2018浙江杭州中考英語解析

第頁碼頁碼頁/總NUMPAGES總頁數(shù)總頁數(shù)頁2018杭州中考英語試題卷第I卷第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)(2018·浙江杭州)第一節(jié)（共5小題.每小題2分,滿分10分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置，聽完每段對話，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howdidthewomencome?A.Byair. B.Bytrain. C.Bycar.2.Wheredoesthemanlive?A.Inatown. B.Inacity. C.Inavillage.3.Whocanplaytheviolin?A.George. B.Helen. C.Alice.4.Howmanystudentsarethereinthewoman'sschool?A.330. B.350. C.370.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thebikeisnew. B.Thebikeisexpensive.C.Thebikeisheavy.(聽力無錄音稿，答案：CCCAB)(2018·浙江杭州)第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題2分,滿分20分）聽下面3段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置，聽每段對話或獨白前，你有時間閱讀各小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第8三個小題。6.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Touringaschool. B.Visitingamuseum. C.Havingapicnic.7.Whichsignismentionedintheconversation?A. B. C.8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Momandson. B.Teacherandstudent C.Waitressandcustomer(聽力無錄音稿，答案：BAB)(2018·浙江杭州)聽下面一段對話，回答第9至第11三個小題。9.What'sthewoman？A.Arestaurantowner. B.Aninterviewer C.Acafewaitress.10.WhendopeopleinNewYorkusuallygotorestaurants?A.Between5and6p.m. B.Between7and8:30p.m. C.Between8and9p.m.11.WhichrestaurantaregettingpopularwithpeopleinLondon?A.Indianrestaurants. B.SouthAmericanrestaurants. C.Italianrestaurants.(聽力無錄音稿，答案：BAA)(2018·浙江杭州)聽下面一段獨白，回答第12至第15四個小題。12.Howmanydaysdoesthespeakerworkeveryweek?A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.13.Whydoesthespeakerofteneatabiglunch?A.Heisveryhungry.B.Heistoobusyfordinner.C.Hereallylikesthefood.14.Whatdoesthespeakeroftendotorelaxatnight?A.Listentomusic. B.Watchmovies.C.Goshopping.15.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofhisgroupmembers?A.Lonelybutsuccessful. B.Famousandprofessional. C.Hardworkingandfriendly.(聽力無錄音稿，答案：BBAC)(2018·浙江杭州)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項。(2018·浙江杭州)AWhenCanadianteenagerRyanwassixyearsold,histeachertoldhimthatinmanypartsofAfrica,therewasnocleanwater.Shesaidthatpeopleoftenmadethemselvesill,andevendied,justfromdrinkingorbathingindirtywater.WhatshesaidmadeRyanupset.Hedecidedtoraisemoneyforawell(井)sothatpeopleinAfricacouldhavecleanwater.Hedidextrachoresforhisparentsandraised$70allbyhimself.Thenhefoundoutthatitactuallycost$2,000todigawell.Mostpeoplewouldhavegivenupatthispoint,butnotRyan.Hewasdisappointed,butdeterminedtoraisemoremoney.Finallyhecollectedover$2,000.Thatmoneywasusedtodigthefirstof“Ryan'swells”.Sincethen,Ryanhascontinuedtoraisemoneyformorewells.Infact,Ryanhasraisedover$1,500,000!Ryancallshimself“anormalboy”andlikestoplayicehockeywhenhe'snotinschoolortravelingaroundtheworldtalkingtootherstudentsabouthimselfandhiswork.Asforthefuture,hehassaidthatheisn'texactlysurewhathewillchoosetodo.“Somethingalongthelinesofalawyerorateacher.Maybealeader!”Ryan'steachertoldhimaboutthewaterprobleminAfricainorderto .encourageRyantodigwellsforpeopleinAfricaaskRyantoraisemoneyforpoorpeopleinAfricamakeRyanfeelunhappyanddisappointededucateRyantocareaboutAfricanpeopleindifficultyWhatdoesRyanthinkofhimselfaccordingtothepassage?Heisdifferentfromotherstudentsinmanyways.Henevergivesupwhenhehasdecidedtodosomething.Heistalentedandcandomanygreatthingsinthefuture.He'slikeotherstudentswithhisownhobbyanddreams.