2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (人教版)專題01 非謂語動詞（教師版）

第01講非謂語動詞目錄語法導(dǎo)航：溫習(xí)語法知識小試牛刀：基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)+能力提升考點一非謂語動詞的形式和句法功能種類不定式動詞ing動詞ed時態(tài)一般式進行式完成式一般式完成式一般式主動todotobedoingtohavedonedoinghavingdone×被動tobedone×tohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone(vt.)表示被動完成主語√√×賓語√√×賓補√√√表語√√√定語√√√狀語√√√考點二非謂語動詞作狀語1.動詞ing（1.）表示：結(jié)果，時間，伴隨，原因，條件，方式，讓步...①結(jié)果：表示順其自然的結(jié)果Ialwaysstudyhard,making(make)mehaveagoodgrade.我總是努力學(xué)習(xí)，使得我有好成績。寫作經(jīng)常可以搭配含義“使”的動詞（make,leave）使用來變成一個高級句子=由which“這”引導(dǎo)的定從Ialwaysstudyhard,making(make)mehaveagoodgrade.=Ialwaysstudyhard,whichmakes/leavesmehaveagoodgrade.②時間：doing表示與謂語動作發(fā)生時間差不多但發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前強調(diào)先后要用havingdone?。?！如果被動需變成havingbeendone可寫在作文Hearing(hear)thenews,theygotveryexcited.“聽到這個消息，他們很興奮”Havingcleaned（clean）thedesks,webeganreadingbooks.“擦完桌子之后，我們便開始讀書”Havingbeenshown(show)aroundtheclassroom,weweretakentoseethelibrary.“我們被帶領(lǐng)看了教室后，又被帶去看圖書館”動詞ed）表示動作與主語之間為動賓關(guān)系（被動）Seen(see)fromthetopofthemountain,thecityisverybeautiful.“從山頂上看，這座城市很美”動詞todo①目的狀語，不定式的動作必須由主語發(fā)出，位于句首和句中，形式上還可用inordertodo，soastodo，但是soastodo不能放于句首Inordertopass(pass)theexam,heworkedhard.“為了通過考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)”Theymadeastudytostudy(study)thecreature.“為了研究這個生物，他們制定研究”②結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常于only連用（onlytodo）被動語態(tài)onlytobedoneWehurriedtothestation,onlytofind(find)thatthetrainhadleft.“我們匆忙地趕到車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已經(jīng)走了”Wehurriedtothestation,onlytobetold(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.“我們匆忙地趕到車站，結(jié)果被告訴車已經(jīng)開車了”③原因狀語，放在形容詞和動詞-ed形式之后做表語，與其構(gòu)成原因狀語，常見的有(happy,lucky,sorry,proud,disappointed,surprised,ready,delighted,clever,foolish,pleased...)一般搭配be：be+adj./v-ed+todo（固定）We’reproudtobe(be)youngpeopleofChina.“我們做為中國青年而自豪”獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（充當(dāng)狀語）作文高分的寫法①結(jié)構(gòu)：真正主語+謂語+邏輯主語+分詞；也可以反過來邏輯主語+分詞+真正主語+謂語?。∮涀∫?，隔開（兩個主語）②獨立主格=邏輯主語+分詞③做狀語④邏輯主語（名詞/代詞）+分詞（adj./n./doing/done/todo...）?。?！寫作分詞部分我們就寫adj.doing（主動）done（被動）Thework（邏輯主語）done（分詞）,we(真正的主語)went（謂語）home.“工作做完之后，我們回家”Mom(真主)insisted（謂語）thatwe（should）gocampinginthenextvillage，hereyes（邏輯主語）twinkling（分詞）withjoy.“媽媽堅持要求我們在一下個村莊野營，她的眼中閃爍著興奮的光芒”隨堂小練11.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.

答案exceeding2.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.

答案tosave3.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,(allow)morepatientstobetreated.

答案allowing4.ManyChinesebrands,(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.

答案havingdeveloped5.Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring(cook)ameal.

答案tocook6.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.

答案tocreate7.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.

答案using8.(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,youdbetterkeepthiscardathand.

答案Tomake9.(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

答案Ordered10.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.

