高考英語培優(yōu)增分一輪人教經(jīng)典版培優(yōu)講義必修12Unit2　Englisharoundtheworld

話題素材——語言和文化[話題詞匯]1．mastervt.掌握2.consultvt.咨詢；商量；查閱3．mandv.&n.命令；指令4.standardn.標準5．usagen.使用；用法6．form_the_habit_of_reading養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣7．step_by_step逐步地；一步步地8．havea_good_knowledge/mand_ofEnglish通曉英語9．workhard_atEnglish努力學(xué)習(xí)英語10．havedifficulty/trouble_indoingsth.在……方面有困難11．makefulluseof充分利用12．givesb.someadviceonhowtolearnEnglish給某人一些關(guān)于如何學(xué)英語的建議13．bear/keepsth.inmind記住……14．enlargeone'svocabulary擴大某人的詞匯量15．improvewritingskills提高寫作能力[經(jīng)典佳句]1．Learning_English_welldependsonreadingwidelyandlargely.學(xué)好英語取決于大量地、廣泛地閱讀。2．Withtheconstantdevelopmentofthesociety,Englishhasplayed_a_more_and_more_important_part_inourdailylife.隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，英語在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪衅鸬皆絹碓街匾淖饔谩?．There_areseveraltipsonhow_to_learnEnglishwell.Firstly,youshouldspare_no_effort_to_readEnglishnews,whichcanhelpyouincreaseyourinterestinEnglish.有幾條如何學(xué)好英語的建議。首先，你應(yīng)當不遺余力地閱讀英語新聞，這有助于提高你對英語的興趣。精美語篇DearJason，I'mLiHua.I'mwritingtoaskyoutodomeafavor.It'saboutanEnglishspeechcontestwiththetitleAnUnforgettableExperienceinHighSchool,whichI'mgoingtotakepartinthisSaturday.I'vefinishedmydraft,butIfinditstillfarfromsatisfactory.I'mnotsureoftheusageofsomewords.Theremayalsobesomemistakesingrammarandsentencestructures.Wouldyoubesokindtosparesometimetocheckthemoutandimprovemyarticle?Ifit'sconvenientforyou,pleasesenditbackbyThursdayafternoon.I'dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeyourguidance.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua◆高頻單詞1．official(adj.)官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的→office(n.)辦公室→officer(n.)軍官；警察2．voyage(n.)航海；航行→voyager(n.)航行者；遠行者3．native(adj.)本國的；本地的(n.)本地人；本國人4．a(chǎn)ctually(adv.)實際上；事實上→actual(adj.)真實的；實際的5．base(vt.)以……為根據(jù)(n.)基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)→basic(adj.)基本的；基礎(chǔ)的→basis(n.)基礎(chǔ)；基本原則6．gradual(adj.)逐漸的；逐步的→gradually(adv.)逐漸地；逐步地7．vocabulary(n.)詞匯；詞匯量；詞表8．spelling(n.)拼寫；拼法→spell(v.)拼寫9．latter(adj.)較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→latest(adj.)最新的；最近的→later(adv.)后來(adj.)后來的→lately(adv.)近來；最近→late(adj.)晚的(adv.)遲地10．fluent(adj.)流利的；流暢的→fluently(adv.)流利地；流暢地11．frequent(adj.)頻繁的；常見的→frequently(adv.)常常；頻繁地→frequency(n.)頻率12．usage(n.)使用；用法；詞語慣用法→use(vt.)使用(n.)用途→useful(adj.)有用的→useless(adj.)無用的13．mand(n.&vt.)命令；指令；掌握→mander(n.)負責(zé)人；(尤指)司令官；指揮官14．request(n.&vt.)請求；要求15．expression(n.)詞語；表示；表達→express(vt.)表達(n.)快車；快遞16．recognize(vt.)辨認出；承認；公認→recognition(n.)識別；承認；認出17．straight(adv.)直接；挺直(adj.)直的；筆直的；正直的◆重點短語1．morethan超過；非常；不只是；不僅是2．becauseof因為；由于3．even_if即使4．e_up走近；上來；提出5．bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)6．a(chǎn)tpresent現(xiàn)在；目前7．makeuseof利用；使用8．a(chǎn)numberof若干；許多9．suchas例如……；像這種的10．believeitornot信不信由你11．playapart(in)扮演一個角色；參與◆熱點句型1．evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當于eventhough，意為“即使；盡管”NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereven_if_they_don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English(即使他們所講的英語不盡相同)．(教材P10)2．more...than...“與其說……倒不如說……”Itwasbasedmore_on_German(更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ))thantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.(教材P10)3．itis/was＋adj.(＋forsb.)＋todosth.