouslyandthinkaboutthemcarefully,nomatterhowsillytheymayseem.Thisshowsyouareinterestedinhisideasandmakeshimfeelgood.Listentootherpeopleactively.Whensomeoneisspeakingtoyou,youneedtolistentohimactively.___34___Bydoingthis,youcanclearupanyconfusion(困惑)beforemovingon.Shareyourideaswithotherpeople.___35___Thishelpstoimprovetheidea.Besidesthis,italsohelpstoimproveyourrelationshipswithyourteammembers.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，將下面的選項還原到文中空白處，使短文內(nèi)容完整、通順，每個選項只能用一次，其中有一個選項是多余的。A．Ifyoudon’tunderstandhimaboutsomething,youshouldaskhimaboutit.B．Ifpeopleonyourteamarenotgoodatcommunicating,youmayoftenfeelterrible.C．Thinkaboutotherpeople’sideascarefully.D．Whenyouhaveanewidea,talkaboutitwithyourteammembers.E．Youcanhelphimtofindoutthereasonsandthenhelphimtosolvetheproblem.F．Workingonateamcanbehelpfulforyou.（七）（2023·四川成都·校聯(lián)考模擬預測）補全短文根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的A～F選項中，選出5個適當?shù)倪x項補全短文。HaveyoueverwishedthatanAIcouldwritesomethingforyou?Insteadofspendinghourstypingaway,youcouldsimplyinputafewkeywordsandhavearticleswrittenforyou.____36____ChatGPTwasdevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI.____37____Youcanaskittowritestoriesandemails,createrecipes（食譜）,translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.AccordingtoaUSsurveyofmorethan1,000students,over89percentofthemhaveusedChatGPTtohelpwithahomeworkassignment（任務）.____38____Forexample,NewYorkCitypublicschoolsbanned（禁止）studentsandteachersfromusingChatGPTonthedistrict’snetworksanddevices（設(shè)備）.Themeasure（措施）comesoutofworriesthatthetoolcouldmakeiteasierforstudentstocheatonassignments.____39____Itmayhaveabadinfluenceonstudents.“Itdoesnotbuildthinkingqualityandproblem-solvingskills,whicharenecessaryforstudyingandlifelongsuccess,“saidJennaLyle,thesecretaryoftheNewYorkCityDepartmentofEducation.____40____SomeCanadianuniversitiesaremakingrulesonitsuse,forbothstudentsandteachers.SometeachersthinkthatbansonAIsoftwarelikeChatGPTarenotwise.“WehavetoknowthatAIisatoolpeoplewilluse,“John,thebiologyprofessor,toldtheschoolnewspaperoftheuniversity.“Whatweneedtodoistochangeourwayoflearning,teachingandexaminations”.Thatway,wecan“haveintegrity（誠信）whilerecognizingtheuseofthetool”.A．Itisapowerfultool.B．Well,ChatGPTmaymakethatdreamareality.C．However,notalleducatorssay“no”toChatGPT.D．SomeschoolsintheUSdonotallowstudentstouseit.E．TheuseofChatGPThasraisedheateddiscussionsintheeducationworld.F．SomealsoworrythatChatGPTcouldbeusedtospreadincorrectinformation.（八）（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市模擬預測）補全短文。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的A—F選項中，選出5個適當?shù)倪x項補全短文（有一項多余選項）。Whileforsomepeople,tellingleftfromrightisaseasyastellingupfromdown,aroundoneinsixpeoplearetheexception.“___41___”saysexpertVanHam.“Buttellingleftfromrightisdifferent.It’sbecauseofthesymmetry(對稱性),andbecausewhenyouturnaround,it’sjusttheotherwayaround.”___42___“Firstofall,youhavetotellrightfromleftinyourself,”VanHamsays.___43___“Then,afterdecidingwhichsideissomeoneelse’sleftorright,thenextstepismentallyrotating(旋轉(zhuǎn))yourselfsoyou’refacinginthesamedirectionastheotherperson.”___44___ResearchpublishedbyVanHamfoundthataround15%ofpeopleregardthemselvesasnotgoodenoughwhenitcomestotellingleftfromright.___45___Someresearchsuggeststhatthemoreasymmetrical(不對稱)someone’sbodyis,theeasiertheyfindittotellleftandrightapart.Whataboutyou?Isiteasyforyoutotellthemapart?A．Thataddsadegreeofdifficulty.B．