答案turning考點三非謂語動詞作定語1.動詞ing①單個動詞ing一般做前置定語，動詞ing形式的短語一般是后置定語，表示用途，說明名詞/代詞的性質(zhì)，特征，強調(diào)動作。asleepingcar=acarforsleeping②主動進行Youspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnecting(connect)CuscotoLakeTiticaca.2.動詞ed①單個動詞ed一般做前置定語，動詞ed形式的短語一般是后置定語，表示用途，說明名詞/代詞的性質(zhì)，特征，強調(diào)狀態(tài)。Thepollutedwatercauseddiseasesanddeath.②被動完成TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.“成立于1911的清華大學(xué)是許多杰出人物的家”③由前面doing強調(diào)動作正在進行和done強調(diào)狀態(tài)完成，可得某些短語的區(qū)別：boilingwater正在沸騰的水boiledwater已經(jīng)燒開的水（開水）動詞todo①通常位于所修飾的名詞或者代詞之后，與其構(gòu)成主謂或者動賓的關(guān)系Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主謂)Haveyougotalettertowrite?(動賓)②當(dāng)名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，thevery，thelast，theonly修飾，且與邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系時，用動詞不定式做定語！！！被動語態(tài)tobedoneHeisthebestmantodothejob.Heisthelastmantobetoldthenews.③當(dāng)名詞是表示將來的抽象意義（dream，goal，ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity...）用todo做后置定語（固定）主動表被動Shegotachancetostudyabroad.④作定語的動詞不定式中，其中動詞為不及物動詞，不定式要加必要的介詞。Heisaverynicepersontoworkwith.隨堂小練21.Asugarpaintingismadewith(melt)brownorwhitesugar.

答案melted2.AlthoughIhadmoneyandaplace(sleep),butIrecognizedthatIneededhelptoo.

答案tosleep3.ThesurveyofateaminCanadafoundthatoneinfourofallmicrofibersinthesamples(take)acrossCanada,fromTorontototheArcticwerebluejeans.

答案taken4.Theyfeelthefullstoponce(use)intraditionaltextingisnotessentialatallbecausethemessageisnowendedjustbysendingit.

答案used5.Intheexperiments,theresearchersaskedhundredsofparticipantstowriteanemailtosomeoneclosetothem(express)theirappreciationandgivingaspecificexampleofhowthatpersonmadetheirlivesbetter.

答案expressing6.TOYOTAhasannouncedane-PaletteConceptVehicle(概念車)(design)tomeetvariousdemandsoffuturetransportationandbusinessapplications.

答案designed7.TheHZMB,(locate)atthewatersoftheLingdingyangofPearlRiverestuary,isahugesea-crossingbridge,linkingHongKongandMacaototheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai.

答案located8.Asweallknow,themarathonisanother,whichisalong-distancerace(create)inhonourofaGreeksoldierrunningfromMarathontoAthenstoreportthevictoryattheBattleofMarathon.

答案created9.Onaverage,freshorganicfruitsandvegetablescontain50percentmorevitaminsandmineralsthanfood(treat)withchemicals.

答案treated10.LouisCha,better(know)byhispennameJinYong,diedonTuesdayattheHongKongSanatorium&Hospitalatage94.

答案known考點四非謂語動詞作賓補復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With1.with+O.+OC.(充當(dāng)定語和狀語)OC.①:形容詞或介詞短語或副詞（形容詞比較常見）Witheverythingready:一切準(zhǔn)備就緒②:doing:主動進行③:done:被動完成④:todo:主動將來Find（found，found）2.find+o.+oc.Oc.①:形容詞或者介詞短語②：doing：主動進行③：done：被動完成或者狀態(tài)擴展：find+it(形式賓語)+形容詞/名詞+todo(真正的賓語)...感官動詞感官動詞+o.+oc.（see,notice,lookat,watch,observe,spot,listento,hear,feel,taste,smell...）Oc.①doing:主動進行②done：被動完成③（to）do：主動，全過程！??！省略to的不定式?。?！擴展：③用于被動語態(tài)中要還原to，此時賓補變成主補。Iseehimenterthebuilding.(主動)Hewasseentoenterthebuilding.(被動)使役動詞使役動詞+o.+oc.(make,have,drive,leave,get,let,)Oc.①doing:主動進行②done：被動完成③（to）do：主動持續(xù)！??！get和let不省略to隨堂小練31.AsIapproachedmycar,Inoticedoneperson(stand)besideme.