“(對某人來說)做某事是……”It_is_not_easy(是不容易的)foraChinesepersonto_speak(說)EnglishaswellasanativeEnglishspeaker.(教材P11)4．“nosuch＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”意為“沒有這樣的……”Believeitornot,thereisno_such_thing_as_standard_English(沒有像標準英語這樣的東西)．(教材P13)5．This/Thatisbecause...“這/那是因為……”This_is_because(這是因為)intheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.(教材P13)6．theway作先行詞后接定語從句，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作方式狀語時，關(guān)系詞可以為：that,inwhich或關(guān)系詞可省略However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthe_way_people_speak(人們說話的方式).(教材P13)◆同步訓(xùn)練在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages(conquer)otherpartsoftheworldandbecause________that,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.答案：toconquer;of2．________(actual)alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandmunicateeachother.答案：Actually;with3．Thenumberofpeople(learn)EnglishinChina________(be)increasingrapidly.答案：learning;is4．fact,Chinamayhave________largestnumberofEnglishlearners.答案：In;the5．ManypeoplebelievetheEnglish(speak)onTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.答案：spoken6．Somepeople________liveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeak________anolderkindofEnglishdialect.答案：who/that;with7．TheUSAisalargecountry________manydifferentdialectsarespoken.答案：where/inwhich8．Shetoldustogoaroundthecorner________theleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwo________(block)．答案：on;blocks1basevt.以……為根據(jù)n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)教材原句ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.(P10)當時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語不是。(1)base...on/upon...根據(jù)……；以……為基礎(chǔ)(sth.)bebasedon/upon(某物)以……為基礎(chǔ)atthebaseof...以……為基礎(chǔ)；在……底部(2)basisn.基礎(chǔ)；基本原則onthebasisof/that...根據(jù)……；在……基礎(chǔ)上(3)basicadj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的bebasicto...是……的基礎(chǔ)在“base...on/upon...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，base是及物動詞，base后要跟賓語，否則要用被動形式“bebasedon/upon”形式。①Kleindorfer'sfindingsare_based_onsimilaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.克林多佛爾的發(fā)現(xiàn)是以鳥媽媽與小鳥叫聲的相似之處為依據(jù)的。②Basing_an_important_decisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.更多地依靠感性而不是理性去做一個重要的決定，你遲早會后悔的。③Somemovieshavebeenbannedon_the_basis_thattheyaretooviolent.有些影片因暴力鏡頭過多而被查禁。④Drumsare_basic_toAfricanmusic.鼓是非洲音樂的基本樂器。2mandn．[C]命令；指令[U]掌握vt.命令；指揮；支配教材原句CanyoufindthefollowingmandandrequestfromReading？(P12)你能從閱讀中找出下面的命令和要求嗎？(1)atone'smand聽從某人的支配underone'smand由某人指揮；由某人統(tǒng)帥takemandof控制；擔(dān)任……的指揮(be)inmandof指揮；控制haveagoodmandof很好地掌握；精通(2)mandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事mandthat...命令……(3)mandern.負責(zé)人；(尤指)司令官；指揮官mand所接賓語從句的謂語動詞用“(should＋)do”形式，能這樣使用的動詞可用以下口訣來記憶：一堅持：insist二命令：order,mand三建議：advise,suggest,remend四要求：require,request,demand,desire①I'matyourmand—whatwouldyoulikemetodo?我聽從你的吩咐——你要我做什么？②Thepolicearrivedandtook_mand_ofthesituation.警察到達后就控制了局勢。③Applicantswillbeexpectedtohave_a_good_mand_ofEnglish.申請人被期望精通英語。④Thebossmandedhimto_finishsomeimportantwork,butHenryforgothismand.→Thebossmandedthathe_(should)_finishsomeimportantwork,butHenryforgothismand.老板命令他完成一些重要的工作，但亨利卻忘了他的命令。3requestn．&vt.請求；要求教材原句InEnglishyouuseamandorarequestwhenyouwantsomeonetodosomething.(P12)在英語中，當你想讓別人做事時，你可以使用命令或請求的方式。(1)requestsb.todosth.請求某人做某事requestthatsb.(should)dosth.請求某人做某事Itisrequestedthat...