押湖北統(tǒng)考卷26-30題 閱讀理解之說明文（原卷版）

押湖北統(tǒng)考卷第26-30題閱讀理解之說明文素材特點

①語篇：素材情境真實，且貼近學生的生活，C篇多以青少年的視角來構建文章，容易引起學生產生共鳴；

②文體：閱讀理解C為說明文；

③詞數(shù)：300詞左右：④熟詞生義：根據(jù)素材情況，涉及熟詞生義；

2.設題特點

①設問形式：大部分是疑問句句形式呈現(xiàn)，每年3-5個問答式；

②設題形式：選項多以短語形式呈現(xiàn)、也會以單詞、句子形式呈現(xiàn)，句子多為簡單句。

③微技能：每年設置4種微技能，其中細節(jié)理解（每年1~3道），推理判斷（每年1-2道），主旨大意（每年1-2道），詞義猜測題（每年1-2道）。

命題趨勢

命題評估指出未來命題語篇類型大部分為應用文、記敘文和說明文，每年閱讀理解C篇為說明文。2023年黃石荊門恩施荊州鄂州隨州襄陽文體B說明文說明文說明文說明文說明文說明文說明文話題B科普知識中華文化社會發(fā)展體態(tài)語其他著名人物科普知識教育微技能細節(jié)理解3123211推理判斷122122詞(組)義猜測11111主旨大意111預測：2024年統(tǒng)考省卷C篇是以說明文呈現(xiàn)，設置5道題，主要從細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測和主旨大意設置題干。（一）（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真題）(Niuperformsonthestage)Whentheothermodelsappearedonthestage,theaudience（觀眾）cheeredandclapped.ThenitwasNiu’sturn.Theaudiencesuddenlybecamesilent.However,afterfourorfiveseconds,Niuclearlyheardsomeonenexttothestagesayinadmiration,“Socool!”NiuYu,24,becameashiningstaratShanghaiFashionWeekforherconfidence,eventhoughshewaswearingaprostheticleg.WhenNiuwasonly11,sheunluckilylostherrightlegduringtheWenchuanEarthquake.Niuhaswonlotsofpraise.Thisgivesthosewhohaveprejudice（偏見）againstthedisabledahitonthenose.“Iwastouchedbysomethingtheysaid.Theysaidthetraditionalviewwasthatsportswereforpeoplewithhealthylegs,butsportsshouldbeakindofspirit.EventhoughIhavelostaleg,Istilldeeplylovesportsandwilldosoforever,”Niusaid.Actually,Niufirstdrewthepublic’sattentionwhenshecompletedamarathon—a42.195-kilometerracein2018,whichwasheldinWenchuantomarkthetenthanniversary（周年紀念）oftheearthquake.Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,suchasDouyin.“IfeelIhaveasocialresponsibilitytobridgethedisabledandthepublic.Showingmylifetothepubliccanallowthemtobetterunderstandourgroupandcanalsotellotherdisabledpeoplethatoursocietyismoretolerant（寬容）thantheyimagined,”sheexplained.1．WhatisNiuYunow?A．Asportsstar. B．Asinger. C．Amodel. D．Aphotographer.2．Theaudiencesuddenly________whenNiuYuappearedonthestage.A．cheered B．clapped C．becamesilent D．laughed3．HowoldwasNiuYuwhenshelostherrightleg?A．24yearsold. B．11yearsold. C．10yearsold. D．4yearsold.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“followers”meaninParagraph4?A．Fans. B．Dancers. C．Photos. D．Learners.5．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．NiuYubecameashiningstarforherconfidence.B．NiuYuhasover960,000followersonsocialplatforms.C．NiuYufirstdrewthepublic’sattentioninthemarathonin2018.D．NiuYuthinkssportsareforpeoplewithhealthylegs.（二）（2023年隨州中考真題）Youarealwaystoldtowashyourhandsbeforeyoueat.Youknowyoumustwashyourhandsaftergoingtothebathroom.Youshouldwashyourhandsmanytimesduringtheday.Doyouknowhowtowashyourhandscorrectly?Alwaysusesoaptowashyourhands.Afterturningonthetap(水龍頭)andwettingyourhands,youcanrub(摩擦)yourhandswithsoap.Soapmaynotkillallthegerms(細菌),butitcanwashawaytheoilonyourskin.Astheoiliswashedaway,thegermswillleaveyourhandsandgoaway.Youshouldwashyourhandsfor15-20seconds.Howdoyouknowthelength(長度)of15-20seconds?YoucansingABCSong.Bythetimeyougettothelastnote,yourhandswillbeclean!Rubyourhandstogether.Youcanuseonehandtorubthebackoftheotherhandandthenexchangetwohands.Youalsoneedtorubbetweenyourfingers.Don’tforgettorubunderandaroundyourfingernails.Maybeyourhandsdon’tlookdirty,buttherearegermsonthem.Germsaretoosmallforyoutosee.Theyareonyourhandsallthetime.Manyillnessesarecausedbygerms,soyoushouldoftenwashyourhands.6．