答案standing2.DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,QinShiHuanghadallthewalls(join)up.

答案joined3.Withlesspeople(choose)tomakesugarpaintings,thetraditionalChinesefolkcraftmighthavebecomeadistantmemoryinsomeways.

答案choosing4.Inwesterncountries,afteralongdaywiththesun(burn)yourback,abottleofcoldwatersoundsliketheperfectsolution.

答案burning5.Donotopenyourmouthtotalk,unlessyouhaveswallowedyourfood.Also,chewfoodwithyourmouth(close).

答案closed考點五非謂語動詞作主語和賓語和表語1．動詞不定式和動名詞(短語)作主語不定式(短語)作主語，表示某一具體的，尤其是未發(fā)生的動作；動名詞(短語)作主語，表示抽象的、泛指的動作，尤其是一般行為傾向。兩者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主語，而把不定式或動名詞(短語)置于后面。動名詞(短語)用it作形式主語代替時，常用于“Itisnouse/gooddoingsth”結(jié)構(gòu)中。不定式和動名詞(短語)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。①It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Readingasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.學(xué)好英語不容易，廣泛閱讀是有必要的。②Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.只學(xué)習(xí)不實踐沒有好處。③It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.對數(shù)字進行定期更新很重要。2．動詞不定式和動名詞可用作賓語(1)afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等動詞后要接不定式作賓語。①Thesmallboywantedtoownacomputerofhisown.這個小男孩想擁有一臺屬于自己的電腦。(2)come,get,grow后接不定式作賓語時，意為“逐漸地……”。②Shehasahottemper,butyouwillgrowtolikeher.她脾氣很急，但你會漸漸喜歡她的。(3)admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等動詞后要接動名詞作賓語。③BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.比爾建議召開一個關(guān)于在假期為世博會做些什么的會議。(4)giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),havefun等短語后要接動名詞作賓語。④Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.在那個餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。(5)動詞like,love,prefer,hate等后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。但表示經(jīng)常性的動作要用動名詞，表示具體的行為要用不定式。⑤Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天下午不想去。(6)動詞need,require,want作“需要”講時，其后要用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。且句子的主語通常為表示事物的名詞。與此有相同用法的動詞還有deserve“值得”。⑥Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.窗戶需要擦了。(7)介詞后一般要接動名詞作賓語。但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時，如前面有實義動詞do，不定式就要省略to。⑦Uponarrivingattheairport,hedeliveredanimportantspeech.一到機場，他就發(fā)表了重要演講。⑧Hehasnothingtodobutliedownandsleep.無事可做，他只能躺下睡覺。(8)動詞，如：find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等常用于“...it＋adj./n.＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式賓語，todo為真正的賓語，形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語。⑨Hefounditdifficulttoworkouttheproblem.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解決這一問題。(9)既可用動名詞，又可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動詞：例詞后接動名詞后接不定式remember/forget/regretremember/forget/regretdoing表示動作已發(fā)生remember/forget/regrettodo表示動作未發(fā)生trytrydoing試著做trytodo努力做stopstopdoing停止正在干的事stoptodo停下來做別的事⑩IstillrememberbeingtakentotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.我仍記得別人帶我去過法門寺，并記得在那里所看到的事物。?—Iregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.—Notsuccessful?Iperformedprettywellinmyinterview!——我很遺憾地通知你，你的申請沒有成功?！獩]成功？在面試中我表現(xiàn)得很出色呀！3．動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞可用作表語(1)當(dāng)動詞-ing形式或過去分詞作表語時，它們大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的，而且大多數(shù)是與心理狀態(tài)有聯(lián)系的詞。①Thestorysoundsinteresting.這個故事聽起來有趣。②Sheisinterestedinthestory.她對那個故事感興趣。(2)表示一般的概念時，不定式、動詞-ing形式可以互換，而表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用不定式。③Whatshelikesiswatching/towatchchildrenplay.她喜歡的事情就是看孩子們玩耍。④Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.我的愿望就是要當(dāng)個好老師。注意：下列情況下不定式作表語通常省略to：（1）主語是all其后有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句或what引導(dǎo)的從句，且從句中含有do的某種形式時。（2）主語是theonly，thefirst，thelast，形容詞最高級或被這些詞修飾，主語后有定語從句，且定語從句中含有do的某種形式時。Allyouneedtodonowiscompletetheform.你現(xiàn)在要做的是把這張表填好。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolisimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。Theonlythingtodonowisgoon.前進是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。4．“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)是對不定式用法的一個擴展其用法為：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a.語法功能：作主語、賓語、表語等,b.常見特殊疑問詞：疑問代詞who，what，which等,和疑問副詞how，when，where等,c.“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”相當(dāng)于一個名詞,性從句，所以常?？梢杂脤?yīng)的從句來代替))①Theteachertaughtthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.(作賓語)老師教學(xué)生們?nèi)绾巫鲞@個實驗。②Whentostart(＝Whenweshallstart)hasnotbeendecided.(作主語)何時動身尚未決定。③Theproblemiswheretoputthiscomputer.(作表語)問題是該把這臺計算機放在哪兒。注意：（1）“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等詞后作賓語。（2）“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。（3）“特殊疑問詞/whether＋不定式”中，用特殊疑問副詞和whether時，不定式用主動形式；用疑問代詞，且構(gòu)成不定式的動詞與疑問代詞為動賓關(guān)系時，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義，且不定式后一般不能再加賓語。隨堂小練31.Thedaughter,ZhiNu,andthecowherd,NiuLang,got(marry)andthecouplelivedhappilyforseveralyears.