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RyanandHisTeacher B.RyanandHisWells.C.RyanandHisMoney D.RyanandHisFuture體裁記敘文話題人物故事詞數(shù)211【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要內(nèi)容是：男孩Ryan了解到非洲人民非常缺少潔凈水，為了幫助他們而想盡辦法四處籌錢并造井的故事。D。17.5Ryancallshimself‘a(chǎn)normalboy’,Ryan覺得自己是一個普通的男孩，有自己的愛好和理想。Ryan為了幫助非洲人民而籌錢造井的事。(2018·浙江杭州)BWhowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?Believeitornot,that’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015.Duringthemeal,theworldleadersenjoyeddisheslikesaladsandburgersmadewiththrown-awayvegetablesandfruits.ChefDanBarber,whohelpedcreatethemeal,hopedthattheexperiencewouldmaketheleaderspaymoreattentiontotheissueoffoodwaste.Itisahugeproblem.OneoutofninepeopleonEarthdoesnotgetenoughfood.Yeteveryyearoveronethirdofthefoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste!Whyissomuchfoodwasted?Firstly,foodisoftenthrownawaybeforeitreachescustomersbecausetoomuchofitisproduced,orbecauseitisnotkeptproperlyinfarms.Secondly,shopsandsupermarketsusuallythrowawayunsoldfood.Finally,customersoftenbuymorefoodthantheyneed,soalotofuneatenfoodiswasted.Howcanyouwastelessfood?Wheneatingout,youmayaskforlessfoodandtakehomewhatisleft.Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyareusuallymorewasteful.Encourageyourfavoriterestaurantstogiveunsoldfoodtofoodbanks.Youcanalsowastelessfoodathome.Usesmallerricebowlssothatyouservelessrice.Encouragefamilymemberstouseunfinishedricetomakericepuddings.Tellfamilymemberstomakeashoppinglistandbuyonlywhatisonthelistwhenshoppingforfood.Foodwasteisagrowingproblemandwe,eitherfarmersorfoodsellersorcustomers,musttakethisproblemmoreseriouslyanddowhatwecantohelp.WhatdidworldleadersdoatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015?Theythrewawayfoodaswasteduringthemeal.TheymadedisheswithwastevegetablesandfruitsTheyatefoodmadewithwastevegetablesandfruits.TheyhelpedChefDanBarbercreatethespecialmeal.Theunderlinedword“issue”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto .A.result B.problem C.cause D.beginningThewriterorganizesParagraph4byaskingaquestionand .A.givingexamples B.usingnumbersC.listingreasons D.tellingastoryWhichwayofwastinglessfoodismentionedinthepassage?Buyingunsoldfoodfromsupermarkets.Keepingfoodproperlyinfridge.Usingsmallerricebowlswheneatingout.Askingforlessfoodinrestaurants.體裁議論文話題社會熱點：食物浪費詞數(shù)284【主旨大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要內(nèi)容：談論食物浪費問題，并給出一些解決方案和號召全民重視該問題。19.C。考查細節(jié)理解題，難度較小。Whowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?That’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationin2015.結合第二段首句可知各國領導人吃了被當做垃圾扔掉的水果和蔬菜做成的食物。20.B?？疾樵~義猜測題，難度適中。通過第二段可知，這個活動是為了讓領導者更多地關注食物浪費問題。21.C?？疾槎温浣Y構題，難度適中，通過文章中“firstly,secondly,finally”可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者通過提問和舉例說明的方式來編寫這個段落。22.D?？疾榧毠?jié)理解題，難度較小。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyusuallymorewasteful.”去快餐店會造成更多的浪費。