Unit 2【速記清單】-2023-2024學年八年級英語上冊（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

Unit2TraditionalskillsTraditionalskills話題傳統(tǒng)技能詞匯fit,elderly,control,raft,require,rod,bamboo,swallow,bang,attract,hang,enable,remove,traditional,skill，modern短語upto達到最大數(shù)量，多達setoff出發(fā)，動身beinterestedinsth對……感興趣anelderlyman一個老年人begoodat擅長于upanddown上上下下thistypeof這種……in50years五十年后句型beinterestedtodosthinteresting,interested，interesting對比in,after,later區(qū)別語法被動語態(tài)（一）考點1.fitadj.健康的【例題】Mygrandpausuallyrunsinthemorningtokeepfit.為了保持健康，我爺爺經(jīng)常早晨跑步?！窘x】healthyadj.健康的，健壯的strongadj.強壯的【拓展】fitnessn.健康e.g.afitnessclub健身俱樂部afitnesscenter健身中心考點2.elderlyadj.過了中年的，稍老的【例題】Shewasratherelderlywithgreyhairandclearblueeyes.她上了年紀，頭發(fā)灰白，藍色的眼睛閃著光芒?！就卣埂窟@些形容詞都表示年紀遲暮的或生活經(jīng)歷多的，但是側重點各有不同。(1)elderly用來形容一個人處于中年和老年之間.e.g.Elderlyresidentsofthecitycouldstillrecalltheconstructionofthefirstskyscraper.這座城市的老居民還能回憶起建造第一幢摩天大樓的情形。(2)old表示“年邁的”。e.g.Therearesofewwhocangrowoldwithagoodgrace.很少有人年逾古稀仍有風采。(3)aged強調(diào)老齡，通常意味著體弱。e.g.TheWesternworldhasyettorespecttheagedmembersofitssocietyastheJapanesedo.西方世界的人們要像日本人那樣尊重社會的老年成員?？键c3.raftn.筏救生艇，橡皮筏【例句】Thosevillagerscrosstheriverbyusingaraft.村民們乘木筏過河。Thesailorsgotawayfromthewreckedshiponaraft.水手們乘救生筏離開失事的船?！就卣埂縡latraft平筏（排）liferaft救生筏oceanraft海上筏，海上木排考點4.requirev.需要，要求，命令【例句】Mostplantsrequiresunlight.大部分植物需要陽光。Studentsarerequiredtoattendclasses.學生必須按規(guī)定上課?！窘x】needv.需要orderv.命令，要求【拓展】requirementn.需求，要求，必要條件e.g.Ourimmediaterequirementisextrastaff.我們亟需增加工作人員?？键c5.attractv.吸引【例句】Thepandaattractedmanychildren.那只熊貓吸引了不少孩子?！就卣埂縜ttract的形容詞形式是attractive，名詞形式是attraction。e.g.Brightcoloursareattractivetochildren.鮮艷的顏色對兒童有吸引力?？键c6.hangv.懸掛，垂下【例句】Myfatherhungapictureonthewallyesterday.我爸爸昨天在墻上掛了一幅畫?！就卣埂俊居亚樘崾尽縣ang有兩個解釋，一是“懸掛，垂下”，二是“上吊，絞死”。解釋為“懸掛，垂下”時，是不規(guī)則動詞，解釋為“上吊，絞死”時，是規(guī)則動詞。不妨用“規(guī)規(guī)矩矩上吊，亂七八糟掛衣裳”來記憶這個區(qū)別。hang-hung-hung懸掛hang-hanged-hanged上吊，絞死考點7.enablev.使……能夠【例句】Abird’swingsenableittofly.鳥的翅膀使鳥能飛?！境Ｓ么钆洹縠nablesbtodosth使某人有能力做某事e.g.ThisdictionaryenablesyoutounderstandEnglishwords.這本詞典使你能理解英語詞匯?！就卣埂縜bleadj.有能力的unableadj.沒有能力的e.g.YouarebetterabletodoitthanI(am).你比我更有能力做這件事?？键c8.traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的，慣例的【例句】TherearealsopeoplewhocometotakesuchcoursesasChinesetraditionalmedicine,painting,calligraphyandphotography.還有一些人到學校里來是為了學習諸如中醫(yī)、繪畫、書法、攝影等課程?！痉戳x】modernadj.現(xiàn)代的，現(xiàn)代化的，時髦的【拓展】traditionn.