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第01講閱讀理解提升講解一、閱讀理解的重要性閱讀理解能力是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)和知識(shí)獲取中極為關(guān)鍵的部分。無(wú)論是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)文、英語(yǔ)還是其他語(yǔ)言類(lèi)科目,良好的閱讀理解能力都能幫助我們理解各種文本,包括文學(xué)作品、學(xué)術(shù)論文、新聞報(bào)道等。在考試中,閱讀理解也占據(jù)了很大的分值比重。例如在語(yǔ)文高考中,現(xiàn)代文閱讀和文言文閱讀部分加起來(lái)往往有很高的分?jǐn)?shù),這直接影響著考生的總成績(jī)。而且,在日常生活和工作中,能夠快速準(zhǔn)確地理解閱讀材料也是高效溝通和學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)的必備技能。二、閱讀理解的基本步驟(一)通讀全文拿到一篇閱讀材料,首先要做的是快速通讀全文。這一步的目的是對(duì)文章的大致內(nèi)容、主題和文體有一個(gè)初步的了解。在通讀過(guò)程中,不需要過(guò)分糾結(jié)于一些細(xì)節(jié),如不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或者復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如,對(duì)于一篇記敘文,我們要關(guān)注故事的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件的大致脈絡(luò);對(duì)于議論文,要找到中心論點(diǎn)和主要的論據(jù)。以魯迅的《祝福》為例,初讀時(shí)我們能了解到這是一個(gè)關(guān)于祥林嫂的故事,故事發(fā)生在魯鎮(zhèn),而且充滿(mǎn)了悲劇色彩。(二)明確題目要求在通讀全文之后,仔細(xì)閱讀題目。明確題目是要求我們概括文章內(nèi)容、理解某個(gè)詞句的含義、分析作者的情感態(tài)度,還是其他類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題。比如題目問(wèn)“文章中某個(gè)人物的性格特點(diǎn)是什么”,這就提示我們要在閱讀過(guò)程中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注對(duì)這個(gè)人物的描寫(xiě)部分,包括語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)作、心理等描寫(xiě)。(三)帶著問(wèn)題精讀根據(jù)題目要求,有針對(duì)性地回到文章中進(jìn)行精讀。這時(shí)候要仔細(xì)分析相關(guān)的段落和句子,尋找問(wèn)題的答案。對(duì)于重要的語(yǔ)句,可以做一些標(biāo)記,方便后續(xù)作答。例如,如果題目是關(guān)于文中某個(gè)修辭手法的作用,我們就要找到含有該修辭手法的句子,分析它是如何增強(qiáng)文章的表達(dá)效果的。像“葉子出水很高,像亭亭的舞女的裙”,這里運(yùn)用了比喻的修辭手法,把葉子比作舞女的裙,生動(dòng)形象地寫(xiě)出了葉子的形態(tài)之美。(四)組織答案并作答在找到問(wèn)題的答案后,需要將答案組織成通順、完整、符合邏輯的語(yǔ)言。答案要準(zhǔn)確回答問(wèn)題,并且盡量簡(jiǎn)潔明了。比如,回答人物性格特點(diǎn)的問(wèn)題時(shí),可以用“他是一個(gè)……的人,從……(文中相關(guān)內(nèi)容)可以看出”這樣的句式來(lái)作答。三、提升閱讀理解能力的方法(一)增加閱讀量1、廣泛閱讀各種類(lèi)型的書(shū)籍、文章是提升閱讀理解能力最有效的方法之一。閱讀不同文體、不同主題、不同難度的材料,可以讓我們熟悉各種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式和思維模式。2、可以從簡(jiǎn)單的童話(huà)故事、科普短文開(kāi)始,逐漸過(guò)渡到經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品、學(xué)術(shù)著作等。例如,先閱讀《小王子》,感受其簡(jiǎn)潔而富有哲理的語(yǔ)言,再閱讀《紅樓夢(mèng)》,體會(huì)古典文學(xué)中復(fù)雜的人物關(guān)系和深刻的社會(huì)意義。(二)積累詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)豐富的詞匯量和扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)我們遇到生詞時(shí),要及時(shí)查閱詞典,并且學(xué)習(xí)它的用法和搭配。對(duì)于語(yǔ)法知識(shí),要理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和成分,這樣才能準(zhǔn)確把握句子的意思。比如,在英語(yǔ)閱讀中,如果不理解“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),就很容易誤解句子的真實(shí)含義。像“IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.”這個(gè)句子,是典型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)。(三)學(xué)會(huì)分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)不同的文章有不同的結(jié)構(gòu),如總分總、總分、分總等。學(xué)會(huì)分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助我們更好地理解文章的邏輯關(guān)系和作者的寫(xiě)作思路。以總分總結(jié)構(gòu)的文章為例,開(kāi)頭部分通常會(huì)提出主題或中心觀(guān)點(diǎn),中間部分進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的闡述和論證,結(jié)尾部分總結(jié)全文并升華主題。例如,在一些議論文中,開(kāi)頭會(huì)明確論點(diǎn),中間列舉多個(gè)論據(jù)來(lái)支持論點(diǎn),結(jié)尾再次強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)并可能提出一些建議或者展望。(四)培養(yǎng)閱讀技巧1、閱讀技巧包括略讀、掃讀、精讀等。略讀可以幫助我們快速了解文章的大致內(nèi)容,掃讀用于尋找特定的信息,精讀則是深入理解重要的部分。2、在閱讀新聞報(bào)道時(shí),我們可以先略讀標(biāo)題和導(dǎo)語(yǔ),快速獲取新聞的主要事件,然后根據(jù)需要掃讀文章中具體的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。對(duì)于文中引用的專(zhuān)家觀(guān)點(diǎn)等重要部分,可以進(jìn)行精讀。四、高考英語(yǔ)不同文體閱讀理解技巧全解析在高考英語(yǔ)中,閱讀理解占據(jù)著相當(dāng)大的比重,而不同文體的文章有著不同的特點(diǎn)和解題技巧。熟練掌握這些技巧,能夠幫助考生更加高效地理解文章內(nèi)容,提高答題準(zhǔn)確率。一、記敘文(一)文體特點(diǎn)記敘文通常以講述故事的形式呈現(xiàn),有明確的時(shí)間線(xiàn)、人物角色和事件發(fā)展過(guò)程。文章一般會(huì)圍繞一個(gè)或多個(gè)主要人物展開(kāi),描述他們的經(jīng)歷、遭遇、情感變化等,主題往往蘊(yùn)含在故事之中,需要讀者通過(guò)對(duì)故事細(xì)節(jié)的把握來(lái)體會(huì)。(二)解題技巧1、抓住關(guān)鍵人物與事件:閱讀時(shí)首先要明確文章中的主要人物是誰(shuí),發(fā)生了哪些主要事件??梢酝ㄟ^(guò)快速瀏覽文章的開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾以及每段的首句來(lái)大致了解故事梗概。