Tellingleftfromrightisquiteadifficultprocess.C．Somepeoplecantellrightfromleftwithoutthinking.D．Nobodyhasdifficultyinsayingsomethingisfrontandback,ortopandbottom.E．Almosthalfofthepeopleresearchedsaidtheycouldonlyuseahand-relatedwaytotellwhichiswhich.F．ThismayincludemakinganLshapewiththeirthumbandindexfinger,andthinkingaboutwhichhandtheyusetowrite.（九）（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才學校?？寄M預測）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的A~F選項中，選出5個適當?shù)倪x項補全短文。Self-disciplined(自律的)peoplearenotalloutstandingpeople.Butnearlyalloutstandingpeopleareself-disciplinedpeople.Someofthemreadeveryday.Someofthemneverrunlate.Therealdifferencebetweenanelite(精英的)personandacommonpersonisthatanelitepersoncanmanagehisorhertimewell.____46____Whatpeoplecallself-disciplineisinfactself-management.Oneexampleisstayingfit.____47____Anyonewhohasevertriedtoloseweightknowsthatit’snoteasy.It’sevenhardertoavoidputtingweightbackon.Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itshowsthatheknowstheprinciples(原則)ofstayingfitandisabletosticktoaplanthatusestheseprinciples.Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itmeansthatthispersonisgoodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime.____48____Italsoshowsthatthispersonisabletokeeppersevering(堅定不移的)andcanbalancelong-termgoalswithshort-termgoals.____49____Howdoyoulearnself-management?Firstofall,setagoalandwritedownyourreasonsforwantingtoachieveit.Createalistofallthethingsyouneedtodotoachievethisgoalandstarttoworkonthemoneatatime.____50____Onlythroughself-disciplinecanyoutrulyownyourfuture.A．That’swheretheirsuccesscomesfrom.B．Whetheritisnaturalorgiven,itisagreatskill.C．Sostickingtoitiskeytotheplanstheyhavemade.D．Neverunderestimate(低估)someonewhoisingoodshape.E．Withself-discipline,smallthingsinlifewillnolongertroubleyou.F．Soifsomeoneisingoodshape,heorsheismuchmorethanjusthealthy.（十）（2023·河南周口·三模）Usually,whenitcomestospringbreak,ideaslikevacationstothebeachcometomind.Youdon’thavetodothat.____51____Astaycationmeansyouspendaholidayathomeorinyourcityinsteadoftravelingforavacation.Afunstaycationcanbeplannedwithjustalittlebitoftimeandeffort.Beatouristinyourhometown.____52____Thinkofalltheplacesyou’dtellsomeonetovisityourhometownandwritethemdown.Tryoutsomeofthethingsonthelistthatyou’veneverdonebefore.Gotothelocalmuseum,orvisitanewrestaurantintownthatyouhaven’tbeentobefore.Haveapizzaandmovienight.It’snotnecessarytoleavethehousetoenjoythestaycation.Relaxandenjoyyourtimebyhavingapizzaandmovienight.Youcandothisaloneorwithfriends.____53____Campinyourbackyard.Enjoytheoutdoorsbycampinginyourbackyard.Ifyoudon’thaveenoughspacetocampinyourbackyard,setupacampingareainyourlivingroom.Setupatentandsleepingbags.____54____Setoutsnacksanddrinks.Taketurnstellingghost(鬼)stories.____55____Spendtheweektogetherimprovingyourhome.Forexample,painteveryperson’sroominthehousetogether.Orspendtheweekbuildingatreehousetogether.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個選項中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項，使文章意思通順、內(nèi)容完整。A．Completeafamilyproject.B．Ifyou’reoutside,buildafire.C．Instead,youcanplanastaycation.D．Enjoythemoviesandpizzawithyourfavoritedrinks.E．Treatyourhometownasifyou’dneverbeentherebefore.（十一）（2023·吉林長春·長春市解放大路學校?？寄M預測）Givingaspeechinfrontofyourclasscanbechallenging.However,youcandosomethingtomakeitasuccess.___56___Forexample,chooseatopicaboutsomethingyoulike,suchassomethingthatinterestsyouorsomeonewhoisclosetoyou.Onceyou’vechosenyourtopic,trytofindusefulinformationaboutitonlineorfromthelibrary.Writedowntheinformationthatsupportsyourideasinavaluableway.