傳統(tǒng)，慣例e.g.Bytradition,peopleplaypracticaljokesonApril1st.按照傳統(tǒng)風格，4月1日可以開惡作劇的玩笑?？键c9.skilln.技能，技巧【例句】Shehasgreatskillindrawing.她畫畫很有技巧?！就卣埂縮killfuladj.靈巧的，熟練的e.g.Heisskillfulatinventingexcuses.他很會編造借口?？键c10.modernn.近代的，現(xiàn)代的，現(xiàn)代化的【例句】ThemodernhistoryofItalybeginsin1860,whenthecountrybecameunited.1860年意大利統(tǒng)一。所以意大利的近代史就從這一年開始。【拓展】【近義】up-to-dateadj.最近的，當代的，新式的【反義】ancientadj.遠古的，舊的traditionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的考點11.setoff出發(fā)，動身【例句】Iwantedtosetoffearlyinordertocatchthebus.我想早點出發(fā)去趕車。Hesetsoffearlyinthemorningtocatchthebuseveryday.他每天早上很早出發(fā)以便搭上汽車?！就卣埂縮etoff引起，激起e.g.Panicsetoffacrossthewholecountry.引起全國驚慌?？键c12.beinterestedinsth對……感興趣beinterestedtodosth有興趣地去做某事【例句】Areyouinterestedinhistory?你喜歡歷史嗎？Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道情況會怎樣?！就卣埂俊局更c迷津】interesting,interestedinteresting表示“有趣的”，指人或事物本身是有趣的。而interested表示“感興趣的”，一般指人對某事物、某人感興趣，常用人作主語，可構成固定搭配beinterestedin。【知識拓展】v.-ing型形容詞與v.-ed型形容詞：動詞后加-ing和-ed都可變?yōu)樾稳菰~，但是動詞加-ing形式的形容詞，表示的是“人或事物本身所具有的性質(zhì)”；而動詞加-ed構成的形容詞，表示被動之意，常指“使人……”,主語常為人?？键c13.in50years五十年后【拓展】【指點迷津】in,after,laterin，after，later與時間段連用，都可表示“（一段時間）之后”，其區(qū)別是：(1)“in十一段時間”指“（將來的）一段時間之后”。e.g.Whatwillyoubeinfiveyears?五年之后你做什么？We'llstartoffintenminutes.我們十分鐘后出發(fā)。(2)“after十一段時間”或“一段時間十later"表示“（在過去某個時間看來）一段時間之后”。e.g.Hewenthomeaftertwodays.他兩天后回家了。Threeyearslater,shehadababy.三年后，她生了一個嬰兒。語法精講——被動語態(tài)（一）模塊一模塊一需要使用被動語態(tài)的情況不知道或不必提及動作的執(zhí)行者Thisbridgewasbuiltin1700.這座橋建于1700年。強調(diào)動作的承受者Frankwashitbyacar.弗蘭克被車撞了。說話者希望所說的內(nèi)容更加客觀，避免就自己不太肯定的事表態(tài)ItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.據(jù)說戰(zhàn)后日本的工業(yè)進步非常顯著。模塊模塊二各時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結構被動語態(tài)的基本結構為：bedone請完成表格：（以do為例）一般進行完成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來?Attention?含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must+be+done芝士蛋糕必須得趁冷吃。Cheesecakecold.★小試身手★請用下面括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式填空：Aspeech(give)thisafternoon.Theclassroom(clean)everyday.Someeffectivemeasures(take)sincelastyear.Mymother’sfavoritevase(break)yesterday.Thebook(read)fourtimesbytheendoflastsemester.Anamusementpark(build)inourcitynow.Thetechniciantoldmethatmywatch(repair)in1hour.Theproblem(discuss)thistimeyesterday.Hesaidthathe(invite)totheparty.Thousandsoftrees(plant)inthisareabytheendofthisyear.Theclothesmay(deliver)tothepoorareanextmonth.