例如,在一篇關(guān)于一位運(yùn)動(dòng)員成長(zhǎng)歷程的記敘文中,要迅速找出運(yùn)動(dòng)員的名字以及他在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中面臨的關(guān)鍵比賽、訓(xùn)練挫折或突破等事件。2、理清時(shí)間順序:由于記敘文是按照時(shí)間順序展開(kāi)的,所以關(guān)注時(shí)間詞和短語(yǔ)非常重要。像“first”“then”“afterthat”“l(fā)ater”“finally”等詞能幫助考生梳理事件發(fā)展的先后順序,更好地理解文章邏輯。例如,“First,hestartedtrainingatalocalclub.Then,heparticipatedinaregionalcompetitionandwonaprize.Afterthat,hewasscoutedbyaprofessionalteam.”通過(guò)這些時(shí)間詞,考生能清晰地構(gòu)建出運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成長(zhǎng)軌跡。3、體會(huì)人物情感與主題:記敘文的主題多與人物的成長(zhǎng)、情感變化、人生哲理等相關(guān)。人物的情感描寫(xiě)詞匯,如“happy”“sad”“excited”“frustrated”等,通過(guò)人物情感的變化來(lái)推斷文章的主題。例如,文章中描述主人公在經(jīng)歷重重困難后最終實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想時(shí)的喜悅,那么主題可能就是關(guān)于堅(jiān)持與夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。二、說(shuō)明文(一)文體特點(diǎn)說(shuō)明文旨在向讀者解釋、說(shuō)明某個(gè)事物、現(xiàn)象、概念或過(guò)程。它具有客觀(guān)性、準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常較為清晰,一般會(huì)先提出說(shuō)明對(duì)象,然后從不同方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述,如事物的特征、功能、成因、發(fā)展等,常使用定義、舉例、分類(lèi)、對(duì)比等說(shuō)明方法。(二)解題技巧1、確定說(shuō)明對(duì)象與主題句:文章開(kāi)頭往往會(huì)點(diǎn)明說(shuō)明對(duì)象,而每一段的首句或尾句通常是該段的主題句。例如,一篇關(guān)于“人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用”的說(shuō)明文,開(kāi)頭會(huì)引出“人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域”這個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象,而在闡述人工智能在疾病診斷方面的應(yīng)用時(shí),該段主題句可能是“Artificialintelligencehasmadesignificantcontributionstomedicaldiagnosis.”通過(guò)確定主題句,能快速把握文章的主要內(nèi)容和段落大意。2、分析說(shuō)明方法與邏輯關(guān)系:注意文中使用的說(shuō)明方法,如舉例說(shuō)明(forexample,suchas)可以幫助讀者更好地理解抽象概念;對(duì)比說(shuō)明(comparedwith,incontrast)能突出事物的特點(diǎn)。同時(shí),要理清文章各部分之間的邏輯關(guān)系,是總分總、總分還是分總結(jié)構(gòu)。比如,在說(shuō)明人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域不同方面的應(yīng)用時(shí),可能是總分結(jié)構(gòu),先總述應(yīng)用廣泛,再分別從診斷、治療、藥物研發(fā)等方面具體說(shuō)明。3、關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)信息與數(shù)據(jù):說(shuō)明文中經(jīng)常會(huì)包含一些細(xì)節(jié)信息和數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支撐觀(guān)點(diǎn)。在閱讀時(shí)要對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)和數(shù)據(jù)有一定敏感度,因?yàn)轭}目可能會(huì)針對(duì)這些內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。例如,提到某種疾病通過(guò)人工智能診斷的準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到了90%,考生就需要留意這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù),以便在回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題時(shí)能夠準(zhǔn)確提取信息。三、議論文(一)文體特點(diǎn)議論文是作者對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題或事件發(fā)表自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、看法,并通過(guò)論據(jù)進(jìn)行論證的一種文體。它有明確的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過(guò)程。論點(diǎn)通常在文章開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾提出,論據(jù)可以是事實(shí)、例子、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、名人名言等,論證過(guò)程則是通過(guò)一定的邏輯推理將論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)聯(lián)系起來(lái),常見(jiàn)的論證方法有舉例論證、對(duì)比論證、因果論證等。(二)解題技巧1、找出論點(diǎn)與論據(jù):閱讀時(shí)首先要確定文章的論點(diǎn),一般在文章的開(kāi)頭(如提出問(wèn)題后直接表明觀(guān)點(diǎn))或結(jié)尾(總結(jié)全文得出結(jié)論)。例如,在一篇關(guān)于“是否應(yīng)該在學(xué)校推廣在線(xiàn)教育”的議論文中,論點(diǎn)可能是“Onlineeducationshouldbepromotedinschoolsduetoitsflexibilityandwiderangeofresources.”然后要找出支持論點(diǎn)的論據(jù),如“Manystudentscanaccesshigh-qualitycoursesfromtopteachersaroundtheworldthroughonlineplatforms.Forexample,inaruralschool,studentsimprovedtheiracademicperformancesignificantlyaftertakingonlinemathcourses.”這里的“Manystudentscanaccess...”是一個(gè)事實(shí)論據(jù),“Forexample...”則是舉例論據(jù)。2、分析論證方法與邏輯:理解作者是如何運(yùn)用論證方法來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的。如果是舉例論證,要關(guān)注例子與論點(diǎn)之間的聯(lián)系;如果是對(duì)比論證,要明確對(duì)比的雙方以及對(duì)比的目的。例如,在對(duì)比傳統(tǒng)教育和在線(xiàn)教育時(shí),作者可能通過(guò)對(duì)比兩者的教學(xué)方式、學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間靈活性、資源豐富程度等方面,來(lái)論證在線(xiàn)教育的優(yōu)勢(shì),從而支持自己的論點(diǎn)。