根據(jù)要求……(2)makearequest/requestsfor...請求/要求……atone'srequest＝attherequestofsb.應(yīng)某人的要求①MyparentsrequestedthatI_should_learnasecondforeignlanguage.→Myparentsrequestedme_to_learnasecondforeignlanguage.父母要求我再學(xué)一門外語。②It_is_requestedthatallthevisitorsshouldnottakepicturesoftheexhibitions.根據(jù)要求所有的參觀者不該對展品進行拍照。③Theymade_a_request_forfurtheraid.他們要求再給一些援助。④She'scuttingdownthenovelatthepublisher'srequest/attherequestofthepublisher.她按出版商的要求對小說進行刪節(jié)。4recognizevt.辨認出；承認；公認教材原句AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother'sdialects.(P13)雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常搬遷，但他們還是能識別和理解彼此的方言。(1)recognizeone'svoice聽出某人的聲音recognize...as/tobe...承認……是……berecognizedas...被公認為/承認是……Itisrecognizedthat...人們公認……(2)recognitionn.認出；認識outof/beyond(all)recognition認不出來①UNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDaytorecognizethevalueofjazz.聯(lián)合國教科文組織將4月30日設(shè)立為國際爵士樂日是為了認可爵士樂的價值。②Thebookisnowrecognized_asaclassic.這本書現(xiàn)在是一部公認的經(jīng)典著作。③It's_recognized_thatenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeoneofthemostseriousproblemsthatpeopleface.人們一致認為環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成為人們面臨的最嚴重的問題之一。④Thetownhaschangedbeyond_recognitionsinceIwaslasthere.自從我上次離開這里以來，這座城鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)變得讓人認不出來了。[易混辨析]recognize強調(diào)通過對記憶的搜索，辨認出原來熟悉的人、物、聲音、方位等，常指經(jīng)過一段時間的間隔后又重新認出來know“知道，認識”，指相互間十分熟悉、十分了解realize“意識到”，強調(diào)在經(jīng)過一個過程后的完全了解。強調(diào)了解本質(zhì)、明白事理。它還有“實現(xiàn)(夢想)”的意思⑤用recognize,know,realize的適當形式填空a．IknewBobtenyearsago,buthehaschangedsomuchthatIcanhardlyrecognizehimatpresent.b．Noneofusrealizedthedangerwewerein.c．MoYanisuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestauthorsofourtime.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Withasinkingfeeling,herealizedthathe________(actual)enjoyeddoingit.答案：actually此處副詞actually修飾動詞enjoyed作狀語。句意：他有種不祥的預(yù)感，意識到自己實際上喜歡做這事。2．Withourknowledge(base)onpractice,wecanmakegreatcontributionstoourcountry.答案：based此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。base與knowledge之間為被動關(guān)系，故填based。3．Accordingtotherulesofthehotel,guests________(request)tovacate(騰出)theirroomsbynoononthedayofdeparture.答案：arerequestedrequestsb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”。此處是該結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)。4．Themanagermandedthatmeasures________(take)immediatelytocorrectallthemistakesmadeinmarketing.答案：(should)betakenmand后跟賓語從句時，從句中的謂語應(yīng)用(should)do，又因為measures與take之間為被動關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，填(should)betaken。5．Lawrence'snovelwaseventuallyrecognized________aworkofgenius.答案：asberecognizedas...“被公認為……”。句意：勞倫斯的小說終于被認為是天才之作。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．WewroteourfirstofficiallyreportfortheGovernmentin1996._______________________________________________________答案：officially→official2．Asisknowntoalllanguagelearners,newlylearntwordswillsoonbeforgottenunlessfrequentusedineverydaymunication._______________________________________________________答案：frequent→frequently3．paredwiththeformeropinion,Iagreedwiththelateropinion._______________________________________________________答案：later→latter4．Theplotsofthestorygradualdevelopedinmymind._______________________________________________________答案：gradual→gradually5．