《600分考點(diǎn)700分考法》A版2017屆高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)課件-專題18推理判斷(共31張)

第2部分

閱讀理解專題18推理判斷目錄600分考點(diǎn)真題例解Passage1Passage2

700分考法完美應(yīng)對(duì)題型考法解析

考法1考查隱含意義的推斷考法2考查作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)的推斷考法3考查寫作目的的推斷考法4考查文章出處的推斷常用的解題方法題型應(yīng)考技巧600分考點(diǎn)真題例解Passage1Passage2體裁：說明文主題：法國(guó)的特色咖啡館詞數(shù)：354建議用時(shí)：8′ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.Thisevening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance’sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn’talwayseasy.Thecustomers—somethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession—arequicktointellectualize(高談闊論)，slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosay‘onefeels,’or‘peoplethink’,”Lehannetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink,’‘Thinkme’.”Acafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?Itcouldn’tseemmoreun-French.ButLehanne’spsychologycafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It’stryingtohelpthecity’stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.由該句可看出，利安娜鼓勵(lì)來(lái)咖啡店的顧客表達(dá)自己的真實(shí)感受。“Ithink”與“Thinkme”呼應(yīng)本段第三句，強(qiáng)調(diào)利安娜的主題咖啡館的交流方式。句中破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容點(diǎn)明了主題咖啡館在法國(guó)出現(xiàn)的背景：法國(guó)現(xiàn)代生活方式的改變，即更長(zhǎng)的工作時(shí)間、快餐業(yè)的興起和年輕人喜歡花更多的時(shí)間呆在家里等導(dǎo)致了人們不經(jīng)常去咖啡館，因此，需要有新的主題咖啡館出現(xiàn)來(lái)改變這種情況。Passage1語(yǔ)篇線索［課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ2015·D］

Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne’sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There’sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,”saysMauriceFrisch,acafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe’dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn’texist,”shesays.“Iflifeweren’tabattle,peoplewouldn’tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthen,itwouldn’tbeFrance.

最后一段第一句是本段的主題句：“心理咖啡館”會(huì)給需要的人巨大的安慰，因而成為最受歡迎的地方之一。語(yǔ)篇線索1.WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecafeLaChope?A.Learnanewsubject.B.Keepintouchwithfriends.C.Showofftheirknowledge.D.Expresstheirtruefeelings.2.HowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A.Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.B.Theystayopenforlongerhours.C.Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.D.Theystarttoservefastfood.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要講述了“精神咖啡館”在法國(guó)的社會(huì)意義和特色功能。1.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.可知，喬普咖啡館鼓勵(lì)人們表達(dá)他們真正的情感。故選D項(xiàng)。2.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句Overtheyears,ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.可知，多年來(lái)，巴黎的咖啡館成了法國(guó)人生活方式改變的受害者，例如工作時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)、快餐業(yè)的興起以及年輕人渴望花更多的時(shí)間呆在家里。這些生活方式的改變都導(dǎo)致了人們不經(jīng)常去咖啡館，故選A項(xiàng)。

3.Whatarethemecafesexpectedtodo?A.Createmorejobs.B.Supplybetterdrinks.C.Savethecafebusiness.D.Servetheneighborhood.4.WhyarepsychologycafesbecomingpopularinParis?A.Theybringpeopletruefriendship.B.Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C.Theyhelppeoplerealizetheirdreams.D.Theyofferaplatformforbusinesslinks.3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第五句Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.可知，很多新主題咖啡館的出現(xiàn)似乎改變了現(xiàn)狀，也就是拯救了咖啡館行業(yè)，故選C項(xiàng)。4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.可知，“心理咖啡館”在巴黎成為最受歡迎的地方之一，是因?yàn)樗鼈兘o予人們很大的安慰，即給予了人們精神上的支持，故選B項(xiàng)。體裁：議論文主題：生活態(tài)度詞數(shù)：330建議用時(shí)：5′Atypicalliontamer(馴獸師)inpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhip(鞭)andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?第一段的事例通常作鋪墊引出話題。因此，要注意作者的寫作意圖。第二段提出了文章的主旨，人類和獅子面對(duì)多種選擇時(shí)反應(yīng)是一樣的，由此提出問題引發(fā)讀者思考。Passage2語(yǔ)篇線索［課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ2014·C］Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.Itdoesn’thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoaccomplish,someoneyouwanttobecome…takeimmediateaction.Ifyou’reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.第三段提出了作者和大家的困惑，并作為下文的銜接過渡。由本段第一句中的confused，conflictinginformation等關(guān)鍵詞可以看出，作者對(duì)專家持懷疑態(tài)度。最后一段點(diǎn)題，歸納總結(jié)，提出了解決方法。由第二句和第五句可推斷，作者建議人們面臨多種選擇時(shí)要快速作出決定。語(yǔ)篇線索

