定語從句講解與練習

學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載定語從句定語從句與引導詞定語從句是在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，而引導定語從句的詞叫引導詞，有關系代詞和關系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導詞是學好定語從句的關鍵。關系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語，whose作定語。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.(who代人，在定語從句中作主語)Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.(whom,who,that代人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略)Imnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.(that代人，在定從中作表語)Adictionaryisausefulbookwhich(＝that)tellsusthemeaningofwords(which或that代物，在定從中作主語)關系副詞有：when(指時間)，where(指地點),why(指原因)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Wouldyousuggestatime(when)wecanhaveatalk?(when可省略)Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge./Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導定從，不是表地點的先行詞都用where引導定從。例如：Wellvisitthefactorywhich(＝that)makesradios.(which或that在定從中作主語，where不可用主語，故不可用)Theystillrememberthehappydays(which/that)theyspentinBeidaihe.(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語，when不可作賓語，故不可用)二、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號分開，修飾主句中的某一個名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；非限制性定語從句常用逗號和主句隔開，可以修飾主句中的某一個詞，也可修飾整個句子。非限制性定語從句不能用that引導，引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞不能省略。非限制性定語從句例：LiPingsfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.(which指代主句內容，因前后兩句是因果關系，此時which不可換為as。)Heisgoodatphysics,asisknowntousall.＝Asisknowntousall,heisgoodatphysics.(as指代主句內容，在asisknown/believed,asweallknow/believe這類結構中as不可換為which)只用that引導和不用that引導的場合只用that引導和不用that引導的場合當先行詞既包括人又包括物時：Hetalkedaboutthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.指物的先行詞被any,every,only,very,all,no等修飾時：Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme./ThatstheonlywatchthatIlikemost.指物的先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時：Thefirststepthatwearetotakeisverydifficult./Thisisthesecondcardthathegaveme.先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時：Thereisstillmuchthatcanbedoneaboutit./Haveyougoteverythingthatyouneed?先行詞是who時：Whothathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?不用that的場合如下：1）非限制性定語從句中Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.2）介詞放在關系代詞之前時ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews3）句中出現了that，或先行詞是that時IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.四、“介詞＋關系代詞”用法介詞的確定應依據定語從句中短語的習慣性搭配，例如：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(shakehandswith…是習慣性搭配)介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)當關系代詞作“動詞＋介詞”固定短語的賓語時，此時因定短語中的介詞不能拆開移到關系代詞前。例如：Thisisthewatchwhichyourelookingfor./Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.五、幾個名詞后的引導詞situation后常用where,inwhich引導定語從句：Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?way(方式，方法)后常用inwhich或that或how引導定語從句，也可省略：Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that/how)heworkedouttheproblem?“thesame＋名詞”，“such＋名詞”，“as＋名詞”后通常用as引導定語從句。例如：Ihavethesamedictionaryasyou(have)./Suchabookasyouboughtisnotworthbuying.定語從句考點分析Thebestwork______Luxunwroteand______Ihavereadhasbeenmadeintoafilm.A.which;thatB.that;×C.×;thatD.×;×析：如果兩個定語從句并列，關系代詞作賓語時前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故應選C。Itwasin1969______twoAmericansgottothemoonbyspaceship.Itwas1969______twoAmeriansgottothemoonbyspaceship.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.×析：第一句是強調時間in1969,強調結構是“Itwas＋強調部分＋that句”，故應選C。第二句It是表時間的，先行詞1969在從句中作狀語，故選A。Isthisthehouse______Shakespearewasborn?A.atwhichB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhere析：觀察題目，空白處只有填inwhich或where才能表達“這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？”這一意思，故答案為C。Isthishouse______Shakespearewasborn?A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich析：將此句變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌籘hishouseis______Shakespearewasborn.顯然is后是一表語從句，只有選where(＝theplacewhere)才能表達“這是莎士比亞的出生地”這一意思，故答案為A。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.towhomB.ofwhomC.fromwhomD.that析：“介詞＋關系代詞”要考慮短語搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語turnto有關，故應選A。Thetwothings______theyfeltveryproudwereJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.A．aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich析：涉及be/feelproudof短語，故答案為B。Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason______mayexplainhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.forwhichD.what析：此題易誤選A、C，因為先行詞是thereason,但細觀察分析，定語從句缺少主語，所以答案是B。注意what不能引導定語從句。Farmingisdifficult______thereisnorain.A.whereB.inplaceC.thatD.theplacewhere析：因為difficult是形容詞，故其后不是定語從句。這兒的空白處應填引導狀語從句where(＝intheplacewhere),全句表達“在沒有雨水的地方耕種困難”。這一意思，可見答案為A。Weneedthesamemachine______inyourfactory.A.whichisbeingusedB.asisbeingusedC.thatisbeingusedD.asitisbeingused析：根據“thesame＋先行詞”后跟as引導定語從句的原則，可知答案為B。10．______thepeople,notthings______aremostimportant.A.Thereare;whoB.Thoseare;thatC.Itis;thatD.Itwas;who析：仔細觀察分析題目，可知只有C構成強調句才有成立。當我們要檢驗視其為強調句的判斷是否正確時，只要將“Itis(或was)…that”這三個詞去掉，剩下部分讀起來正確無誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯誤的。此題如不填“Itis…that”三詞，句子是Thepeople,notthingsaremostimportant.語義完整正確，說明選C是對的。模擬練習Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whoseSheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿＿＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7．Hewashidingbehindthedoor_________hecouldseewhatwashappening.A.whichB.fromwhereCfromwhichD.where8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which12.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh. A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom19.GeorgeOrwell,_______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealname B.whathisrealnameC.hisrealname D.whoserealname高考真題1.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.(NMET2004-2)

A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that

2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.(NMET2004-3)

A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich

3.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.(NMET2004-4)A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich4.GeorgeOrwell,_______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(Beijing2004)A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname5.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(Beijing2004)

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

6.Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(Zhejiang2004)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which7.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.(Beijing2004spring)A.it B.thatC.this D.which8.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.（Shanghai2005）A.that B.which C.when D.where9.______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(Jiangshu2004)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As10.Iworkinabusiness_________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(Hunan2004) A.howB.which C.whereD.that11.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(Jiangshu2005)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich12.Iwalkedinourgarden,______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（Liaoning2005） A．which B．when C．where D．that13.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.(Hubei2004) A．theway B．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich14.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.(Liaoning2004) A．ofwhich B．whichofC．ofthem D．ofthat15.Thefilmbroughtbackthehourstome_____Iwastakengo