模塊模塊三主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換陳述句改為被動句Step1:主動語態(tài)的賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語Step2:動詞結構作相應變化（be+過去分詞）Step3:by+主動語態(tài)的主語（可省略）Step4:其他照抄Hewasmakingamodelplane.一般疑問句改為被動句Step1:be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞放句首Step2:主動語態(tài)的賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語Step3:被動結構的其他成分Step4:by+主動語態(tài)的主語（可省略）Step5:其他照抄DidMike’steachergivemuchhomeworkyesterday?特殊疑問句改為被動句Step1:特殊疑問詞不變Step2:be動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞提前Step3:主動語態(tài)的賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語（主動語態(tài)特殊疑問詞作賓語則這步省略）Step4:被動結構的其他成分Step5:by+主動語態(tài)的主語（可省略）Step6:其他照抄WhenwillJackfinishhishomework?WhatdidLinda’sfathermendlastnight?Whatlastnight?★小試身手★請把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍泳洌篒wassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.Cantheboypickupheavyweights?Willyourmotherkissyouonyourweddingdaynextweek?Willonyourweddingdaynextweek?①單詞表序號英文音標詞性中文1/p??l/n.桿子2/?k??m?r?nt/n.鸕鶿3/?eld?l?/adj.4/k?n?tr??l/v.5/rɑ?ft/n.竹排6/??nd??w??t?r/adv.在水下7到達（某數(shù)量、程度等）；至多有8/r??kwa??r/v.9/r?d/n.桿；竿10出發(fā)；動身11/b?m?bu?/n.竹子12/ri?t?/v.13（表示目的）為了，以便14/?sw?l??/v.吞下，咽下15起伏16/b??/v.猛敲；砸17在夜晚18/h??/v.懸掛19/r??mu?v/v.移走；拿開20/rest/n.剩余部分；其余21/tr??d???n?l/adj.傳統(tǒng)的22/sk?l/n.技能23/sk?n/n.皮膚24/?men??n/v.提到25/stre?t/adj.直的26/?s?t?u?e???n/adj.場景27/??m?d??n/v.想象；設想②9AU2詞性轉(zhuǎn)換整理1adj.能干的adj.無能的v.使能夠n.能力2adj.年長的adj.old的比較級adj.年老的3n.魚；魚肉v.釣魚；捕魚n.漁夫，漁民4v.使……害怕adj.受驚嚇的；吃驚的adj.恐怖的5adj.&adv.高的/高高地adv.高度地，非常n.高度6v.移動，搬動，搬家；感動v.移除7adj.很可能的adv.很可能地，大概，或許8n.驚奇，詫異adj.感到驚奇的adj.令人驚訝的9n.傳統(tǒng)adj.傳統(tǒng)的10adj.真的，真實的n.真理，真相，實際情況adv.真地11v.使用adj.有用的adv.有用地adj.無用的adv.無用地12n.西方；西部adj.西方的；向西的adj.西方的ImportantSentencesstructures.1.Althoughheisanelderlyman,heisstrongenoughtocontrolhisraftintheriverwherehelivesandworkswithhiscormorants.(1)enough意為“足夠的，足夠地”：，當用來修飾形容詞或者副詞時，放在形容詞或副詞的后面，當用來修飾名詞時，放在名詞的前面。e.g.I'moldenoughtohandlemyownaffairs.我已經(jīng)長大了，可以處理我自己的事情。(2)wherehelivesandworkswithhiscormorants用來修飾river，其中where是此定語從句的引導詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞的后面，定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，常用的關系代詞有who/whom(指人)，which(指物)，whose(指人或物)，that(指人或物)；關系副詞when(指時間)，where(指地點)，how(方式)，why(原因)等。e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.我是我們辦公室里唯一受到邀請的人。Thisistheplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地方。Thisisthebuildingthatwebuiltlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ晟w的那座樓。2.Theirlargefeetareusedtopushthemquicklythroughthewater.beusedtodosth是used...todosth的被動語態(tài)，可以用于各種時態(tài)，主語往往是物。e.g.Thisknifeisusedtocutpaper.這把刀是用來切紙的?！局R拓展】(1)usedto是個情態(tài)動詞詞組，后接動詞原形，表示“過去常常”，表明現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的過去的習慣動作或狀態(tài)。e.g.MrWilsonusedtosmokealot.威爾遜先生過去常常吸煙。（吸煙的這個習慣現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了。）(2)beusedtodoingsth與beusedtosth中的used是個形容詞，to是介詞，表示“習慣于……”的意思。e.g.MrSmithisusedtolivinginShanghai.史密斯先生已經(jīng)適應了上海的生活。我們也可以說MrSmithisusedtothelifeinShanghai.3.Hetiesapieceofgrassaroundtheneckofeachbird,sothatitcannotswallowthefish.sothat是從屬連詞，引導目的或結果狀語從句。(l)sothat引導目的狀語從句，意為“以便，為了”，從句中通常帶有may，can，might，could等情態(tài)動詞(might,could用于過去時態(tài)的句子)。e.g.Theyaskedthedrivertostopsothattheycouldhavealookatthetiger.他們請司機停下來，以便能看一看那只老虎。Heworkedhardsothathemightfinishhisworkintime.他干得很努力，以便能及時完成工作。I'mgoingtothecinemaearlysothatImaygetagoodseat.我打算早一點去電影院，以便能找到好位子。(2)sothat引導結果狀語從句，意為“以至于，結果”，從句中一般不含情態(tài)動詞(但也可用can，could)。e.g.Hehasbeenbusythesedays,sothathehasnotimetobewithus.這幾天他一直很忙，因此沒有時間和我們在一起。Nothingmorewasheardofhim,sothatpeoplethoughthewasdead.沒有再聽到他的消息，以致人們以為他死了。Hewastired，sothathecouldn’tkeephiseyesopen.他太累了，以致連眼睛也睜不開了?！居亚樘崾尽縮othat引導的是目的狀語從句還是結果狀語從句，不能單純看從句有無情態(tài)動詞，還要根據(jù)上下文去判斷。4.…andtherestaredividedbetweenDamin'sfamilyandthecormorants.therest意為“剩余的東西”，可表示可數(shù)名詞，也可表示不可數(shù)名詞。用于不可數(shù)名詞時，動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass.Twenty-eightareboysandtherestaregirls.(therest指學生，是可數(shù)名詞，動詞用are)Therestofthemilkinthebottlegoesbad.(therest指剩余的牛奶，為不可數(shù)名詞，用動詞goes)5.However,fewyoungpeopleareinterestedindoingthistypeofworkinthemodernworld.few一詞解釋為“很少數(shù)的，幾乎沒有的”，含有否定含義；而afew意為“有些，幾個”，是肯定含義，兩者都用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Therewerefewpeopleinthestreets.街上幾乎沒有人。Hehasafewfriendsinthiscity.他在這個城市里有幾個朋友。與few相對應的是little，與afew相對應的是alittle，但用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。6.Infiftyyears,perhapstherewillbenomorecormorantfishermenintheworld.注意此句中的“50年后”與介詞in連用。另外，此句中還有一個重要句型Therebe…句型，同學們經(jīng)常容易將Therewillbe…誤寫為Therewillhave…e.g.Therewillbeahistorytesttomorrow.明天有一個歷史測試。千萬不要誤寫成Therewillhaveahistorytesttomorrow.PracticePractice一、閱讀單選ContentsAFirefighter’sRole…2IsRescuingAnimalsaFirefighter’sJob?