1.Whydoestheliontameruseachair?A.Totrickthelion.B.Toshowoffhisskills.C.Togetreadyforafight.D.Toentertaintheaudience.2.Inwhatsensearepeoplesimilartoalionfacingachair?A.Theyfeelpuzzledoverchoices.B.Theyholdontothewrongthings.C.Theyfindithardtomakechanges.D.Theyhavetodosomethingforshow.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。面對(duì)眾多選擇的時(shí)候，我們是迷茫徘徊不前，還是集中關(guān)注我們想要做的事情并且果斷開始行動(dòng)呢？成功人士的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，只要有了清晰的目標(biāo)，就要馬上開始行動(dòng)。1.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句和第三句可知，鞭子只是為了表演，而真正起作用的是椅子。是椅子的四條腿讓獅子感到困惑，從而選擇靜止不動(dòng)，無(wú)法去襲擊馴獸師。故選A項(xiàng)。2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句可知，人類在面臨眾多選擇的時(shí)候，也常常會(huì)感到困惑。這和上文提到的獅子面臨的情況相似。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.4.Whentheworldis“wavingachairinyourface”,you’readvisedto______.A.waitforabetterchanceB.breakyouroldhabitsC.makeaquickdecisionD.askforclearguidance3.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對(duì)那些互相矛盾的信息感到困惑。這也正是“我”一直為此而煩惱的原因。由此可以推斷，作者對(duì)那些專家持懷疑的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句和第五句可知，當(dāng)你面對(duì)生活向你拋出的眾多選擇時(shí)，最好的做法就是立刻作出決定，馬上采取行動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。700分考法完美應(yīng)對(duì)題型考法解析

考法1考查隱含意義的推斷考法2考查作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)的推斷考法3考查寫作目的的推斷考法4考查文章出處的推斷考法1考查隱含意義的推斷常見的設(shè)問方式有:Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassage/textthat_____.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage/text?Accordingto…,wecaninferthat______.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely______.Thestoryimpliesthat______.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat______.例［天津2015·C］【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中…shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.可知，作者后來(lái)成了一名成功的作家。故選A項(xiàng)。AInevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”（奇跡般的）experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.49.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.B.Theauthor’smotherreadthesamebook.C.Theauthor’smotherrewardedhimwithbooks.D.Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.考法2考查作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)的推斷常見的設(shè)問方式有:Thewriterthoughtthat______.Thewritersuggeststhat______.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward…?Accordingtotheauthor,______.Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.例［課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ2014·C］【解析】推理判斷題——推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度。根據(jù)本段第一句可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對(duì)那些相互矛盾的信息感到困惑，這也正是“我”一直為此煩惱的原因。由此可推斷，作者對(duì)那些專家持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。BThisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.…30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.考法3考查寫作目的的推斷(1)考查整篇文章的寫作目的

常見的設(shè)問方式有:Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto______.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto______.考法3考查寫作目的的推斷(2)考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖

常見的設(shè)問方式有:Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat______.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto______.例［遼寧2014·A］Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops(筆記本電腦).Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility(清晰度).Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlessly”bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.Inthefirstexperiment,studentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnote-takingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalk,theywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.Theresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhand.However,thetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers’reportsaid,“Whilemorenotesarebeneficial,ifthenotesaretakenmindlessly,asismorelikelythecaseonalaptop,thebenefitdisappears.”Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemory,studentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecture.Thistime,thestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和最后一段可知,本文作者的寫作目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)用筆做筆記的益處。故選B項(xiàng)。B23.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto____.A.examinetheimportanceoflong-termmemoryB.stressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandC.explaintheprocessoftakingnotesD.promotetheuseoflaptopsB考法4考查文章出處的推斷

常見的設(shè)問方式有:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.例［2014遼寧·A］【解析】推理判斷題。文章介紹的是一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，屬于科普類文章，由此可推斷出文章應(yīng)出自科學(xué)雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。C原文鏈接考法3