答案married2.Itwouldbegood(explain)tothestudentswhatskillstheycangetthroughcoursesorassignmentsatdifferentstages.

答案toexplain3.Firstofall,(become)awareofwhatcausesyourworrywillhelptoreducethestress.

答案becoming4.Theyoftenseem(dislike)beingquestioned.

答案todislike5.Butmobilephonesarealsoathreattoourhealth.(use)themfortoolongtendstomakeuspassiveandignorephysicalexercise,whichwillcauseobesityandpooreyesight.

答案Using6.Toreallyappreciateandunderstandanotherlanguageyouneed(understand)itscultureandphilosophy.

答案tounderstand7.WorldIndustrialDesignDayisforteachingpeopleaboutthehistoryofindustrialdesignandpotentially(get)peopleinterestedintheprofession.

答案getting8.Hewalkedawayfromhisrealestatecareertocommithislifeto(help)otherschangetheirlivesandovercometheirchallenges.

答案helping基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)考點一、單詞語法填空1．Theystartedtowardsthevillagewiththeboy(lead)theway.【答案】leading【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們向村子走去，男孩在前面帶路。此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動詞lead和賓語theboy之間是主動關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。故填leading。ThereisonethingIdislikeabouthim.Heneveradmits(make)amistake.【答案】making【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他身上有一點是我不喜歡的。他從不承認(rèn)錯誤。admitdoingsth.“承認(rèn)做過某事”是固定短語，動名詞作賓語。故填making。3．Alotofpeopleattachgreatimportanceto(become)richandfamous.【答案】becoming【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：許多人非常重視變得富有和出名。此處是固定搭配attachgreatimportancetodoingsth.意為“非常重視做某事”，to是介詞，動名詞作賓語。故填becoming。4．Hisdearestwishis(see)hisgrandchildrenagain.【答案】tosee【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他最衷心的愿望是能再見到他的孫子們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，動用動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示將來。故填tosee。5．Ifyoudon’tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendup(get)somethingyoudon’twant.【答案】getting【解析】考查動名詞。句意：如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最終可能會得到一些你不想要的東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查動詞短語endupdoingsth.，意為“最終做某事”，get用動名詞形式作賓語。故填getting。6．Johnisnothere.Try(phone)hishomenumber,andmaybeyoucanfindhim.【答案】phoning【解析】考查動名詞。句意：約翰不在。試試撥打他家的電話號碼，也許你能找到他。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查動詞短語trydoingsth.，意為“試著做某事”，phone用動名詞形式作賓語。故填phoning。7．Mollytoldme(use)flashcardswasoneofthemostusefullearningstrategies.【答案】using【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：莫莉告訴我使用抽認(rèn)卡是最有用的學(xué)習(xí)策略之一。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用動名詞作主語。故填using。8．Theeducationalsoftware(aim)athelpingstudentsimprovetheirmathskillshasbeenupdatedtoincludemoreinteractivelessonsandadditionalexercises.【答案】aimed/aiming【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：旨在幫助學(xué)生提高數(shù)學(xué)技能的教育軟件已經(jīng)更新，包括更多的互動課程和額外的練習(xí)。該空非謂語動詞形式，beaimedatdoingsth.是固定短語，用其過去分詞aimed作后置定語；非謂語動詞aim和前文名詞短語Theeducationalsoftware之間也可看作是主動關(guān)系，可用其現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填aimed/aiming。9．Herjobis(teach)signlanguageinaschool.【答案】toteach/teaching【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她的工作是在一所學(xué)校教手語。分析句子，設(shè)空處可以使用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語，表示“將要去教學(xué)”用toteach；或者使用動名詞作表語即teaching。故填toteach或者teaching。10．Withhiseyes(focus)onhisscreen,hedidn’tnoticemeenterhisstudio.