物流專業(yè)英語教程（第4版） 課件 Unit 5-A Container Transportation

物流專業(yè)英語教程（第4版）主編:張慶英副主編:張夢(mèng)雅，曾芝蘭高等學(xué)校專業(yè)英語教材PassageAInventoryManagementPassageBApproachestoInventoryManagementUNIT5InventoryManagementUNIT5-A

InventoryreferstostocksofgoodsthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposesIntroductiontoInventoryInventoryisthekeyissuetosupplychainmanagementsuccess.Customersdemandthattheirordersbeshippedcomplete,accurate,andon-time,meaningtherightinventorymustbeattherightplaceattherighttime.Meetdemand:Aretailermusthaveproductsonhandwhencustomerswantthemtoavoidlossofsale.Keepoperationson:Manufacturersneedpurchaseditems(rawmaterials,components)toensureproductionrunssmoothly.313233Leadtime:Thetimebetweenplacinganorderandreceivinggoods;longerleadtimesrequirelargerinventory.Somemajorreasonsforholdinginventoryinclude：ReasonsforHoldingInventoryQuantitydiscounts:Purchasinglargerquantitiesoftencomeswithpricediscounts,resultinginexcessinventory."34Cycle(base)stock:Inventoryneededtosatisfynormaldemandduringanordercycle;Safety(buffer)stock:Extrainventoryheldtoguardagainstdemandorleadtimeuncertainty;In-transit(pipeline)stock:Goodsbeingtransportedbetweenlocations,addingtoinventorysize;Speculativestock:Inventorypurchasedforpotentialfuturedemand,oftenduetopriceincreasesorseasonaldemand；Deadstock:Inventorywithnodemand,leadingtohighcarryingcostsandinefficientuseofspace."InventoryClassifications

Thesystemprovidesinformationtomanagematerialflow,utilizeresourcesefficiently,andhelpmanagersmaketimelydecisions.InventoryManagementInventorymanagementistheactivecontrolprogramformanagingsales,purchases,andpayments.Themanagementofinventorymustbealignedwithmarketdemandsandthecompany’sstrategicplan.Theprinciplesofinventorymanagementandcontrolremainconstant,evenastechniquesevolve.Salesforecastingordemandmanagement;SalesandoperationsplanningProductionplanningMaterialrequirementsplanningInventoryreduction:Thesecomponentsworktogethertocreateaneffectiveinventorymanagementsystemtailoredtothecompany’sneeds.KeyComponentsofInventoryManagementBestpracticessuchasABCanalysis,systemscontracting,stocklessbuying,Vendor-ManagedInventory(VMI),andEfficientConsumerResponse(ECR)strategieshelpreduceinventoryinvestmentsandoptimizesupplychainperformance."InventoryOptimizationfortheSupplyChainRequirescloserrelationshipswithsuppliersUtilizesweb-enabledinformationsystemstotrackproductmovement313233Focusesoncreatingbetterforecaststoreduceinventory.Thesestrategiesimprovesupplychainefficiencyandreducecosts.ThreeinventoryreductionstrategiesresultfromsupplierpartnershipsLogisticsSolutionsforInventoryReduction

SustainableInventoryReductionStrategies"Effectivelong-termstrategiesforinventoryreductioninclude:Managinginventorywhilemaintainingcustomerservice:Thegoalistobalanceinventorylevelswithcustomerneeds.Adaptingtochangingmarketconditions:Continualadjustmenttoinventorypoliciestomatchevolvingdemandandsupply."ManaginginventorywhilemaintainingcustomerserviceAdaptingtochangingmarketconditions"Managinginventoryeffectivelyinthesupplychainiscriticalformaintaininghighcustomerservicelevels.TheImportanceofInventoryManagementintheSupplyChainWhileinventoryisacostlyasset,havingtherightamounttomeetcustomerrequirementsiskeytosuccess.Bestpracticesreduceinventorycostsandensuresupplychainefficiency.1.Cyclestock,orbasestockreferstoinventorythatisneededtosatisfynormaldemandduringthecourseofanordercycle．Ifdemandandleadtimeisconstant,onlycyclestockisnecessary．Notes當(dāng)貨物運(yùn)輸距離長(zhǎng)且需要變換不同運(yùn)輸方式時(shí)，集裝箱運(yùn)輸就成為最適宜的方式。集裝箱貨物可以通過海路、鐵路及公路進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，其中海路運(yùn)輸占主導(dǎo)地位。2.Recognizingthecriticalimportanceofdevelopinganinlanddistributionsystemforseabornecontainers,ChineseGovernmentencouragedandsupportedthestudyanddevelopmentofcontainerconveyingtoimproveintermodalcontainerlinksalongselectedcorridorsbetweengatewayportsandinlanddestinations.Notes中國(guó)政府認(rèn)識(shí)到發(fā)展海輪集裝箱內(nèi)陸配送系統(tǒng)的重要性，鼓勵(lì)和支持針對(duì)集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)难邪l(fā)，以增強(qiáng)選定水道中沿海港口與內(nèi)陸港口之間集裝箱多種運(yùn)輸方式之間的聯(lián)系。Accordingtothedescriptionabove,istheuseofcontainersbecomingincreasinglyimportant?1TopicfordiscussionWhat’syourunderstandingofthecontainer?Andhowisthecarryingcapacity?Itisuniversallyrecognizedthatamongthenumerousadvantagesrelatedtothesuccessofcontainersininternationa