TherewasaexpressionofhorroronherfacewhenIsawher._______________________________________________________答案：a→anbecauseof因為；由于教材原句Laterinthenextcentury，peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat，Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.P9隨后在接下來的一個世紀，英國人開始航海征服世界的其他地區(qū)。正因如此，許多別的國家開始說英語了。owingto由于thanksto由于；幸虧asaresultof由于asaconsequence(ofsth.)因此；因為(某事)onaccountof由于inviewof由于；因為dueto由于；因為(1)becauseof介詞短語，后面接名詞、代詞或動名詞。(2)because從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。①However,theseplanswereabandonedbecause_offinancialproblems.然而，由于資金問題，這些計劃被放棄了。②Ididitbecausehetoldmeto.因為他吩咐我才做的。③Manyobesechildrenarebulliedon_account_oftheirweight.許多肥胖兒童因為其體重問題在學(xué)校受到欺負。④Twohundredpeoplelosttheirjobsas_a_consequence/result_ofthemerger.合并一事直接導(dǎo)致二百人失去了工作。eup走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；太陽、月亮等升起教材原句I'dliketoeuptoyourapartment.(P10)我很愿意到你家里來。eupwith想出；提出；找到；產(chǎn)生eabout發(fā)生eacross穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)eon(風(fēng)、雨等)到來；(演員)出場；趕快；得了吧；加油eout出版；出來；出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是eto蘇醒；總計；達到；談到whenitesto...當提到……etooneself恢復(fù)常態(tài)；蘇醒(1)主語(物)＋eup，指“(計劃、建議、議題等)被提出；出現(xiàn)；產(chǎn)生”。(2)主語(人或團體組織)＋eupwithsth.，指“(某人/團體組織)提出某事(想法、計劃等)”。①Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearsing_up_withaplantoreintroducethewolves.政府花了將近30年才想出了重新引進狼的計劃。②Howdidite_aboutthatyouwerelateforhalfanhour?你遲到了半小時是怎么回事呢？③Whenit_es_tohowtospeakfluentMandarin,Isuggestthatyoulearnabunchofpronunciationrulesfirst.當談到如何說一口流利的普通話時，我建議你先學(xué)學(xué)基本的發(fā)音規(guī)則。④寫出下列句中eup的含義a．Anoldladycameuptomeandaskedfordirections.走近b．Assoonastheprojectcameupatthemeeting,itattractedmanypeople'sattention.被提出c．Whenthemooncameup,theyoungpeoplebegantheircelebration.升起d．—Alvin,areyouingwithus?—I'dloveto,butsomethingunexpectedhaseup.發(fā)生eupmakeuseof利用；使用教材原句Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.P10,因此到17世紀，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。(1)makefull/gooduseof充分利用makethebest/mostof充分利用take(full)advantageof(充分)利用(2)eintouse開始被使用beofgreatuse很有用的(＝beveryuseful)Itisnousedoingsth.做某事是沒用的putsth.to(good)use(有效)使用/利用某物對于makeuseof這個短語，除了熟練掌握它的含義外，還應(yīng)注意以下兩點：(1)把use提前，使用被動語態(tài)。(2)把use提前用作先行詞，其后接定語從句。①Peopleshouldmake_full_use_oftheirtimetodosomethingmeaningful.人們應(yīng)該充分利用時間去做有意義的事情。②Lastbutnotleast,it'severyone'sresponsibilitytomake_the_most/best_ofwater.最后但同等重要的是，充分利用水資源是每個人的義務(wù)和責(zé)任。③It_is_no_usetryingtopersuadehimtohaveaholidaybecauseheisaworkaholic.因為他是一個工作狂，試圖說服他休假根本無用。④She'llbeabletoputherlanguagesto_good_useinhernewjob.她在新工作中應(yīng)該可以好好運用她會的各種語言。⑤Weshouldthinkofwhat_usecanbe_made_ofsuchmaterial.我們應(yīng)該考慮怎么用這種材料。Ⅰ.選詞填空makeuseof；eupwith；becauseof；playamajorpartin；suchas；atpresent1．InordertoexpandmyknowledgeofTianjin,________itshistory,traditionandfood,IspendeverysparemomentIhaveinthelibrary.答案：suchas2．Youcannotchoosewhatyouaregiven,butyoucanchoosehowyou________it.答案：makeuseof3．Itiscertainthatthequestionwill________atthemeeting.答案：eup4．Thereisnoway________ofpredictingwhatthelong-termeffectsoftheexplosionofTianjinwillbe.答案：atpresent5．Wesaidnothingaboutit,________hiswife'sbeingthere.答案：becauseof6．E-mail,aswellasthetelephone,ourdailymunication.答案：playsamajorpartinⅡ.完成句子1．____________applicantshasswollentomorethan200.申請人的數(shù)目已增至200多人。答案：Thenumberof2．Forsometeachers,halfoftheirrating______________howwelltheirstudentsdo.對一些教師來說，一半的評級是基于他們學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)。