(2018·浙江杭州)CBananasaretheperfectsnack.Notonlyaretheysweetanddelicious,buttheyareeasytocarryaround,soyoucantakethemanywhere.Bestofall,bananasprovidedifferentthingsthatthehumanbodyneeds!Bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain.Theygrowonplantsthatlookliketrees.Thebananaplant,however,isconsideredaherbratherthanatreebecauseitdoesn’thaveastrong,woodystem（莖，干）.Theplantscangrowashighas30feet.Whentheyreachtheirfullheight,flowersgrowoutfromthestem.Theseflowersproducebananas.Twoorthreetimeseachyear,theplantsproducefruit.Thebananasgrowtogether,whichseemlike“hands”.Ahandismadeupof10to20bananas.Growerssometimescallbananas“fingers”.Eachbunch（叢）ofbananashasabout15hands,andsoawholebunchmayhaveasmanyas200bananasandcanweighmorethan100pounds.Afteraboutthreemonths,thebananasarereadytobepicked.Atthispoint,theystillaren’tthesunnyyellowcolorofbananas.Farmerspickthemwhenthey’regreen.That’showthey’reshippedtostores.Theyturnyellowalongthewayandarereadytobesold.Ifyoulovebananas,you’vegotalotofcompany.AmericanshavebeenenjoyingbananassincethefirstshipmentarrivedintheUnitedStatesin1876.Today,Americaneatmorebananasthananyotherfruit.Morebananasaresoldthanapplesandgrapestogether.EveryAmericaneatsover26poundsofbananaseachyear!23.Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout___________.A.whypeoplelikebananasB.howbananastasteC.whatbananasarerichinD.wherebananasaretaken24.Whatisthecorrectorderinwhichthesehappen?a.Thebananasbegintoturnyellow b.Abananaplantgrowstofullheight.C.Theflowersproducebananas. d.Thebananasarereadytobepicked.A.c-b-a-d B.b-c-d-a C.b-c-a-d D.c-b-d-a25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thebananaplantisakindoftree.B.Bananaslikegrowinginhotanddryareas.C.Onebunchofbananasmayweighover100pounds.D.Thebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.26.WhichisthesecondmostpopularfruitinAmericaaccordingtothebarchart?A.Apples. B.Grapes. C.Bananas. D.Oranges體裁說明文話題科普知識詞數(shù)272【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要從香蕉的營養(yǎng)、生長、生產(chǎn)、出售等方面進行了詳細的介紹。23.A。考查主旨大意題。通過第一段的關鍵詞“perfect”、“provide”，關鍵句“notonly...butalso”可知，第一段主要講的是為什么人們喜歡香蕉。故選A。24.B?？疾榧毠?jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，b出現(xiàn)在第二段倒數(shù)第二句，再是c出現(xiàn)在第二段倒數(shù)第一句，d出現(xiàn)在第四段第一句，最后a出現(xiàn)在第四段最后一句，故B為正確選項。25.C?？疾榧毠?jié)理解題。結合文中第二段第三句：thebananaplan，however，isconsideredaherb可排除A項。結合文中第二段的第一句：bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain可排除B項。根據(jù)第三段第一句twoorthreetimeseachyear排除D項。根據(jù)第三段最后一句canweighmorethan100pounds相符合。故選C。26.A?？疾榧毠?jié)題。此類題目需要結合表格，尋找題干關鍵詞，與表格信息對應。題干關鍵詞“thesecondmostpopular”對應表格第二高的樹狀圖，定位apples。故選A。(2018·浙江杭州)DThereisapopularChinesesayingthat“Fairskin(皮膚)willmakeupforthreeflaws(缺陷)”.ThismentionsthefactthatinChineseculture,itisbelievedthatpeoplewhohavefairskinaremorebeautiful.Inculture,however,theoppositeistrue—manyWesternersthinktannedskinisprettier.Theexampleshowsthatdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasofwhattheythinkisbeautiful.Theseculturalmeaningsofbeauty,however,arenolongerimportant.Asmoreandmorepeopletraveloverseas,ideasaboutbeautyarebeingsharedamongcultures.TheInternethasalsomadeiteasierforpeopletosharedifferenttypesofbeautysincepeoplearealwayspostingpicturesonsocialmedia.Theresultisanever-changingideaofwhatisconsideredbeautiful.Theculturalpracticeofearpiercings,forexample,hasbecomeapartofmoderndayculture.InKenya,itisatraditionamongMasaimenandwomentopierceandthenmaketheirearlobes(耳垂)longerusingivoryandwoodorstones.Theythenwearcolorfulthingsontheirearlobes.Thisisacommonpracticesincelongerearlobesareseenasasignofbeauty.Thistraditionhasnowfounditswayintopresent-dayculture.Nowadays,thismightstillseemunusualtosome,butwithmoreandmorewell-knownactorsandfilmstarsshowingofftheirlongerearlobes,itwillfinallybecomemorefashionable.Itisunderstoodthatdifferentculturesaroundtheworldhavedifferentwaysofshowingbeauty.However,sincewenowliveinaworldwidesociety,people’sviewsaboutbeautyarealwayschanging.WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.Sowhatnewfashionscanweexpecttoseeinthefuture?Whathasmadeiteasierforpeopletoshareideasaboutbeauty?A.Thedevelopmentoftechnology. B.Thepopularityofthelatestfashions.C.Theunchangedculturaltraditions. D.Theworld’sgrowingpopulation.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMasaipeoplefromthepassage?A.Longerearlobesaretheirnewfashion.B.Onlywomenmaketheirearlobeslonger.C.Theythinklongerearlobeslookbeautiful.D.Theymakeactorsandfilmstarsfamous.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto .A.people B.ideas C.cultures D.fashionsWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.PeopleinAsiancountrieslikefairskinbetter.B.Beautyisconsideredimportantinmanycultures.C.Differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutbeauty.D.People’sideasaboutbeautyarechangingallthetime體裁說明文話題社會行為詞數(shù)307【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了不同國家，不同民族，不同文化對美的不同解讀，以及人們審美觀點的變化。27.A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后倒數(shù)第二句“withthehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenoweasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout”可知，科技的發(fā)展使得人們對美的看法更容易傳播。故選A。28.C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，Masai人民會穿耳洞，用象牙、木頭和石頭讓耳垂變大的目的是為了美。故選C。29.A。詞義推理題。根據(jù)文中最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.”可知，此處them指的是people。故選A。30.D?？疾橹髦即笠忸}。這篇文章第一段最后一句和最后一段第二句，都是文章中心句，都表明了人們對美的理解是一直在變的。故選D。(2018·浙江杭州)第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）下面文章中有五處（第31-35題）需要添加小標題。請從以下選項（A、B、C、D、E和F）中選出符合各段意思的小標題。選項中有一項是多余選項。Fivewaystomakeagreatfirstimpression（印象）!Researchershavediscoveredthat,ingeneral,itonlytakessevensecondsforapersontostartmakingjudgmentsaboutyouwhentheyfirstmeetyou.That’swhyyoushouldfollowtheseusefultipsonhowtocreateagoodfirstimpression.31. Beforemeetingsomeone,startthinkingaboutthepurposeofthemeeting.Areyoutryingtoimpressthem?Forexample,ifyouwanttomakenewfriendsatasocialevent,youwillwanttoappearfriendly.Andifyoudecidetorunforclasspresidentatyourschool,youwillneedtoappearconfident（自信）.32. Smilingisthemostimportantthingyoucandowhenmeetingsomeonenew.Itshowsthatyou’refriendlyandmakespeoplearoundyoufeelmorecomfortable.Tohaveawinningsmile,makesureyourteetharecleanbybrushingthemeveryday.33. Beforeyoubeginspeaking,youwillbejudgedonyourbodylanguage.Therefore,it’simportanttoshowtrustinyourselfbystandinguptallandputtingyourshouldersback.Besides,ifyouuncrossyourarms,youwillappearrelaxedandfriendly.34. Howyousmellcaninfluencepeople’sfirstimpressionofyou.Ifyouhaveabadbodysmell,itwillputpeopleoff.Inshort,aimtosmellcleanandavoidputtingonalotofscentedproducts.35. Whatyouwearmatters.Whileyoushouldlookcleanandtidy,alsoimportanttodressproperly,whetheryou’regoingtoabirthdaypartyorasportingevent.shouldthinkaboutwhatyourclothessayaboutyou.SmellgoodDresstoimpressGetreadyforaspeechAsmilegoesalongwayBecarefulaboutyourbodylanguageDecidewhatimage（形象）youwanttopresent【解題思路】此類任務型閱讀主要是考察考生對于每段大意的把握。這篇文章體裁是說明文。從標題中也可以看出，文章主要圍繞建立良好的第一印象的五種方式進行說明。31.F。根據(jù)關鍵詞“purposeofthemeeting”，“appearfriendly”，“appearconfident”可知此段主要是說你想要展現(xiàn)的形象，故選F。32.D。根據(jù)關鍵詞“smiling”可知此段主要是說微笑的重要性，故選D。33.E。根據(jù)關鍵詞“bodylanguage”，可知此段主要是說肢體語言的重要性，故選E。34.A。根據(jù)關鍵詞“smell”可知此段主要是說氣味的重要性，故選A。35.B。根據(jù)關鍵詞“dress”可知此段主要是說穿著的重要性，故選B。第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）(2018·浙江杭州)第一節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出一個最佳選項。MyfriendsandIjoinedatwo-daysurvival（生存）trainingcourseinthemountains.Thefirstdaywasreally36—therewassomuchtodo!Arrivingatthecampsite,weweredividedintogroupsandgivenatent,somefood,a37andacompass（指南針）.Standingnexttoasmallriver,Fanny38campinginthegrassyareanearby.However,ourinstructor,Mr.Lee,pointedoutthatitmightflood（淹沒）ifitrained.Intheend,wefounda39area.Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.40Mr.Leehelpedusalot.Bythetimewehadputupthetent,41wasreallyhungry.“Wewouldn’thavegotthishungryifwehadbroughtsomesnacks.”Petersaid.Wealltoldhimto42complaining（抱怨）andhelpusstartafiretocookourfood43.Realizingwewerehavingtroublemakingthefire,hefinally44.Thenextdaystartedearly.Wokenbyastrangenoise.Peterwenttoseewhatwas45.“Somecowshaveeatenourbreakfast!”heshouted.“That’sallbecauseyoudidn’t46thefoodproperlylastnight.”saidMr.Lee.WorriedthatMr.Leewasangrywithus,wetriedveryhardonournext 47 －usingthemapandcompasstofindasecretlocation.Wemadeittothelocation 48 theothergroupsdid.Weallfeltveryproudof49.Thesurvivaltrainingcoursewasagreat 50 .NowIfeelIcouldsurviveanywhere!36.A.disappointingB.difficultC.differentD.boring37.A.mapB.bookC.lightD.knife38.A.suggestedB.finishedC.imaginedD.enjoyed39.A.nearerB.lowerC.biggerD.higher40.A.SurprisinglyB.SuddenlyC.LuckilyD.Usually41.A.everyoneB.anyoneC.someoneD.noone42.A.startB.mindC.stopD.continue43.A.yetB.tooC.againD.instead44.A.helpedoutB.gaveoutC.workedoutD.startedout45.A.developingB.happeningC.beginningD.following46.A.throwoffB.putawayC.eatupD.sellout47.A.planB.lessonC.taskD.problem48.A.tillB.afterC.whenD.before49.A.himB.themC.youD.ourselves50.A.exampleB.experienceC.activityD.competition體裁記敘文話題生活經(jīng)歷詞數(shù)273【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了我和我的朋友們參加生存訓練課的經(jīng)歷?！窘忸}思路】36.B考查形容詞。通過后文對第一天的描述，例如需要搭建帳篷、生火等。作者評論“Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.”以及“weweretroublemakingthefire…”，所以第一天是充滿困難的。37.A考查名詞。根據(jù)文章在山上參加生存訓練課，除了需要帳篷、食物、指南針之外，還需要地圖。并且第四段也有提到map。38.A考查動詞。根據(jù)上文，我們需要搭建帳篷，于是Fanny建議露營在草地旁。suggest建議；finish完成；imagine想象；enjoy享受；所以選A39.D考查形容詞。