3、判斷作者態(tài)度與意圖:議論文中作者會(huì)表達(dá)自己對(duì)所討論問(wèn)題的態(tài)度,如支持、反對(duì)或中立。通過(guò)對(duì)論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的分析,可以判斷作者的態(tài)度傾向。同時(shí),要理解作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的意圖,是為了說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀(guān)點(diǎn),還是引發(fā)讀者對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題的思考等。例如,作者大力論證在線(xiàn)教育的好處,意圖可能就是呼吁學(xué)校重視并推廣在線(xiàn)教育??傊诟呖加⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀理解中,針對(duì)不同文體采用合適的閱讀技巧是提高答題效率和準(zhǔn)確率的關(guān)鍵。考生在日常復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要多閱讀不同文體的文章,進(jìn)行專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,不斷提升自己的閱讀理解能力。五、閱讀理解提升講解精練試題:評(píng)卷人得分一、閱讀理解(24-25高二上·河南濮陽(yáng)·期中)Drone(無(wú)人機(jī))lightshowsarebecomingespeciallypopularintheWest.Bynow,ifyouliveontheU.S.EastorWestCoasts,you’veprobablybeentroubledbywildfiresmoke.Thefiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensityasclimatechangeworsens.Andfireworks,asyoucanguessfromtheirname,causefires—morethanyoumightthink.That’swhatcausedahandfulofCaliforniatownstoquitfireworksandturntodroneslastyear.Sydney,Australia,knownforitsmassivefireworksdisplay,isconsideringdoingthesameduetotheriskofwildfires.AndfiredangerisnowtopofmindformanyU.S.citiesastheIndependenceDay,ortheAmericannationalday,nears.Inadditiontoreducingtheriskoffires,dronelightshowspresentasaferalternativeforthefolksbehindthecurtain.Fireworksinjuredmorethan10,000peoplelastyearbecausetheycanaccidentallyeruptwhileontheground.Droneswon’t.Andsincelightshowsarerequiredtokeepthegroundbelowtheshowclear,there’snoriskofadronefallingfromtheskyintothecrowd.Dronesarealsolessdisturbing,creatingonlyalightbuzzingnoise.Fireworks,ontheotherhand,canburstyoureardrumifyou’restandingcloseenough.That’sanuisanceforsomefamilieswithanimals,smallchildren,orotherpeoplewhoaresensitivetonoise.Butperhapsthebiggestreasonfortheswitchtodronesisthatthey’rethoughttobegreener.Besidesstartingfires,fireworksmokeleavesbehindatrailofharmfulchemicalsandisconsideredapollutant.Dronesarealsoareusableoption,capableofflyingpotentiallyhundredsofshowsbeforetheyevenrequiremaintenance.That’sahugebenefittotheenvironment—andtothecompaniespayingtoputontheseperformances.Attheendoftheday,though,somecitiesarelikelyswitchingtodronessimplybecausethey’recooler.That’snottosaythatfireworksaren’tcool.Butdronesallowformorecreativity,withtheabilitytosynchronize(同步)lightstomusicandrecreatecompleximagesinthesky.Nevertheless,it’sstilltooearlytorushtotheconclusionthatdroneswillcompletelytaketheplaceoffireworksinthenearfuture.1.Whyarefireworksgivenupinsometowns?A.Theyaretooexpensive. B.Theybringalongfirerisks.C.Theyspeedupclimatechange. D.Theyarenotcoolanymore.2.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph3?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.C.Bygivingadefinition. D.Byreferringtodatafrompreviousstudies.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nuisance”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reward. B.Attraction. C.Instance. D.Annoyance.4.Whatwilltheauthorprobablycontinuetotalkabout?A.Thepotentialchallengesdroneswillface.B.Thesimilaritiessharedbydronesandfireworks.C.Theimportanceofdronesinpromotingeconomy.D.Thestrongcompetitionfromcompaniesindifferentindustries.【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀在西方越來(lái)越受歡迎,分析了其受歡迎的原因,包括減少火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、更安全、噪音小、更環(huán)保以及更具創(chuàng)意等,同時(shí)也指出目前還不能得出無(wú)人機(jī)將完全取代煙花的結(jié)論。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Andfireworks,asyoucanguessfromtheirname,causefires—morethanyoumightthink.(煙花,正如你從它的名字可以猜到的那樣,會(huì)引起火災(zāi)——比你想象的要多)”和第二段中“That’swhatcausedahandfulofCaliforniatownstoquitfireworksandturntodroneslastyear.Sydney,Australia,knownforitsmassivefireworksdisplay,isconsideringdoingthesameduetotheriskofwildfires.(這就是去年加州一些城鎮(zhèn)放棄煙花轉(zhuǎn)向無(wú)人機(jī)的原因。