…6RescuingPeoplefromStrangePlaces…8RescueataCost…10Wrongdoer…12HoaxCalls…14RenamingFirefighter…16WordHelp…18SomethingtoThinkAbout…20AFirefighter’sRoleFirefightersareoftencalledupontodofarmorethanfightfires.Oftentheyarecalledtosavepeopleoranimalsthataretrapped.Whenfirefightersreceiveacall,theyhavetodecidequicklyhowseriousthesituationisandwhatequipmentmightbeneeded,suchasthejawsoflife.Whilesavinglivesisthefirstpriority（優(yōu)先）offirefighters,theydohelpoutiftheycaninmanyotherways.Thesecalloutsattimes,however,mayincludesomeverystrangerescues.1．WhichpartinContentsprobablytellsaboutwhatthecostofrescues?A．StrangeAnimalRescue. B．RescueataCost. C．HoaxCalls. D．RenamingFirefighter.2．Theunderlinedword“trapped”means“________”inthetext.A．inahurry B．infact C．inpeace D．introuble3．Thejawsoflifemaybeis________.A．a(chǎn)kindofsituation B．a(chǎn)book C．a(chǎn)nequipment D．a(chǎn)nimportantcall4．Whatisthefirstpriorityoffirefighters?A．Savinglives. B．Time. C．Rules. D．Savingmoney.FionaMcIntyreisataxidriverinLondon.Shetellsusaboutherworkandsomeofherexperiences.Q:Whendidyoustart?I’vebeenataxidriverforaboutfiveyears.BeforethatIwasabusdriverinLondon,andIenjoyedit,butIwantedmorefreedomsoIchangedandstarteddrivingmytaxi.Q:Haveyoueverhadanyfamouspassengers?Ohyes,I’vehadlotsoffamouspeople.Aboutayearago,areallyfamousactorgotinmytaxi.Itookhimtotheairport.Therewasalotoftrafficjams,sohemissedhisplaneandfailedtomeethisfans.Itwasn’tmyfaultbutwhenhegotoutofthetaxi,heshoutedatmeangrily!Isaidtohim,“Nexttime,takeabus!”Q:Havepassengerseverleftanythinginyourtaxi?Oh,yes!Peoplehaveleftallkindsofthings—umbrellas,hats,mobilephones,ofcourse,evenadogonce.Yearsago,awomanleftapairofshoesontheseat.Andpeoplehaveaskedmetodosomestrangejobs.Onceadoctorstoppedmeoutsideahospitalandaskedmetotakeaskeleton(尸骨)toanotherhospital.Professorsusuallyuseskeletonstoteachmedicalstudents,youknow.AndIdid.ButIaskedhimtopayfirst—theskeletoncouldn’tpay,afterall!Q:Whatdoyouthinkistheworstpartofyourjob?Goodquestion.I’vealwaysenjoyedbeingataxidriverandIdon’twanttochange.Butofcourse,sometimes,it’snotgreat.Idon’tlikedrivingaroundwithoutapassenger,butit’sbetterthanjustwaitingattheairportoratarailwaystation.Ithinkthat’stheworstpart—waiting.5．FionaMcIntyrethinksbeingataxidriveris_______thanbeingabusdriver.A．happier B．freer C．easier D．busier6．Whydidthefamousactormisshisplane?A．BecauseFionadidn’tdrivewell. B．BecauseFionawasn’tverypolite.C．Becausethereweretoomanyfans. D．Becausetherewastoomuchtraffic.7．Passengersleftthefollowingthingsexcept_______onFiona’staxi.A．notebooks B．mobilephones C．hats D．umbrellas8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“him”inFiona’sanswertothethirdquestionreferto?A．Theprofessor. B．Theskeleton. C．Thedoctor. D．Thestudent.二、閱讀回答問題Doyouwanttoliveinthemetaverse（元宇宙）?It’savirtual（虛擬的）world,butyoucanmakefriends,travelandevenbuildhousesthere.However,tomakeitcometrue,manynewjobsmustcomeintobeing.Let’slookatsomenewjobsthatthemetaversebrings.AvatarcreatorWhat’sthefirststepaftergoingintothemetaverse?Itmightbepickinganavatar（虛擬化身）.So,weneedavatarcreators!WangLei,fromXi’an.Shanxi,getspaidtocreateavatars.HecreatesavatarsontheSoulsocialplatform.Whetherit’shair,mouthsoreyes,heworkshardtomakethemlookjustright.Theavatarscancost30,50or70yuan.Theyaresellingfast.Wangcanmake45,000yuanamonth.Thatisthreetimeswhathemadeasacook.VirtualarchitectPeoplecanbuylandandbuildhousesinthemetaverse.Forexample,SingaporeansingerJJLinhasboughtthreepiecesoflandinDecentraland,ametaverseplatform.Thisbringsanothernewjob-virtualarchitect（建筑師）.InNovember2021,QiuZanke,aChinesebusinessman,setupateamtohelpusersbuildhousesinDecentralandandotherplaces.Everyoneontheteamstudiedarchitectureincollege.Theycomeupwithhousedesignsforusers.Besides,theytrytomakethehouseslookdifferentandspecial.Injustamonth,theyfinished12projectsinthemetaverse.9．Canpeoplemakefriendsinthemetaverse?10．HowmuchdidWangLeimakeasacook?11．HowdothemembersonQiuZanke’steamhelpusersinthemetaverse?12．Willyoubuyhousesinthemetaverse?Whyorwhynot?三、短文首字母填空閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母