根據(jù)后文Mr.Lee指出，如果下雨，我們建在草地邊的帳篷會被淹掉。水往低處走，所以我們應建在更高的地方。40.C考查副詞。根據(jù)空格前，搭帳篷很困難，空格后又稱Mr.Lee幫助了我們，所以我們表示很幸運。surprisingly，令人驚訝地；suddenly，突然地；luckily，幸運地是；usually，不同尋常地。41.A考查代詞。根據(jù)后文Peter說“如果我們帶了零食，就不會在這挨餓了?！币约昂竺嫔鹱鲲?，說明每個人都很餓。42.C考查動詞。根據(jù)后文讓他來幫助我們一起生火，所以是停止抱怨。start“開始”；mind，“介意；stop，“停止”；continue，“繼續(xù)”；所以選C。43.D考查副詞。我們告訴Peter不要抱怨，而是來幫我們一起生火。yet，“然而”；too，“也”；again，“再一次”；instead，“替代，而是”；44.A考查動詞。根據(jù)上文可判斷，意識到我們生火有麻煩時，他最終來幫忙了。helpout，“協(xié)助”；giveout，“發(fā)表；用完”；workout，“解決；制定”；startout，“開始；著手”。45.B考查動詞。根據(jù)前文，我們被奇怪的聲音吵醒，所以Peter跑出去看發(fā)生了什么。develop，“發(fā)展；happen，“發(fā)生”；begin，“開始”；follow，“跟隨”。46.B考查動詞。根據(jù)上文食物被奶牛吃了，Mr.Lee對Peter說是因為昨晚沒有把食物正確儲存起來。throwoff，“擺脫”；putaway，“存儲”；eatup，“吃完”；sellout，“賣完”。47.C考查名詞?？崭窈笃普厶柋硎窘忉屨f明，句意“需要用地圖和指南針找到一個秘密地。”所以這是一項任務。plan，“計劃”；lesson，“課程”；task，“任務”；problem，“問題”。48.D考查連詞。句意：我們在其他組找到之前成功找到了秘密地。till“直到……才”；after“在……之后”；when“當……時”；before“在……之前”。49.D考查代詞?？崭袼诘木渥又髡Z是we。beproudofoneself，為某人感到自豪。所以選D。50.B考查名詞。句意：生存訓練是一項很棒的經(jīng)歷。example，“例子”；experience，“經(jīng)歷”；activity，“活動”；competition，“競賽”。第三部分英語知識應用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）(2018·浙江杭州)第二節(jié)：（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。將答案填寫在答題紙的相應位置。Nexttimeyouholdabookinyourhands,stopandthink.Likemostotherthingsinthemodernworld,itistheresultofthousandsofyearsofhumaninvention.First,cametheinventionofwriting, 51 (probable)about5500yearago.Withwriting,peopledidnothavetoremembereverythingintheirheads.Theycouldcommunicatewithpeoplethattheynever 52 (see)andsharetheirknowledgewithfuturegenerations.Later,theGreekswerewell-donefortheirliterature(文學)andscience,buttheir“books”lookedverydifferent53thebooksoftoday.Theywerecalledscrolls(卷軸).Theyweredifficulttouseandtookalotofspaceinalibrary.About2,000yearsago,bookswithlotsofpages54(invent).Formorethanathousandyears,thepagesofbooksweremadefromanimalskin.Thatchangedin 55 thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutavery 56 Chineseinvention:paper.ButthebiggestchangeforbooksinEuropecamein1439,whenJohannesGutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Beforethat,booksinEuropewerecopiedbyhand,sotheywereveryexpensive.Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks 57 wereproducedonaprintingpress.Thesedaysitisdifficult 58 (imagine)aworldwithoutbooks.Buthumaninventiondoesnotstop.Everyyear,more 59 (story)areboughtase-booksandreadonascreen.Willanyoneturnthepagesofatraditionalbookinthefuture, 60 willbooks,scrolls,soondisappear?【解題思路】51.probably考查副詞?！按蟾?500年以前”是句子的時間狀語，故填probably。句意：首先來說一下寫作的由來，大概在5500年以前。52.saw考查時態(tài)。此處的saw是定語從句中的謂語動詞，考慮時態(tài)，根據(jù)主句中的could判斷從句用一般過去時，故填saw。句意：他們能夠與他們從來沒有見過的人們交流，和子孫后代們分享他們的知識。53.from/to/than考查介詞。bedifferentfrom/to/than表示“與……不同”。句意：后來，希臘人因他們的文學和科學而著名，但是他們的“書籍”看起來和現(xiàn)在的書籍非常不同。54.wereinvented考查被動語態(tài)。書和發(fā)明之間是被動關系，books是復數(shù)，故填wereinvented。句意：大約2000年以前，有很多書頁的書被發(fā)明了。55.the考查冠詞。inthe+序數(shù)詞+century表示“在第幾世紀”，序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the。句意：書頁由獸皮制作的那種現(xiàn)象在13世紀發(fā)生改變。56.useful考查形容詞。invention是名詞，發(fā)明，形容詞修飾名詞，故填useful。句意：當歐洲人了解到中國一個非常有用的發(fā)明紙的時候。57.that/which考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是物：thebooks，