澳大利亞的悉尼以其大規(guī)模的煙花表演而聞名,由于野火的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),正在考慮也這樣做)”可知,一些城鎮(zhèn)放棄煙花是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)帶來(lái)火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容,尤其是“Inadditiontoreducingtheriskoffires,dronelightshowspresentasaferalternativeforthefolksbehindthecurtain.Fireworksinjuredmorethan10,000peoplelastyearbecausetheycanaccidentallyeruptwhileontheground.Droneswon’t.(除了降低火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外,無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀還為幕后人員提供了一個(gè)更安全的替代方案。去年,煙花造成10000多人受傷,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)在地面上意外爆炸。無(wú)人機(jī)則不會(huì))”可知,本段通過(guò)對(duì)比煙花和無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀在安全性方面的差異,來(lái)說(shuō)明無(wú)人機(jī)燈光秀的優(yōu)勢(shì)。由此推知,作者是通過(guò)對(duì)比的方式來(lái)展開(kāi)第三段的。故選A項(xiàng)。3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞上文“Fireworks,ontheotherhand,canburstyoureardrumifyou’restandingcloseenough.(另一方面,如果你站得足夠近,煙花可能會(huì)震破你的耳膜)”以及后文“forsomefamilieswithanimals,smallchildren,orotherpeoplewhoaresensitivetonoise(對(duì)于一些有動(dòng)物、小孩或?qū)υ胍裘舾械娜藖?lái)說(shuō))”可知,煙花的噪音對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說(shuō)是令人煩惱的。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞“nuisance”意思是“令人煩惱的事物”,與Annoyance同義。故選D項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nevertheless,it’sstilltooearlytorushtotheconclusionthatdroneswillcompletelytaketheplaceoffireworksinthenearfuture.(然而,現(xiàn)在就急于得出無(wú)人機(jī)將在不久的將來(lái)完全取代煙花的結(jié)論還為時(shí)過(guò)早)”可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在還不能得出無(wú)人機(jī)將完全取代煙花的結(jié)論,由此推知,接下來(lái)作者可能會(huì)繼續(xù)談?wù)摕o(wú)人機(jī)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。評(píng)卷人得分二、閱讀理解(23-24高一下·浙江麗水·期末)Thenewe-skinimprovestasksrequiringaccuracyandforcecontrol,overcomingabigchallengeinadvancingtechnology.Unliketraditionale-skins,thisnewe-skinstaysaccurateevenwhenitstretches.“Muchlikehumanskinhastostretchandbendaswemove,sodoese-skin,”explainsNanshuLu,aprofessorintheCockrellSchool.ThebreakthroughliesinaninnovativehybridresponsepressuresensorthatLuandherpartnershavedevelopedoveryears.Luseesthestretchablee-skinasanimportantpartofarobothandthatcanmirrorthesoftnessandsensitivityofahumanhand.Thisnewe-skintechnologysensespressurefromcontact,lettingtheattachedmachineknowhowmuchforcetouseto,forexample,holdacuportouchaperson.Indemonstrations,thenewe-skinallowedtherobothandtoadapttovarioussensitivetasks,suchasaccuratelymeasuringhumanpulse(脈搏)andpulsewaves,securelyholdingobjectswithoutdroppingthemandevenhandlingunexpecteditemslikecoinsinsideaglassorpressingonapotatochipwithoutbreakingit.Luandherteamarecurrentlyexploringpotentialapplications,includingpartneringtobuildaroboticarmequippedwiththee-skintechnology.Theyhavealsoappliedforabasicpatentforthee-skin,indicatingitspotentialforbusinessuse.Inaworldwheretheagingpopulationexceeds(超過(guò))thenumberofcaregivers,theneedforefficientandgentlecaresolutionsisnecessary.Lubelievesrobotsequippedwithadvancedtechnologieslikethestretchablee-skincouldplayavitalroleindealingwiththisglobalchallenge.Beyondmedicine,human-caringrobotscouldbeusedindisasters.Theycouldsearchforinjuredandtrappedpeopleinanearthquakeoracollapsedbuilding.Fromhealthcaretodisasterresponse,thepotentialissignificant.Withfurtherdevelopmentandcooperationwithroboticscompanies,Luhopestoseethise-skintechnologymakeitswaytothemarket,markingthebeginningofaneweraofhuman-robotinteractionandcare.5.Whatadvantagedoesthenewe-skinhaveovertraditionale-skins?A.Itkeepsaccurateevenwhenstretching. B.Itenablesrobotstomoveatafastspeed.C.Itallowsrobothandstobendintoallshapes. D.Ithelpsrobothandscontrolwithlessforce.6.