答案：isbasedon3．________shedoesn'tlikewhathedid,sheisnotgoingtobreakupwithhim.她雖然對他所做之事不滿，但現(xiàn)在還不想和他分手。答案：Evenif4．Manyspeciesareindangerofextinction__________ourdestructionoftheirnaturalhabitat.許多物種由于我們破壞了它們的自然棲息地而面臨滅絕的危險。答案：becauseofNativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereven_iftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.(P10)以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以相互理解。(1)evenif/eventhough通常引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“即使；盡管”，所引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。在主、從句主語相同且從句中含有be時，也可采用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)evenso“即使如此；盡管這樣”。①Ilikeher,even_though/even_ifshecanbeannoyingattimes.盡管她有時可能很煩人，我還是喜歡她。②Hewillnotattendthepartyevenif/eventhough(heis)invited.即使他被邀請，他也不會參加那個晚會。③It'sraining.Evenso,wemustsetoff.天在下雨。盡管如此，我們還是要出發(fā)。ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.P10,當時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語不是。(1)morethan＋數(shù)詞或從句超過……morethan＋形容詞非?！璵orethan＋名詞不只是；不僅是……more...than...與其說……，倒不如說……(2)nomorethan只不過；僅僅notmorethan不超過；至多ratherthan而不是otherthan除了①Thewriterismoreinnamethaninreality.這個作家名不副實。②Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptono_more_thanoneyear.他所受的全部學(xué)校教育加起來只有一年。③Itisyourather_thanhethataretoblamefortheterribleaccident.是你而不是他因這次可怕的事故應(yīng)受責(zé)備。④寫出下列句中morethan的含義a．Formanypeople,fishingismorethanasport;itisanart.不僅是b．Sheisakindgirlandmorethanwillingtohelpothers.非常c．Italsobenefitsthoseuserswhohavemorethanonetasktoperform.超過；多于Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.P13信不信由你，世界上沒有什么標準英語可言。(1)such與a/an連用時，要放在a/an的前面；與all,no,some,any,few,little,many,much,several,one等詞連用時，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。(2)sucheq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞))＋that...如此……以至于……(3)such...as...像……這樣的……。比較下列句子，注意連接詞的作用。①Thisissuchadifficultproblemasallofuscan'tworkout.(as引導(dǎo)定語從句)②Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatallofuscan'tworkitout.(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)①Everythingeswithaprice;thereisno_such_thing_asafreelunchintheworld.任何事情都是要付出代價的，在這個世界上并沒有什么免費的午餐。②LucywasadmittedtoPekingUniversity,whileIhadnosuchluck.露西被北京大學(xué)錄取了，而我卻沒有這樣的運氣。③Hewassucharesponsibleteacherthatwewerealldeeplymoved.他是一位如此負責(zé)任的老師，以至于我們都被深深地感動了。④Suchabookasyoushowmeisdifficulttounderstand.像你給我展示的這樣的書是很難理解的。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Evenif(receive)visitors,patientsmustobservenormalhospitalrules.答案：receivingevenif所引導(dǎo)的從句主語與主句主語相同且從句中含有be動詞的某種形式，應(yīng)采用省略結(jié)構(gòu)，此處省略了theyare。故填receiving。2．Shewasmoresad________angrywhenhersonliedtoher.答案：thanmoreAthanB“與其說是B倒不如說是A”。3．ThebookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishbeginnerscanunderstandit.答案：thatsuch...that...“如此……以至于……”。從句中有賓語和主語，故不是as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。4．Suchadvice________hewasgivenhasprovedalmostworthless.答案：assuch...as...“像……這樣的……”，as在此引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞advice，且在從句中作賓語。5．Iwasmorethan________(surprise)toseehimbehindme.答案：surprisedmorethan與形容詞連用表示“很，非常”，morethansurprised表示“很/非常吃驚”。Ⅱ.完成句子1．Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimewithhisson.他很忙，即使他想抽出足夠的時間陪陪兒子也做不到。答案：evenifhewantsto2．It's____________amisunderstanding.這只是個誤會。答案：nomorethan3．