WhydoesthewritermentionABCSong?A．Becauseitisthemostpopularsongintheworld.B．Becauseeveryonecansingthissongverywell.C．BecausewashinghandsisaseasyassingingABCSong.D．Becauseyoucansingthissongtoknowthelengthofwashinghands.7．Theunderlinedword“note”inParagraph3means“________”inChinese.A．音符 B．注釋 C．筆記 D．便條8．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．Usingsoaptowashyourhands.B．Usingacleantowel(毛巾)todryyourhands.C．Washingyourhandsforabout20seconds.D．Rubbingunderandaroundyourfingernails.9．Accordingtothepassage,youcanknow________.A．whyyoushouldoftenwashhandsB．whatthebestsoappeopleusuallyuseisC．whatkindofgermsthereareonyourhandsD．howmanygermsthereareonyourhands10．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howtostayhealthy. B．Howtoprotectyourfingers.C．Howtowashhandscorrectly. D．Howtokeepawayfromgerms.（三）（2023年恩施中考真題）Overthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecountrysideofChina.BachaVillageinHeilongjiangProvinceisoneofthem.Thepeopletherehavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthetourism.YouMingfen,a57-year-oldlocalwoman,openedahotelinherowntwo-floorhouse.Herfamilyalsohasafishingboat.Herhusbandcanuseittogetthefreshfish,whichwillbeofferedtotheguestsfromalloverChina.Thefishskinandbonescanalsobemadeintohand-madegifts.Theyareverypopularwiththetourists.“ThebusiesttourismseasoninBachalastsfromMaytoOctober,whichcanbringusmorethan50,000yuanayear,”shesaid,“Inwinter,wecanstayinawarmroomandenjoytheleisuretime.Itwasimpossiblebefore.Atthattime,wealmostdependedonfishingforaliving.”Since2016,thetourismindustryinBachaVillagehasdevelopedrapidly.Lastyear,morethan60,000touristscamehere,andtheincomeforeachpersoninthevillageincreasedto25,600yuan.Now,theroadsarewider,thehousesarebrighterandthelivingconditionsaremorecomfortable.Thankstothegoodpoliciesofthegovernment,villagersgetmorewaystomakemoney.Manyyoungpeoplewhoworkfarawaycomebackandworkintheirownhometown.Theycannotonlycarefortheirfamiliesbutalsobuildtheirhometown.PeopleinChinahaveasenseofhappinessfromthebottomoftheirhearts.11．Accordingtothepassage,peopleinBachahavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthe_________.A．education B．farming C．fishing D．tourism12．InParagraph4,theunderlinedword“income”means________inChinese.A．收入 B．支出 C．價格 D．稅收13．WhichofthefollowingaboutYouMingfenisTRUE?A．Sheis75yearsold. B．Shehasatwo-floorhouse.C．Shehasanicecar. D．Thegiftsmadebyherareexpensive.14．Wecanreadthispassageinthe_________partofthenewspaper.A．sports B．health C．science D．society15．Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat________.A．manyyoungpeoplegotobigcitiesforworkB．ChinesepeoplearelivingahappylifenowC．thegovernmentcarriesoutpoliciestoprotecttheenvironmentD．manyoldpeoplehavetolookaftertheirgrandchildrenathome閱讀說明類文章重在把握被說明事物各因素之間的聯(lián)系，如因果、條件、從屬、并列等；以及說明方法，如定義、例釋、類比等?？忌鷳訌姶祟愇恼碌拈喿x訓練，不斷提高判斷、歸納、分析和解決問題的能力。首先我們平時要多關注科學題材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知識；其次，在閱讀時要注意實驗的目的和結果，不能憑想象和猜測下結論；對于較難理解的句子要利用語法結構去分析；最后，要利用文章特點找準主題句，把握中心，從而一一破解題目。技巧一快速讀題，正確理解題干，定位關鍵詞，帶著問題讀文章。技巧二運用正確的閱讀策略，變速閱讀文章，學會處理文中的冗余信息。技巧三注意特殊語言現(xiàn)象，在含有關鍵詞的句子處標上題號。技巧四注意正確項和干擾項的特征，回到文中確定答案。技巧五合理猜測，推敲生詞的含義。技巧六符合題目要求，對信息進行必要的加工處理。