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thewideapplicationsofthenewe-skin.B.Theimportantdevelopmentofthenewe-skin.C.Themajorchallengeofthepressuresensor.D.Thestrongfunctionofthepressuresensor.7.Whatcanrobotswiththenewe-skindofortheglobalchallengeofagingpopulation?A.Reducehealthcarecosts. B.Limitglobalbusinessuse.C.Replacehumancaregivers. D.Improvemedicalcareefficiency.8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofthenewe-skin?A.Doubtful. B.Unclear C.Positive. D.Disapproving.【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了一種新型電子皮膚技術(shù),這種技術(shù)可以提高需要精確度和力量控制的任務(wù)的完成度,克服了技術(shù)進(jìn)步中的一大挑戰(zhàn)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thenewe-skinimprovestasksrequiringaccuracyandforcecontrol,overcomingabigchallengeinadvancingtechnology.Unliketraditionale-skins,thisnewe-skinstaysaccurateevenwhenitstretches.(新的電子皮膚改善了需要精度和力控制的任務(wù),克服了技術(shù)進(jìn)步的一大挑戰(zhàn)。與傳統(tǒng)的電子皮膚不同,這種新的電子皮膚即使在拉伸時(shí)也能保持精確)”可知,與傳統(tǒng)的電子皮膚相比,新皮膚即使拉伸也能保持準(zhǔn)確。故選A項(xiàng)。6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ThebreakthroughliesinaninnovativehybridresponsepressuresensorthatLuandherpartnershavedevelopedoveryears.Luseesthestretchablee-skinasanimportantpartofarobothandthatcanmirrorthesoftnessandsensitivityofahumanhand.Thisnewe-skintechnologysensespressurefromcontact,lettingtheattachedmachineknowhowmuchforcetouseto,forexample,holdacuportouchaperson.Indemonstrations,thenewe-skinallowedtherobothandtoadapttovarioussensitivetasks,suchasaccuratelymeasuringhumanpulse(脈搏)andpulsewaves,securelyholdingobjectswithoutdroppingthemandevenhandlingunexpecteditemslikecoinsinsideaglassorpressingonapotatochipwithoutbreakingit.(這一突破在于Lu和她的合作伙伴多年來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)的一種創(chuàng)新的混合響應(yīng)壓力傳感器。盧認(rèn)為這種可拉伸的電子皮膚是機(jī)器人手的重要組成部分,可以模仿人手的柔軟和敏感。這種新的電子皮膚技術(shù)可以感知接觸產(chǎn)生的壓力,讓附著的機(jī)器知道要用多大的力來(lái)抓取杯子或觸摸人。在演示中,這種新型電子皮膚可以讓機(jī)器人手適應(yīng)各種敏感的任務(wù),比如精確測(cè)量人體脈搏和脈搏波,安全地握住物體而不掉下來(lái),甚至處理意想不到的東西,比如玻璃杯里的硬幣,或者按壓薯片而不打碎)”可知,本段主要講述了新型電子皮膚的重要發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inaworldwheretheagingpopulationexceeds(超過(guò))thenumberofcaregivers,theneedforefficientandgentlecaresolutionsisnecessary.Lubelievesrobotsequippedwithadvancedtechnologieslikethestretchablee-skincouldplayavitalroleindealingwiththisglobalchallenge.(在一個(gè)老齡化人口超過(guò)護(hù)理人員數(shù)量的世界,需要有效和溫和的護(hù)理解決方案是必要的。盧認(rèn)為,配備了可伸縮電子皮膚等先進(jìn)技術(shù)的機(jī)器人可以在應(yīng)對(duì)這一全球性挑戰(zhàn)方面發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用)”可知,擁有新型電子皮膚的機(jī)器人能為全球人口老齡化的挑戰(zhàn)提高醫(yī)療效率。故選D項(xiàng)。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beyondmedicine,human-caringrobotscouldbeusedindisasters.Theycouldsearchforinjuredandtrappedpeopleinanearthquakeoracollapsedbuilding.Fromhealthcaretodisasterresponse,thepotentialissignificant.Withfurtherdevelopmentandcooperationwithroboticscompanies,Luhopestoseethise-skintechnologymakeitswaytothemarket,markingthebeginningofaneweraofhuman-robotinteractionandcare.(除了醫(yī)學(xué),人類(lèi)關(guān)懷機(jī)器人還可以用于災(zāi)難中。他們可以在地震或倒塌的建筑物中搜尋受傷和被困的人。從醫(yī)療保健到災(zāi)難響應(yīng),潛力巨大。隨著與機(jī)器人公司的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和合作,盧希望看到這種電子皮膚技術(shù)進(jìn)入市場(chǎng),標(biāo)志著人機(jī)交互和護(hù)理新時(shí)代的開(kāi)始)”可知,作者認(rèn)為,新型電子皮膚除了在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的使用,還可以用于災(zāi)難中,潛力巨大,所以是樂(lè)觀(guān)的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。評(píng)卷人得分三、閱讀理解(24-25高二上·四川成都·期中)ChinesehitvideogameBlackMyth:Wukonghastakenthegamingworldbystorm,sellingmorethan10millioncopiesacrossallplatformsinjustthreedaysafteritsrelease.ThegameisinspiredbytheclassicChinesenovelJourneytotheWest.Init,playerstaketheroleoftheDestinedOne,settingoffforadventurestocollectsixRelicsthatoncebelongedtoSunWukongandchallengetheCelestialCourt.Drawingonarichheritageofnearly1,000yearsofChineseculture,thegame’sstorylineandcharactershaveprovendifficulttounderstandformanyplayersfromwesterncountries.Forinstance,aplayersharedonsocialmediathattheirlackoffamiliaritywithJourneytotheWestledtothemconsistentlymissinghiddentreasures,finallyresultinginrepeatedfailuresduringabossfightinChapter2.Meanwhile,someplayersfeeloverwhelmedbynameslikeErlangShenandLingxuzi,whichcanbedifficulttopronounceforthoseunfamiliarwithChinesephonetics.Tobridgetheseculturaldivides,oneenthusiastwrotea200outlinedetailingSunWukong’sabilitiesacrossall100chaptersofJourneytotheWest.Manyothersimmersedthemselvesintheepicbycheckingoutforums,TVshows,anime,mangaandonlineencyclopedias.Throughthisprocess,westernplayershavenotonlyrefinedtheirgamingskillsbutalsodevelopedadeeperappreciationforSunWukongandJourneytotheWest.