【答案】focused【解析】考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂語動詞。句意：他的眼睛聚焦在屏幕上，沒有注意到我進入了他的工作室。focusone’seyeson“把眼睛集聚焦在”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with+賓語+賓語補足語”，且hiseyes與focus為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞focused，作with賓語補足語。故填focused。11．Thedigitalagealsoenablesus(find)peoplewhoshareourinterests,suchascollectingmodelcarsorplayinganunusualinstrument.【答案】tofind【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：數(shù)字時代也使我們能夠找到與我們有共同興趣的人，比如收集汽車模型或演奏一種不尋常的樂器。固定搭配enablesbtodosth“使某人能做某事”，此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式，作賓語補足語。故填tofind。12．ForAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasy(explain).【答案】toexplain【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：對Alistair來說，他的決定很容易解釋。此處是“be+形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，是固定用法，故填toexplain。13．Weneedtotryotherapproachesto(solve)theproblem.【答案】solving【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們需要嘗試其他方法來解決這個問題。動詞solve意為“解決”；approachtodoingsth.“做某事的方法”；故本空填動名詞solving，作介詞to的賓語。故填solving。14．Withthenight(fall),therewasnonewsandIwasonpinsandneedles.【答案】falling【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：夜幕降臨，沒有任何消息，我如坐針氈。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞作賓語補足語，結(jié)合句意可知，fall與賓語thenight之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填falling。15．Theonlywayforus(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.【答案】tosurvive【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們生存的唯一途徑是與自然和諧相處。waytodosth.做某事的方法/途徑。根據(jù)句意，故填tosurvive。16．Onsocialmediasites,peopletend(post)onlypositiveupdatesthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.【答案】topost【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上，人們傾向于只發(fā)布讓他們看起來快樂和友好的積極更新。動詞post意為“發(fā)布”，tendtodo意為“傾向于做某事”，為固定搭配，所以此處應(yīng)用todo不定式。故填topost。17．Youcouldn’timaginethetroublewehad(learn)theEnglishidioms.【答案】learning【解析】考查動名詞。句意：你無法想象我們學(xué)習(xí)英語習(xí)語的麻煩。分析可知，本句為省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句，先行詞為thetrouble，havetrouble(in)doingsth表示“做某事有困難(很費力)”，故填learning。18．Ourmonitorwassittinginthelibrary,withherhead(bury)inthebookinherhands.【答案】buried【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們的班長坐在圖書館里，頭埋在手里的書里。bury(埋進……中)作with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語herhead的補足語，與其邏輯主語herhead之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞表被動。故填buried。19．(occupy)himselfwiththejob,thepresidenthaslittletimewithhisfamily.【答案】Occupying【解析】查非謂語動詞。句意：總統(tǒng)忙于工作，幾乎沒有時間和家人在一起。occupyoneselfwith意為“忙于”。結(jié)合句意可知，動詞occupy和邏輯主語thepresident之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Occupying。20．Our(late)forschoolmadetheteacherangry.【答案】beinglate【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們上學(xué)遲到使老師生氣了。分析句子可知，空處和Our以及forschool搭配，作句子的主語，Our為邏輯主語，belatefor是固定短語，意為“遲到”，空處應(yīng)用動名詞beinglate，構(gòu)成動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故填beinglate。能力提升一、語法填空Theideaof1.(be)abletowalkonthewaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventusever2.(accomplish)suchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch,andallourmass(質(zhì)量)pushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,3.(result)inalotofpressurethatmakesus4.(sink).