（一）Inschool,wearetoldtodrinkwaterbetweenclasses.Ourparentsaskustobringourwaterbottlestoschoolandwe’reremindedbyexpertsthatwaterisgoodforourskinandhelpscontrolourweight.Buthowmuchshouldweactuallybedrinking?Formanyyears,peoplehavefollowedtheadviceofdrinkingeightglassesofwater,eighttimesaday,knownasthe“8×8rule”.AccordingtoJessicaBrown,thisseemstohavepartlycomefromamisunderstandingofoldadvicethatwaspublishedalmost80yearsago.In1945,astudyadviseddrinkingonemillilitre(毫升)ofliquidforeachcalorie(卡路里)offood.Thisisabouttwolitresofwateraday,oreightglassesperperson.But,Jessicasays,therealityisthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentneeds.Weight,ageandactivitylevelallplayaroleinhowmuchwatersomeoneshoulddrink.Thendoweneedtocontrolhowmuchwaterwedrink?It’snotthatimportant,accordingtoDr.StanleyGoldfarbfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania.Hesaysourbodiesaregoodattellinguswhenweneedwater.Whenwearethirsty,itmeansourbodiesneedmorewater.Ourkidneys(腎臟)helpuskeepthewaterwehave,evenbeforewefeelthirsty.Thereare,ofcourse,benefitstodrinkingwater.Ithelpsourbodiesstayattherighttemperature.Ithelpsuskeepawaybadthingsinourbodies.Ithelpsusdigest(消化)food.Itprotectsourjoints(關節(jié)).So,nexttimeyoufeelthirsty,reachforaglassofwater.Butdon’tworryifyoudon’tdrinkexactlyeightglassesaday.Yourbodyknowswhatitneeds.1．Whatisthe“8×8rule”advicebasedon?A．Astudypublishedin1945.B．Acommonsenseamongthepublic.C．ArecentdiscoverybyJessicaBrown.D．AdvicegivenbyDr.StanleyGoldfarb.2．Whatcaninfluencehowmuchwaterweshoulddrinkaccordingtothepassage?①age②height③weight④activitylevel⑤colorofskinA．①②③ B．②③⑤ C．②③④ D．①③④3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“benefits”inParagraph4mean?A．Methods. B．Degrees. C．Advantages. D．Discoveries.4．Whatdoestheauthoradvisereaderstodowhentheyfeelthirsty?A．Waituntiltheyarenotthirsty. B．Reachforaglassofwater.C．Keepdoingwhattheyaredoing. D．Drinkasmuchwateraspossible.5．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SimpleTipsforDrinkingWater B．TheScienceBehindthe“8×8Rule”C．TheImportanceofDrinkingWater D．TheTruthAboutDrinkingWater（二）Whenwewatchsportsgames,weoftennoticesportsmenwearingearphonesbeforethegame.Theykeeptheireyesshut,andnodalongwiththemusic.Itseemsthemusicisgivingthempowerandcheeringthemupforthegame.Butisthereanysciencebehindsuchpractices?Accordingtoanewresearch,itturnsoutthereis.Musicmakesusfeelpowerful,butnotallsongshavethesameeffect(效果).TheresearchwasledbyanAmericanresearchernamedDennis.Histeamhadpeoplelistento31songsofdifferenttypes.Thelistenersfeltpowerfulafterlisteningtosomesongs,forexample,Queen’sWeWillRockYou.Researchersalsofoundthathigh-powermusicmadepeoplewanttotakecontrolinsocialeventsandcomefirstincompetition.Greatsportsmenknowthisideawell.NBAplayerKobeBryant,forexample,oftenputsonbigheadphonesandevenfallsintodeepthoughttoboosthisgameandhavefewerworries.Whydoesmusichavemagicalpower?Dennis’steamexplained:whenpeoplehearmusicthatexpressesasenseofpower,theymimic(模擬)thesefeelingsintheirmind.Whenchoosingmusic,wealsoneedtolookatthetypeofmusic,accordingtoresearchers.IntheresearchbytheMusicinExerciseandSportGroupatBrunelUniversityinLondon,theyfoundthatpopwasperfectforslowertasks.Ifyou’rewarminguporcoolingdownafterexercise,popsongsarethecorrectchoice.Dancemusicwasfoundtobebestsuitableforstrengthandweighttraining.6．Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttodointhefirstparagraph?A．Tellpeoplemusiccanhelpthemwin.B．