“AlthoughmanypeoplemightcompareSunWukongtoWesternsuperheroes,Ibelievetheyaredifferent,”saidPatrickfromtheUS.“SunWukonghasacarefreeandindependentnature,unlimitedbytheneedtosetagoodexampleforotherslikeSpider-Man,whobycontrastfollowsprincipleslike‘withgreatpowercomesgreatresponsibility’.”JourneytotheWestoffersacomprehensivenarrativethatcoversaverydangerousjourney,numerousencountersandtheexplorationofvariouscultures,makingitarichsourcefordiversestorytellingtypesandculturalbackgrounds.PerhapsthesearesomeofthekeyreasonswhyJourneytotheWesthasbeentranslatedintooveradozenlanguages,withmorethan60versionsavailableworldwide.9.WhatistheDestinedOneinParagraph2?A.ThenicknameofSunWukonginthegame.B.Thefictionalmaincharacterofthishitgame.C.OneoftheadventurestocollectthesixRelics.D.OneofthesixRelicsbelongingtotheCelestialCourt.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bridge”inparagraph4mostlikelymean?A.Getridof. B.Takecontrolof. C.Keeptrackof D.Takeadvantageof.11.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthegamefromthepassage?A.Ithasgraduallygainedpopularityamongplayersworldwide.B.ItsoriginalcharacterSunWukongissimilartowesternsuperheroes.C.Ithasbeentranslatedintomanylanguageswithnumerousversionsavailableworldwide.D.ItisratherchallengingforwesternplayersduetotheirunfamiliaritywithChineseculture.12.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.AChinesehitvideogameanditsoriginalnovelJourneytotheWest.B.ReasonsbehindthesuccessofChinesevideogameBlackMyth:Wukong.C.Theculturalimpactandwesternplayers’receptionofaChinesehitvideogame.D.ChallengesandbenefitsBlackMyth:WukongbringstothespreadofChineseculture.【答案】9.B10.A11.D12.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)熱門(mén)電子游戲《黑色神話(huà):悟空》的文化影響以及西方玩家對(duì)這款游戲的接受程度。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Init,playerstaketheroleoftheDestinedOne,settingoffforadventurestocollectsixRelicsthatoncebelongedtoSunWukongandchallengetheCelestialCourt.(在這款游戲中,玩家將扮演“命中注定的人”,開(kāi)始收集孫悟空的六件遺物,并向天庭發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知,DestinedOne指的是游戲中玩家所扮演的角色。故選B項(xiàng)。10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Drawingonarichheritageofnearly1,000yearsofChineseculture,thegame’sstorylineandcharactershaveprovendifficulttounderstandformanyplayersfromwesterncountries.Forinstance,aplayersharedonsocialmediathattheirlackoffamiliaritywithJourneytotheWestledtothemconsistentlymissinghiddentreasures,finallyresultinginrepeatedfailuresduringabossfightinChapter2.Meanwhile,someplayersfeeloverwhelmedbynameslikeErlangShenandLingxuzi,whichcanbedifficulttopronounceforthoseunfamiliarwithChinesephonetics.(這款游戲擁有近千年的中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn),但它的故事情節(jié)和角色對(duì)許多西方國(guó)家的玩家來(lái)說(shuō)很難理解。例如,一名玩家在社交媒體上分享說(shuō),他們對(duì)《西游記》的不熟悉導(dǎo)致他們不斷丟失隱藏的寶藏,最終導(dǎo)致他們?cè)诘诙碌腷oss戰(zhàn)中反復(fù)失敗。與此同時(shí),一些玩家對(duì)“二郎神”和“靈須子”這樣的名字感到不知所措,對(duì)于不熟悉漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的人來(lái)說(shuō),這些名字很難發(fā)音。)”可知,劃線(xiàn)單詞后面的theseculturaldivides指的是由于對(duì)中國(guó)文化的不熟悉導(dǎo)致西方玩家對(duì)故事情節(jié)和角色難理解;再由劃線(xiàn)單詞后面的“theseculturaldivides,oneenthusiastwrotea200outlinedetailingSunWukong’sabilitiesacrossall100chaptersofJourneytotheWest”可知,一位愛(ài)好者寫(xiě)了一份200頁(yè)的大綱,詳細(xì)介紹了孫悟空在《西游記》中所有100章的能力,肯定是為了彌合第三段提到的文化差異,所以劃線(xiàn)單詞bridge的意義為“彌合,消除”,與getridof意義一致。故選A項(xiàng)。