___57___Forthis,you’dbetterwritethescript（講稿）justliketalkingtoyourfriends.Keepyourscriptsimple.Useinterestingexamplesandstoriestoshowyourideas.Afterfinishingthescript,readitoutloudtoyourselfandrememberit.___58___Finally,practiceitinfrontofsomethingorsomeoneuntilyoudon’thavetolookatyournotecard.Intheend,it’stimetogivethespeech.___59___Thiswillshowthatyouareconfident.Pause（停頓）afterfinishingasentence,oraftersayinganimportantpoint.Itwillallowyoutimetocollectyourthoughts.Ifyouspeaktoofast,youmaybeoutofbreath.___60___Whiletalking,lookatyourlisteners,likefriends.What’smore,ifyoudon’trememberthenextwordorline,pauseforoneortwosecondstolookatyournotecard.Beforeyoustartyourspeechagain,takeadeepbreath,smileatyourlistenersandthengoon.閱讀短文，把A—E五個句子填入文中空缺處，使短文內(nèi)容完整。A．Rehearsing（排練）yourspeechisalsoimportant.B．Ifthishappens,takeadeepbreathandslowdown.C．Firstofall,youneedtodosomethingaboutyourtopic.D．Atthistime,standstraightandholdyourheadhigh.E．Writedown2or3pointsthatyoumayforgetonanotecard.（十二）（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學校聯(lián)考模擬預測）RichardLouy,anAmericanwriter,wroteaboutwhathecallednature-deficitdisorder(大自然缺失癥)inhisbook.Hecalledforsavingourselvesfromnature-deficitdisorder.____61____Nowmoreandmorepeoplehaveknownthatbeingoutdoorsandclosetonatureisagoodidea.Ithasmanybenefits(益處).Gettingbacktonaturehasbeenfoundhelpfulinreducingstress.____62____Andlatertheywerealsogiventhesametestsbeforeandafterwalkinginthecity.Theresultsshowedthatthevolunteers’bloodpressurewaslowerafterwalkinginthewoodscomparedwithwalkinginthecity.____63____Intheotherstudy,mountainclimbersscoredbetteronacreativitytestafterspendingfourdaysinnaturewithoutanyelectronicdeviceslikesmartphones.Thestudy’sresearcherDavidStrayersaid,“Itshowedthatstayinginnaturehasrealbenefitstocreativeproblem-solving.”Gettingbacktonaturecanhelpyourbodyhealitself.Astudyshowedthatpatientswhospentmoretimeinnaturallighthealed(康復)fasterandhadlesspainthanthosewhodidn’t.____64____Spendingtimeoutdoorsalsoprovidespeoplewithchancesofformingbetterrelationships.____65____Itmakesthemfeelclosertoeachother.A．He’snottheonlyonetocomeupwiththisidea.B．Beingclosetonaturehelpsimproveyourcreativity.C．Itseemednatureservedasanaturalmedicineforthem.D．Inastudy,volunteersweregivenstresstestsbeforeandafterwalkinginthewoods.E．Peopleshouldspendtimeoutdoorstalkingfacetofaceandenjoyingthebeautyofnaturetogether.（十三）（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·模擬預測）選擇適當?shù)木渥油瓿啥涛?。Thankstobetterhealthcare,mostpeoplearelivinghealthierandlongerlives.Someonewhoisborntodaycanexpecttoliveaboutthirty-fiveyearslongerthansomeonewhowasborninthenineteenthcentury.Itiseventhoughtthatinthefuturemoreandmorepeoplewillcelebratetheirhundredthbirthdays.___66___Getoffthesofa!___67___Butdoctorssayyoushouldgetoffthesofa.Tokeepfit,youhavetowalkatleast10000stepseveryday.Eathealthyfood!Itisimportanttoeatfoodthatisfreshandnatural,forexample,fruitandvegetables.___68___Youshouldonlyhaveitonceinawhile.Eatingtoomuchofthewrongfoodwillharmyourhealth.___69___Whenwewerebabies,wesleptformuchofthenight.Teenagersdonotneedasmuchsleepasbabies,butitisimportantforyoutogetabouteighthours’sleepanight.Atweekends,youhavegotmoretime,souseitnotjustforyourfriends,butforresttoo.Donotworry,behappy!___70___Sometimesitisnoteasytobeateenagerbecauseofthedifficultiesofschool,examsorfriendships.Ifyouareworriedaboutsomething,talktoyourparentsoryourteacher.A．