Explainwhymusicisimportantbeforegames.C．Describesportsmen’habitsbeforethegamestarts.D．Getreaderstothinkifmusicisimportantinsports.7．WhichofthefollowingmightDennisagreewith?A．Powerfulmusicmakesthegameinteresting.B．Sportsmenshouldlistentomusicbeforegames.C．Peoplefeltpowerfulafterlisteningtosomesongs.D．Theresultofagameismainlyinfluencedbymusic.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”probablymean?A．Lose. B．Improve. C．Control. D．Continue.9．Howdoesthewritermakehispointsclear?A．Bygivingexamples. B．ByusingEnglishsayings.C．Bygivingcommonrules. D．Bycomparingtheresearches.10．Whichisthepropertitleforthetext?A．DifferentKindsofMusic B．ComingFirstinCompetitionC．SomeMeaningfulResearches D．InfluenceofMusicinSports（三）Areyouan“Eperson”oran“Iperson”?Thesetwopersonalitylabels(個性標簽)arewidelydiscussedonline.TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Thereare16resultsintotalofthetest.Usually,an“Iperson”isquiet,whilean“Eperson”isoutgoing.Butan“Iperson”canstillactoutgoingsometimes.Forexample,whenan“Iperson”iswithagroupof“I”friends,theymightwanttochangeandbecomemoresociallikean“Eperson”.Accordingtopsychologists(心理家),thisideaofpersonalitychangingiscalled“masking”(偽裝).Thatishidingyourtruepersonalityincertainsituations.“Humanswanttobewelcomed,andtheymightchangetheirpersonalitieswithinashorttime,”wrotetheMasterClasswebsite.UsingtheMBTIresulttodescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,IrealizedIwasdeeplyinfluencedbytheresultonce.Mysisterwasexcitedlymakingatravelplan.ButIrememberedfromanarticlethata“Pperson”doesn’tliketomakeorfollowplans.SoIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”Sheaskedback.“Becausethepersonalitytesttellsa‘Pperson’doesn’tliketomakeplans!”Atthatmoment,IrealizedI’dtakentheresulttooseriously.TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourself.Anditcanevenbeafunwaytostartaconversationwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallforfun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.Andthoseresultsofyoursdon’tdefine(定義)whoyouare.11．An“Iperson”isusually_______thanan“Eperson”.A．quieter B．morepopularC．moreoutgoing D．moretypical12．Humanschangetheirpersonalitieswithinashorttimeto_______.A．bewelcomed B．makenewfriendsC．beapsychologist D．laughatothers13．Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromParagraph4?A．A“Pperson”doesn’tliketomakeplans.B．Thewriter’ssistermaytakeatripsoon.C．Thewriter’ssisterwasinfluencedbythetestresult.D．It’snotfuntousetheMBTIresulttodescribesomeone.14．Ifyouknowaperson’sMBTIpersonalitytestresult,you_______.A．can’tseeitasafungame B．maystillnotknowthispersonwellC．can’tfindaninterestingwaytocommunicate D．won’tfeelhappytostaywiththisperson15．Wherecanwereadthispassage?A．Inadiary. B．Inanovel. C．Inamagazine. D．Inadictionary.（四）Tomatoesarered,theskyisblue,andbananasareyellow,right?Well,notexactly—colordoesnotreallyexist(存在).Whatexistsislight.Lightisreal,butcolorisnot.Itisourbrainthatcreatescolor.We’retoldtotrustoureyes,butoureyeshavelittletodowithvision(視覺).Weseemuchmorewithourbrains.Yousometimesseedifferentcolorsbecauseyourbrainthinkstheyhaveadifferentmeaning.Thebraindoesthisbylookingatwhat’saroundtheobject.Hereisanexample.Ifyouseeapersonwearingawhiteshirtagainstdifferentbackgrounds,yourbrainmightexpressthesamewhitecolordifferently.Supposethispersonstandsinfrontofabrightyellowbackground,yourbrainmightthinkthewhiteshirtismorelikegray.Ifthepersonmovestoadarkbluebackground,thesamewhiteshirtmightappearclosertoabrightercolor.Coloriscreatedaccordingtoourpastexperiences,andsometimesthereareopticalillusions(視錯覺).Thatisbecauseyourbrainincludestherecenthistoryofwhatyousaw,atleastforabrieftime.Butifyouwatchthethingforalongertime,yourbrainmayforgettherecenthistoryandseetherealcolor.Thisraisesthequestion:DoyouseewhatIsee?Theanswer,inshort,isno.Ourpastandpresentexperiencesaredifferent.Noneofusevenseestheworldasitreallyis,butasameaningthatcomesfromourownexperiences.It’sclearthatseeingisnotalwaysbelieving.16．Whatisrealaccordingtothewriter?A．Color. B．Meaning. C．Mind. D．Light.17．WhydoesthewritergiveanexampleinParagraph2?A．Toshowaproblem. B．Tosupporttheidea.C．Tomakeacomparison. D．Tomakethetextlonger.18．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Whiteisthelightestcolor. B．Colorischangingallthetime.C．Colorcomesfromourpastexperiences. D．Colorisinfluencedbythebackgroundofanobject.19．Whichwordisclosetotheunderlinedword“brief”?A．Short. B．Quick. C．Simple. D．Hard.20．Whichcanbeapropertitleforthetext?A．IsColoraRecentHistory? B．DoYouSeeWhatISee?C．IsSeeingReallyBelieving? D．DoesColorStaytheSame?（五）Chinaisoneofthebiggestteaproductioncountriesintheworld.Teahasahistoryof5,000yearsinChina.ItissaidShenNongwasgoodatfarmingandhediscoveredteabyaccident.AnancientroadmakesteapopulararoundChina.ItistheAncientTeaHorseRoad.TheAncientTeaHorseRoadcandatebacktotheHanDynasty.ItthencontinueddevelopingintheTang,Song,Yuan,MingandQingdynasties.Thereweretwomainroads.OnebeganinSichuanprovince.TheotherbeganinYunnanprovince.EachoneendedinTibet(西藏).PeopleinTibethaveateahistoryofabout1,000years.TheweatherinTibetisdryandcold.Peoplethereneedtoeatalotandkeepwarm.Teacanhelpthemdigest(消化).Butteacan’tgrowinTibet.Theyusedtoselltheirhorsesfortea.SoteaandhorsesweretradedthroughtheAncientTeaHorseRoad.Inthepast,horsescarriedbagsofteafromYunnantoTibet.Thetriptookmorethantwomonths.InSichuan,theroadwasverydifficultforhorses.Soonlypeoplecarriedbagsoftea.Andeachyoungworkercarried15bagsoftea.Eachbagweighed10kg.TheAncientTeaHorseRoadnotonlyservedasatradingroad,butalsoabridgeconnectingdifferentnationalities(民族)—suchasHanandTibetanpeople.21．ShenNongwasgoodat________.A．teamaking B．farming C．carrying D．trading22．WhencantheAncientTeaHorseRoaddatebackto?A．TheYuanDynasty. B．TheQingDynasty.C．TheHanDynasty. D．TheTangDynasty.23．Twomainroadsbothendedin________.A．Yunnan B．Guizhou C．Sichuan D．Tibet24．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．DifferentkindsofteaweregrowninTibet.B．Bothteaandhorsesweretradedthroughtheroad.C．HorseswereusedinYunnanandSichuantocarrytea.D．ThetripfromSichuantoTibettookovertwomonthsinthepast.25．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．DifferentNationalitiesinChina B．HorseTradinginTibetC．TheAncientTeaHorseRoad D．ChineseTeaProduction（六）Didyouknowthatwhenyousurftheweb,websitesinsomecountriesputsecretsoftware(軟件)onyourcomputer?ThesoftwarecollectsinformationaboutyouandsendsittoInternetcompanies.TheInternetcompaniessellittootherbusinesses.Yourpersonalinformationcanalsobeassembledfromsocialmedia.Therearemanywaysyourinformationcanbeused.First,companiescollectyourinformationandrecordallyouronlinehabits.Theyfindoutwhereyouliveandwhatyoudoonline.Withtheinformation,theycanguessotherthingsaboutyou.Fore