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Drawingonarichheritageofnearly1,000yearsofChineseculture,thegame’sstorylineandcharactershaveprovendifficulttounderstandformanyplayersfromwesterncountries.Forinstance,aplayersharedonsocialmediathattheirlackoffamiliaritywithJourneytotheWestledtothemconsistentlymissinghiddentreasures,finallyresultinginrepeatedfailuresduringabossfightinChapter2.Meanwhile,someplayersfeeloverwhelmedbynameslikeErlangShenandLingxuzi,whichcanbedifficulttopronounceforthoseunfamiliarwithChinesephonetics.(這款游戲擁有近千年的中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn),但它的故事情節(jié)和角色對(duì)許多西方國(guó)家的玩家來(lái)說(shuō)很難理解。例如,一名玩家在社交媒體上分享說(shuō),他們對(duì)《西游記》的不熟悉導(dǎo)致他們不斷丟失隱藏的寶藏,最終導(dǎo)致他們?cè)诘诙碌腷oss戰(zhàn)中反復(fù)失敗。與此同時(shí),一些玩家對(duì)“二郎神”和“靈須子”這樣的名字感到不知所措,對(duì)于不熟悉漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的人來(lái)說(shuō),這些名字很難發(fā)音。)”可知,由于西方玩家對(duì)中國(guó)文化的不熟悉,這款游戲?qū)λ麄儊?lái)說(shuō)相當(dāng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D項(xiàng)。12.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了中國(guó)熱門(mén)電子游戲《黑色神話(huà):悟空》的文化影響以及西方玩家對(duì)這款游戲的接受程度。故選C項(xiàng)。評(píng)卷人得分三、閱讀理解(24-25高二上·黑龍江伊春·期中)Howgoodareweatpredictingwhatpeoplewilldo?Whatmagazinewilltheybuy,whatmusicwilltheydownload,orwhatshoeswilltheychooseforaparty?Probablynotnearlyasgoodaswethink.Whenitcomestohumanbehavior,thebrainisshowntohavetwodifferentwaysofthinking.Soitdoesn’tmatterhowoldyouareorhowconfidentyouarefeeling.It’sallaboutwhatmoodthebrainisin!Acommonthoughtprocessistheautomaticandfastwaywhichhelpsustoreactquicklyindangeroussituations.Thisisknownassystem1anddatesbacktotheprehistoric(史前的)timeswhenpeoplelivedwithanaturalawarenessofthedangersaroundthem—badweather,fallingrocksandtrees,andthreateninganimals.Nowadayswestillhavetheabilitytoreactsorapidlyandnaturallytosituationsthatitcanfeellikeyou’renotthinkingatall.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintotemptation(誘惑)andunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindow?Thisisbecausesystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertisinglikestomakethemostof!System2istheopposite.It’saslowthoughtprocessthatrequiresustopayattentionandconcentrate.Thiswayofthinkinghelpsustomakesensiblelong-termdecisionslikechoosingwhichuniversitytostudyat,orwhattypeofcartobuy.Theproblemisthatsystem2oftenstartstofeelboringandsosystem1takesover.HowoftenhaveyouputdownyourhomeworkorputoffdoingimportantjobstogoonFacebookorwatchaTVsoap?Weliketothinkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.However,sometimesit’ssystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutsystem2thatgetsitwrong.Forexample,sportsteamsputalotofeffortintoagameplan,butoftenit’stheunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的)humanwishtodosomethingdifferentlythatoftenleadstoanunexpectedwin.Thiscanalsoleadtothecommonmistakenideathatyoursuccessfuldecisionsshowyourskillandtalent,wheninfacttheyarejustluck.Perhapsonedayscientistswillbeabletopredictwhatdecisionspeoplewillmakebymeasuringbrainactivity.Inonestudy,volunteersweremonitoredwithbrain-scanningequipment.Theywereaskedtopresseitheraleftorarightbuttonwhenevertheywanted.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldpredictwhichbuttonthevolunteerswouldpressuptosevensecondsbeforeithappened—yourbrainseemstoknowwhatitwilldobeforeyoudo!Somescientistssayourbrainsarejustmachinesandwearenotreallyincontrolofwhat’sgoingon.Let’shopethey’rewrong!It’sonethingtobeabletotellwhichoftwobuttonsapersonwillpress,butIdon’tliketheideathatsciencecouldonedaytellmewhatdecisionsIwillmakeinmylifebeforeI’veevenhadthechancetomakethem!13.Inwhichcaseissystem1morelikelytobeincontrol?A.Whenyouchooseauniversity.B.Whenyouplanabirthdayparty.C.Whenyouprepareforaperformance.D.Whenyoubuyajacketinthewindow.14.WhyistheexampleofsportsteamsmentionedinParagraph4?A.Toshowsystem1sometimesmakestherightdecision.B.Toshowsystem2usuallymakesthewrongdecision.C.Toshowwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.D.Toshowpeoplearemorewillingtousesystem1.15.