Thereis__________________failure.Failureisjustlifetryingtomoveusinanotherdirection.世上沒有失敗，失敗只不過是生活試圖將我們推向另一個方向罷了。答案：nosuchthingas直接引語和間接引語(Ⅱ)當我們轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時，通常將原句中的動詞變?yōu)閹o的動詞不定式，并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式的前面加上ask,order,tell等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。表示邀請、請求某人做某事時用ask/beg/requestsb.todosth.①Shesaidtous,“Pleasehavearest.”→Sheaskedustohavearest.她要求我們休息一下。表示告訴、吩咐、命令某人做某事時用tell/order/mandsb.todosth.②Theoldmansaidtome,“Don'tsmokeinthehall.”→Theoldmantoldmenottosmokeinthehall.這個老人告訴我不要在廳內(nèi)吸煙。表示忠告某人(不)做某事，用advisesb.(not)todosth.③Theofficersaidtous,“Goaway.”→Theofficeradvisedustogoaway.這個官員建議我們離開。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Sheasked________Iwouldbefreethenextdayornot.答案：whether由句意和ornot可知，應(yīng)填whether，表示“是否”。2．Theteacheradvisedusnot________(be)lateforthemeeting.答案：tobeadvisesb.(not)todosth.“建議某人(不)做某事”。3．Themanderorderedhismen________(cross)theriverbeforedawn.答案：tocrossordersb.todosth.“命令某人做某事”。4．Mothertoldme________(go)backbefore10：00.答案：togotellsb.todosth.“告訴某人做某事”。Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．“Gooveryourtestpaperscarefullybeforehandingthemin.”theteachersaid.→Theteacher____________overourtestpaperscarefullybeforehandingthemin.答案：askedustogo2．TomsaidtoMary,“Don'tleaveyourkeysonthetable.”→TomaskedMary____________keysonthetable.答案：nottoleaveher3．“StaywhereyouareanddowhatIsay.”Hemanded.→Hemanded____________wherewewereanddidwhathesaid.答案：ustostayⅠ.閱讀理解AAnewAfricanlanguageishelpingtoreducetensionsandbringyoungpeopletogetherinareaspreviouslytornapartbytribal(部落)violence.Andacademicsaresoimpressedbythelanguage'spotentialthatasocialmediaplatformpromotingitwillformthesubjectofamajorpresentationatthisyear'seLearningAfrica,thecontinent'sleadingconferenceontechnology-assistedlearning,traininganddevelopment.Thelanguage,Sheng,binesKiswahili,EnglishandanumberofKenyantribalwords,alongwithalittleofArabic,Hindu,French,German,SpanishandItalian.ItwasbornonthestreetsofNairobi,insomeoftheareashardesthitbythepost-electionviolencein2007-2008.NowasocietyinKenya.GoSheng,ishelpingtocelebrateandpromotethelanguage,whichisalmostgenerallyusedbyyoungpeoplesomuchthatithasbeethefirstlanguageofmanyyoungKenyansinurbanareas.Thesocietyprovidesaplatformforsocialdialoguesforthelanguage'sgrowingnumbersofspeakers.Indoingso,itisgivingvoicetoapowerfulalternativecultureinKenyaandcelebratingthemanytriballanguagesthatcontributetoSheng.Inturn,thishelpstobringsomeweleculturalharmonyandmutual(相互)understandingtoacountry,whichhastoooftenbeendividedagainstitselfintherecentpast.GoShengusesavarietyofdifferentmeanstogrowShenglanguageandculture.Itsmostsignificantachievement,todate,hasbeenthedevelopmentofaShengdictionary,whichcontainsover3,900wordsandcontinuestogrowrapidly.Itfunctionsasasociallydrivenresource,whereregisteredmemberscanaddwordsorphraseswhichthengetvotedforbyothermembers,beforebeingacceptedasauthentic.GoShengalsorunsawebsiteandvarioussocialmediachannels,whichhaveanonlinemunityofaround15,000activeparticipants.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了非洲的一種新語言。該語言結(jié)合了現(xiàn)代需要和當?shù)夭柯渲械恼Z言，即將被推廣。1．WhatdoeseLearningAfricausuallydo?A．InventnewAfricanlanguages.B．Promotelanguageresearches.C．Developtechnologylearningandtraining.D．Helppeoplelearnanddevelopwithtechnology.