However,severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonthewater.Oneofthemost5.(interest)animalsisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard(蜥蜴)nativetoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrossthewaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoiding6.(get)wetbyrapidly7.(hit)thewater’ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeep8.(move)forward.Forhumans9.(do)this,we’dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourears10.(create)adequate“hitting”.

[語篇解讀]本文主要介紹了能在水上行走的動物。1.eresting6.getting7.hitting8.moving9.todo10.tocreate二、語法填空Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—1.(block)outharmfulbacteriafromwater.

Thediscoverywasmadebyateam2.(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin3.(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems.

Theresearchers,4.(lead)byProfessorRohitKarnik,decided5.(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid6.(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles.

Theybeganby7.(cut)1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople8.(relate)thentestedthewood’sfilteringabilitybypouringwater9.(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.10.(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.

[語篇解讀]樹木對我們的日常生活非常重要,它們不僅給我們提供食物、木材,最重要的是,它們還給我們提供生存必需的氧氣。樹木對我們的生活還有一個非常重要的作用,即它們可以阻止有害細(xì)菌進入我們的水源。1.blocking2.consisting3.developing4.led5.toturn6.toflow7.cutting8.related9.containing10.Encouraged2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___36___(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.___37___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell___38___(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___39___(see)them.Whenhelookeddown,he___40___(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.Hehungonforafewminutes___41___screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim.Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___43___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.Hesavedmy___44___(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow___45___tothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.【答案】36.falling37.The38.asleep39.tosee40.accidentally41.and42.wasfixing43.threw44.son's45.how【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述的是正在修車的Henry拯救了掛在六樓公寓的陽臺上，即將要掉下來的小孩Eric的故事。36考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)亨利看到一個小男孩掛在六樓公寓的陽臺上時，他跑了100米，跳過了1.2米高的柵欄，伸出雙臂去接要掉下來的孩子。句中的holdout為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，fall為動詞，意為“掉落”，child和fall之間是主動關(guān)系，同時表示正在進行的含義。故應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填falling。37考查冠詞。句意：布朗一家住在多倫多郊外的一棟公寓樓里。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處要填寫冠詞與Brownfamily構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語。the+姓氏，意為“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同時該單詞置于句首，首字母應(yīng)該大寫。故填The。38考查形容詞。句意：他們倆看電視的時候都睡著了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫形容詞作表語。sleep為動詞，意為“睡覺”，其形容詞為asleep。fallasleep為固定搭配，意為“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。39考查非謂語動詞。句意：過了一會兒，艾瑞克聽到孩子們在外面玩耍的聲音，醒了過來。他把一把椅子推到陽臺上，爬上去看他們。句中的climbup為謂語動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，他要爬到陽臺去看他們（外面玩鬧的孩子們。），故應(yīng)該使用todo不定式作目的狀語。故填tosee。40考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)他往下看時，不小心滑了一跤，從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫副詞修飾動詞slipped。accidental為形容詞，意為“意外的，失誤的”，其副詞為accidentally，意為“意外地，失誤地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。41考查連詞。句意：他堅持了幾分鐘，尖叫喊著他的父親，但他的父親沒有聽到他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫連詞，連接hung和screamed兩個動作。根據(jù)句意，此處表示并列關(guān)系。故填and。42考查動詞。句意：聽到尖叫聲時，亨利正在修車。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動詞。根據(jù)空后的whenheheardthescreams，可知，設(shè)空處的動作是正在發(fā)生的，同時該句描述的是過去的事實。故使用過去進行時。fix為動詞，意為“修理”，其過去進行時為wasfixing。故填wasfixing。43考查過去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一邊，伸出胳膊跑了起來。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處與空后的andstarted構(gòu)成并且結(jié)構(gòu)。故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。throw為動詞，意為“扔”，過去時為threw。故填threw。44考查名詞所有格。句意：他拯救了我兒子的生命。根據(jù)句意，life與提示詞son之間是所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)該使用名詞所有格。故填son’s。45考查特殊疑問詞。句意：我不知道如何去感謝他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處填寫的是特殊疑問詞+todo不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。根據(jù)句意，how意為“如何”，符合句意。故填how。2022年全國甲卷閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___41___(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___42___losthiseyesightatt