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheideathatscientistscanpredictpeople’sdecisions?A.Disappointed. B.Unhappy.C.Shocked. D.Fortunate.16.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TwoSystemsofThought B.EarlyBrainDevelopmentC.ImportanceofPlanning D.TwoWaysofDealingwithDanger【答案】13.D14.A15.B16.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了我們的大腦的兩種思維模式,即系統(tǒng)1和系統(tǒng)2,以及在生活中兩種模式是如何作用于我們的大腦決策的。13.推理判斷題。由第二段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintotemptation(誘惑)andunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindow?Thisisbecausesystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertisinglikestomakethemostof!(你有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己屈服于誘惑,無(wú)法對(duì)櫥窗里的那件新夾克說(shuō)“不”?這是因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)1在控制——這是廣告界喜歡充分利用的人類(lèi)特征!)”可知,當(dāng)看到櫥窗里的新外套的時(shí)候,我們無(wú)法抵制誘惑想要把它買(mǎi)下來(lái),這個(gè)時(shí)候系統(tǒng)1在控制我們的大腦思維。故選D。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Weliketothinkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.However,sometimesit’ssystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutsystem2thatgetsitwrong.Forexample,sportsteamsputalotofeffortintoagameplan,butoftenit’stheunconscious(無(wú)意識(shí)的)humanwishtodosomethingdifferentlythatoftenleadstoanunexpectedwin.(我們喜歡認(rèn)為我們的一生主要使用系統(tǒng)2。然而,有時(shí)是系統(tǒng)1做出了正確的決定,而系統(tǒng)2卻做錯(cuò)了。例如,運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)在比賽計(jì)劃上投入了大量精力,但通常是人類(lèi)無(wú)意識(shí)地希望做一些不同的事情,這通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致意想不到的勝利)”可知,第4段提到了運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)的例子是為了表明系統(tǒng)1有時(shí)會(huì)做出正確的決定。故選A。15.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Somescientistssayourbrainsarejustmachinesandwearenotreallyincontrolofwhat’sgoingon.Let’shopethey’rewrong!It’sonethingtobeabletotellwhichoftwobuttonsapersonwillpress,butIdon’tliketheideathatsciencecouldonedaytellmewhatdecisionsIwillmakeinmylifebeforeI’veevenhadthechancetomakethem!(一些科學(xué)家說(shuō),我們的大腦只是機(jī)器,我們并不能真正控制發(fā)生的事情。希望它們是錯(cuò)的!能夠知道一個(gè)人會(huì)按下兩個(gè)按鈕中的哪一個(gè)是一回事,但我不喜歡這樣的想法:有一天,在我有機(jī)會(huì)做出決定之前,科學(xué)就能告訴我我將在我的生活中做出什么決定!)”可知,作者對(duì)科學(xué)家可以預(yù)測(cè)人們的決定感到不高興,故選B。16.主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第二段“Acommonthoughtprocessistheautomaticandfastwaywhichhelpsustoreactquicklyindangeroussituations.Thisisknownassystem1anddatesbacktotheprehistoric(史前的)timeswhenpeoplelivedwithanaturalawarenessofthedangersaroundthem—badweather,fallingrocksandtrees,andthreateninganimals.(一種常見(jiàn)的思維過(guò)程是自動(dòng)和快速的方式,它幫助我們?cè)谖kU(xiǎn)的情況下迅速做出反應(yīng)。這被稱(chēng)為系統(tǒng)1,可以追溯到史前時(shí)代,當(dāng)時(shí)人們生活在一種對(duì)周?chē)kU(xiǎn)的自然意識(shí)中——惡劣的天氣、落下的巖石和樹(shù)木,以及受到威脅的動(dòng)物)”和第三段“System2istheopposite.It’saslowthoughtprocessthatrequiresustopayattentionandconcentrate.Thiswayofthinkinghelpsustomakesensiblelong-termdecisionslikechoosingwhichuniversitytostudyat,orwhattypeofcartobuy.(系統(tǒng)2是相反的。這是一個(gè)緩慢的思考過(guò)程,需要我們集中注意力。這種思維方式幫助我們做出明智的長(zhǎng)期決定,比如選擇哪所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),或者買(mǎi)什么類(lèi)型的車(chē))”可知,本文主要介紹了我們的大腦的兩種思維模式,即系統(tǒng)1和系統(tǒng)2,以及在生活中兩種模式是如何作用于我們的大腦決策的,因此最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“TwoSystemsofThought(兩種思維系統(tǒng))”。故選A。評(píng)卷人得分四、閱讀理解七選五(24-25高二上·黑龍江雞西·期中)Whetheryou’reanexperienceddoghandleroralittlecarefulaboutdogs,itcanbedifficulttoreadadog’scomplexlanguage.Howdoyouknowifthedogwantstogreetyouortellyoutobackoff?17Acontentandrelaxeddogwillhaveitsearsup(notforward)andheadhigh.18Yourrelaxeddog’smouthopensslightlywithtongueexposed.Ifyouarestillunsureofwhethertoapproach,goslowlyandmakenosuddenmoves.Don’tmaketoomucheyecontactandslowlyextendthebackofyourhandforthedogtosniff(嗅)firstbeforepatting.Afterthiswelcomeinteraction,dogsmayraisetheirtailsandlowerfrontpaws(爪子).

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