Manypeoplebelievethathappinessisimportantforourgeneralhealth.B．Herearesomerulesforahealthylife.C．Sure,itiscomfortabletositonthesofaandwatchTV.D．Restwhileyoucan!E．Fastfoodisnothealthy.（十四）（2023·福建福州·福建省福州銅盤中學?？寄M預測）Silk,theworditselfisbeautiful.ThestoryofsilkstartedinChinaover4,000yearsago.Itsaysasilkworm’scocoon(蠶繭)fellintoawoman’steacup.Itthenopenedintoasingle,unbrokenthread(線).____71____TheChineselearnedtheycouldusethecocoonstomakecloththatwasbothbeautifultolookatandsofttotouch.____72____Inothercountries,silkwasvaluableandnotoftenseen.Oftenitwasworthmorethangold.It’ssaidthatthesecretfinallygotoutwhenaprincessleftChinatogotoIndia.Inherhair,shesecretlycarriedmanysilkworms.Bytheyear1A．D．,silkwassoldasfarwestasRome,andallalongtheSilkRoad.____73____Centurieslater,in1522,theSpanishbroughtsilkwormstoMexico.Nowadayspeoplearoundtheworldstillmakemanybeautifulthingsfromsilk.Butsilkisn’tonlybeautiful.Itseemsthatit’seasytobreak.____74____Forexample,ithasbeenusedtomakebicycletires(輪胎).Andsomedoctorsevenusesilkthreadsinthehospital.____75____Thismakesitgreatforclotheslikewinterjackets,pants,andshoes.Allofthisfromalittleinsect—thesilkworm.Thatisthemiracle(神奇)ofsilk.A．Actuallyit’sverystrong.B．Silkisalsolightandwarm.C．Thiswasanimportantdiscovery.D．MakingsilkwasaprotectedsecretinChinaformanyyears.E．Aroundtheyear300,silkalsotraveledfromChinatoJapan.真題感悟（一）（2023·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weallknowthatpaper-making,gunpowder,thecompassandtheartofprintingaretheFourGreatInventionsofancientChina.Buthaveyouheardofanotherimportantinvention—theabacus(算盤)?It’ssaidthatLiShou(隸首)inventedtheabacus.____1____Someresearchersbelievetheabacushasalongerhistorythantheothercalculators(計算器)

intheworld.InChina,peopleusedabacusestodocalculationsforthousandsofyearsbeforepeopleuseelectroniccalculatorsindailylives.____2____Ithasmanybeads(珠子).Eachbeadabovetheabacusstandsforfive,andeachbeadbelowstandsforone.Bymovingthebeadsupordown,onecandoallkindsofcalculations.Itisajoytowatchaskilledhanduseanabacus.Fingersmove,beadsknock,andafterafewseconds,theresultcomesout.____3____Soitwastaughtinmanyschools.Wherevertherewasaneedforcalculations,anabacuswouldcomeintosight.Today,becauseweareusedtousingelectroniccalculators,wedon’thavemanychancestoseeanabacusinourdailylives.____4____However,theabacusstillplaysanimportantroleincertainsituations.TheabacusisoneoftheimportantinventionsinChinesehistory.ItusedtomakeabigdifferencetoChinesepeople’slives.

____5____Itisournationaltreasure.ItisoneofthereasonswhyweareproudofChina.A．Manyyoungpeoplehavenotevenheardoftheword“abacus”.B．SotheabacusisasymbolofwealthfortradersinChina.C．ItshowsthegreatwisdomoftheancientChinesepeople.D．Theabacusisusuallymadeofwood.E．Ithasbeenaroundforover5,000years.F．Inthepast,theuseoftheabacuswasanecessaryskill.G．Moreandmorepeopleareusingabacusesnowadays.（二）（2023·湖北荊門·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Itisbelievedthatagoodmemorycomesnaturally,whileabadmemorycannotbechanged.____6____Hereissomeadviceforyou.▲Takeaninterest.____7____Thiscanexplainthereasonwhyschoolboysrememberfootballresultsclearlybuthavetroublewithdatesfromtheirhistorylessons.▲Repeatthingsinchunks（塊）.Repeatingthingsinchunksisthebestwaytorememberthingsforashorttime.____8____Thefollowingnumberswouldbeimpossibleformostofustoremember:1492178919318483.Butlookatthemingroupsorchunksrepeatedlyanditbecomesmucheasier:1492178919318483.▲___