答案：D細節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段第二句中的“...eLearningAfrica,thecontinent'sleadingconferenceontechnology-assistedlearning,traininganddevelopment”可知D正確。2．WhatisthemostsuccessfulworkdonebyGoSheng?A．DevelopingaShengdictionary.B．Workingasaresourcetoidentifywords.C．Bringingculturalharmonyandbetterunderstanding.D．Runningawebsiteandvariousmediachannels.答案：A細節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段第二句可知，它最重要的成就是Shengdictionary的開發(fā)。故選A。3．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSheng?A．Itwillstilltakeinnewwordsapprovedandacceptedbyvoting.B．ItbinesKiswahili,RussianandanumberofKenyantribalwords.C．Itwasborninsomeoftheareashardlyinfluencedbyelectionviolence.D．IthasbeethefirstlanguageofmanyyoungKenyansinruralareas.答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句中的“...registeredmemberscanaddwordsorphraseswhichthengetvotedforbyothermembers,beforebeingacceptedasauthentic”可知，該語言還將通過投票不斷吸收新詞。故選A。4．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablyefrom?A．Asciencereport. B．Anadvertisement.C．Abookreview. D．Amagazineofculture.答案：D推理判斷題。本文是有關(guān)語言和文化的。故選D。B“Shakealeg”and“showaleg”areusuallydiscussedtogether,butitisn'tatallclearhowtheyareconnected.Bothphraseshavemorethanonemeaning.“Shakealeg”means“hurryup”accordingtothedefinitionintheNewYorkMagazinein1904.Beforethat,“shakealeg”hadanothermeaning,whichwas“todance”.ThereareseveralquotationsfromallkindsofAmericanandBritainsourcesfromthemid-19thcenturythatarerelatedtodancing;forexample,theDubuqueDemocraticHerald,October1863,inanadvertisementforalocalball:“Nearlyeverymanintownabletoshakealeghaspurchasedaticket.”“Showaleg”meanseither“makeanappearance”，oritmeans“hurryup”.Thesecondmeaningisn'tmonlyused,norisitold.Whateverthesource,itisn'ttheoriginalmeaningof“showaleg”.MostmentatorsreportthatthephrasederivesfromtheRoyalNavyandthatthiswastheordergiventosailorstoputafootfromtheirhammocks(吊床)andgetup.Theuseof“showaleg”asawake-upcalliswelldocumented.JohnMasefield(PoetLaureatefrom1930to1967)wasatraineemarineronHMSConwayuntil1891.Hereportedthefullversionofthemorningcallas:“Heaveout,heaveout,heaveout,heaveout!Away!eallyousleepers,Hey!Showaleg.”That'stheearliestquotationofthenavalcallIcanfind,althoughitmayhavebeenusedwellbefore1891.AnalternativeversionesfromthefactthatwomenwereallowedonboardRoyalNavyshipsinthe19thcenturyandthattheywereallowedtostayasleepafterthesailorshadbeenwoken.Inthemorningthebosun'smates(水手長助手)hadtocheckwhoeverwasstillasleepanddidsobyrequiringthemtoshowalegoverthesideofthehammock.Ifalegwashairy,itwasprobablymaleanditsownerwasorderedtogetupandbeginwork.Believethatifyouwill;personally,Idon't.Allinall,althoughbothofthetwoEnglishslangsaresometimesusedtomean“hurryup”，theyaretwoindependentphrasesthatwerecoinedwithdifferentmeanings.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章向我們介紹了“shakealeg”與“showaleg”這兩個俚語的含義及其歷史來源。5．Howmanywaysdoestheslang“showaleg”efrom?A．1. B．2.C．3. D．4.答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“thephrasederivesfromtheRoyalNavyandthatthiswastheordergiventosailorstoputafootfromtheirhammocks(吊床)andgetup”及第五段第一句中的“AnalternativeversionesfromthefactthatwomenwereallowedonboardRoyalNavyshipsinthe19thcentury”可知，有兩個版本，一個是海軍起床命令；另一個是指露出一條腿以便區(qū)分男女。故選B。6．Inwhichsentencedoes“shakealeg”haveadifferentmeaning?A．Iwillshakealegwithhimatthenextballwithgreatpleasure.B．Nearlyeverymanintownabletoshakealeghaspurchasedaticket.C．TheywantedtoshakealegonaTVshow.D．Youmustshakealegtocatchthelastbus.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知“shakealeg”有兩種含義，一個是“趕緊”一個是“跳舞”，前三項均意為“跳舞”，只有D項意為“趕緊”。故選D。7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetotheversionmentionedinParagraph5?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.C．Indifferent. D．Neutral.答案：A觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Believethatifyouwill;personally,Idon't.”可知，作者對這一版本持懷疑的態(tài)度。故選A。8．Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto.A．persuadereaderstolearnslangsseriouslyB．describe“shakealeg”and“showaleg”C．distinguish“shakealeg”and“showaleg”D．remarkon“shakealeg”and“showaleg”答案：C推理判斷題。從首尾兩段可知作者寫這篇文章的目的在于區(qū)別“shakealeg”與“showaleg”這兩個俚語。故選C。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Knowingasecondlanguagecanmakeyoumoreemployableandabettertraveler.ButhangingontoyourhighschoolorcollegeSpanish—orFrench,orGerman,etc—isachallengeonceyou'renolongerenrolledinclasses.1.●Gomobile.They'renotquiteasaddictiveasCandyCrush,butlanguagelearningappsareaperfect,productivewaytokilltime.2.YoucantryDuolingo,whichtakesanentertainingandprehensiveapproachtolearningalanguage;itteachesnotonlyreadingandwritingbutlisteningandspeaking.●3.Joinalocalgrouptoconnectandchatwithfellowstudentsofyourdesiredlanguage.Or,findavirtualpartneronasitelikeConversationExchange;nativespeakersofotherlanguageswhowanttopracticetheirEnglishwillbehappytotradesmalltalkwithyouoverSkype.●Read,watch,listen.Ifyou'rereasonablyliterateinyourlanguageofchoice,considerpickingupafavoritechildren'sbook(oraudiobook)intranslation.4.OryoucantrytowatchforeignfilmswithEnglishsubtitles.●Takethetraditionalapproach.Languageclassesareaninvestmentintermsofbothtimeandmoney,buttheyremainaneffectivewaytolearn.5.Theyincludeoneswithafunfocusonliterature,film,orevenfood.A．FindaconversationpartnerorseveralB．GetinsomeregularconversationalpracticeC．munitycollegesofferavarietyoflanguageclassesD．HarryPotter,forexample,isavailablein68differentlanguagesE．YoumaybeabletolinkupwithacenterliketheFrenchInstituteF．Fortunately,youcanstayliterateinyourlanguageofchoicewithalittleeffortG．Youcanshoparoundtofindonethatcopesbestwithyourpreferredlearningstyle篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。懂一門第二外語會使你更有資格任職，而且會使你成為一名更好的旅行者，本文給了幾點建議，即使你不再上學(xué)了，依然可以保持你的二外水平。1．F本文的主題是文章的第一句：懂一門第二外語會使你更有資格任職，而且會使你成為一名更好的旅行者?？涨熬湟猓喝欢坏┠悴辉偕险n，要想保留你在高中或大學(xué)習(xí)得的西班牙語、法語或德語等語言就會是一個挑戰(zhàn)。故這里F(幸運的是，只需要微小努力，你就依然可以保持你的二外水平。)符合上下文，故選F。2．G本段的主題是：使用移動工具?？涨熬湟猓核麄儾幌裉枪竺半U那樣容易上癮，但是語言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用軟件是一種用來消磨時間的完美又富有成效的方式。空后句意：你可以試一下Duolingo，它用一種有趣又全面的方式來學(xué)習(xí)語言，不僅教授閱讀和寫作，而且還教授聽力和口語。故這里G(你可以貨比三家，尋找最適合你的學(xué)習(xí)方式的那一款。)符合上下文，故選G。3．A此空是本段的主題句。下文所描述的是建議加入一個當?shù)匦〗M，或者在交流對話一類的網(wǎng)站上找一個虛擬的會話伙伴，來練習(xí)語言。故這里A(找一個或幾個會話伙伴。)符合上下文，故選A。4．D本段的建議是：讀、看、聽?？涨熬湟猓喝绻愕亩馑揭呀?jīng)達到一定的程度，那就考慮選擇一本你最喜愛的兒童讀物(或有聲讀物)譯本來讀。空后句意：或者你可以嘗試觀看有英文字幕的外國影片。這里D(例如《哈利波特》，它已經(jīng)被翻譯成68種不同的語言。)符合上下文，故選D。5．C本段建議是：采用傳統(tǒng)的方法?？涨熬湟猓壕蜁r間和金錢來看，語言學(xué)習(xí)班是一項投資，但是它們是一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)方式?？蘸缶湟猓核鼈兲峁┌ㄒ晕膶W(xué)、電影，甚至是食物為重點的有趣課程。這里C(社區(qū)大學(xué)提供多種語言學(xué)習(xí)班。)符合上下文，故選C。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I'verecentlydiscoveredthatIhaveasecondpersonality(個性)whenIspeakEnglish,paredtotheoriginalmewhenIspeakChinese.SpeakingEnglishbringsout__1__moreoutgoing,enthusiastic,relaxedandconfidentsideofme.Iamalsomoreopen__