高考英語新人教版必修1一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第一編教材回眸Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero

Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero聽第1段材料，回答第1題。1．Whereisthewomanfrom?A．Britain. B．Russia.C．America.答案：B聽第2段材料，回答第2題。2．WhomightMrPetersonbe?A．Anewprofessor. B．Adepartmenthead.C．Apanydirector.答案：C聽第3段材料，回答第3至5題。3．Wherewasthemanborn?A．InPhiladelphia. B．InSpringfield.C．InKansas.答案：B4．Whatdidthemanlikedoingwhenhewasachild?A．Drawing. B．Traveling.C．Reading.答案：A5．Whatinspiresthemanmostinhiswork?A．Education. B．Familylove.C．Nature.答案：C【技巧點(diǎn)撥】在第3段聽力材料中，務(wù)必要將borninSpringfield和grewupinKansas區(qū)別開，這樣第3題才能回答正確。Text1M：Hello,I'mJohn.Nicetomeetyou.W：Nicetomeetyou,too.I'mNatasha.AreyouBritish?M：No,I'mAmerican.Whereareyoufrom?W：IamfromRussia.Text2W：DidyouhearthatMrPetersonisingnextweek,Gordon?M：Yes,soIcalledallthedepartmentheadstomyofficethismorning.Weneedtogivehimreportsonourprogram.Text3W：Hello,everyone,weletoourprogram.Today,wearefortunatetohaveaspecialguestwithus.Someofyoumayhaveheardofhimbefore.Heisanartist.Hisworkshavereceivedmanyprizesandhavebeenshowninover100exhibitionsacrossthecountry,LosAngeles,NewYork,Philadelphia,tonamejustafew.HisnameisChrisKirksey.So,Chris,tellusabitaboutyourself.M：Well,IwasborninSpringfield,Missouri,andgrewupinKansas.Ididn'tefromafamilywithwealthorpossession,butIdidmanagetogetamaster'sdegreeinFineArts.W：Whendidyoufirststarttomakeartandwhatwastheturningpointinyourlifethatmadeyouanartist?M：IalwayslikedrawingasearlyasIcouldremember,sorightfromthen,IknewwhatIwasgoingtobe,anartist.W：Whatisitthatalwaysinspiresyoutocreate?M：Natureisthebiggestinspiration.I'malwaysinspiredbythingsofbeautyandharmony.1．核心單詞(1)quality(n.)質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)→(形近詞)quantity(n.)數(shù)量(2)active(adj.)積極的；活躍的→actively(adv.)積極地→activity(n.)活動(dòng)(3)devote(vt.)獻(xiàn)身；專心于→devoted(adj.)忠實(shí)的；深愛的→devotion(n.)關(guān)愛；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(4)vote(vt.&vi.)投票；選舉(n.)投票；選票；表決→voter(n.)投票人；選舉人(5)attack(vt.)進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊(n.)攻擊；抨擊；疾病發(fā)作→(形近詞)attach(vt.)把……附(在……上)；重視(6)equal(adj.)相等的；平等的→equality(n.)平等；相等→equally(adv.)同樣地；相等地；公平地→unequal(adj.)不平等的；不公平的(7)escape(vt.&vi.)逃脫；逃走；避開；泄露→escaped(adj.)逃跑了的(8)educate(vt.)教育；訓(xùn)練→educated(adj.)受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→education(n.)教育→educator(n.)教育工作者→educational(adj.)教育的；有關(guān)教育的(9)beg(vi.)請求；乞求→begged(過去式/過去分詞)→beggar(n.)乞丐(10)reward(n.)報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金(vt.)酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞→rewarding(adj.)值得的；有益的；有回報(bào)的(11)opinion(n.)意見；看法；主張2．閱讀單詞(1)mean(adj.)吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的(2)found(vt.)建立；建設(shè)(3)peaceful(adj.)和平的；平靜的；安寧的(4)hopeful(adj.)懷有希望的；有希望的(5)violence(n.)暴力；暴行(6)unfair(adj.)不公正的；不公平的(7)relative(n.)親戚；親屬(8)terror(n.)恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖時(shí)期；恐怖活動(dòng)(9)cruelty(n.)殘忍；殘酷(10)president(n.)總統(tǒng)；會(huì)長；校長；行長【即景活用】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Intotal,25%ofIndia'sworking-agepopulationhasno________(educate)．答案：education2．Fortunately,Natalie'sfamily________(escape)toBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.答案：escaped3．Whetheryou________(vote)fororagainsttheplandoesn'tseemtomatterverymuch.答案：vote4．Parentsshould________(active)urgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.答案：actively5．Someofthemwere________(devote)tothestudyofnaturalscience.答案：devoted6．ProjectORBISalsoaimsatpromoting________(peace)cooperationamongcountries.答案：peaceful7．Forpreviousgenerations,________(guide)andsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameage.答案：guidance8．Learningtodealwiththesocialworldis________(equal)important.答案：equally9．Scientistssaythatyour________(willing)totakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.答案：willingness10．ThedriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000and________(sentence)toupto3yearsinprison.答案：sentenced聯(lián)想積累1．表示“人物特點(diǎn)”的形容詞全掃描①generous慷慨的②active積極的；活躍的③warm-hearted熱心腸的④creative富有創(chuàng)造力的⑤devoted有獻(xiàn)身精神的⑥energetic有活力的⑦intelligent聰明的⑧ambitious有雄心壯志的⑨confident有信心的⑩enthusiastic充滿熱情的2．名詞＋后綴-ful構(gòu)成的形容詞薈萃①peaceful和平的②painful痛苦的③harmful有害的④powerful強(qiáng)大的⑤cheerful歡樂的⑥meaningful有意義的⑦beautiful美麗的⑧merciful仁慈的；寬大的⑨helpful有幫助的；有用的⑩careful小心的；仔細(xì)的；謹(jǐn)慎的3．后綴“-ent”形容詞與“-ence”名詞大集合①violent暴力的violence暴力②silent沉默的silence沉默③different不同的difference差異④patient有耐心的patience耐心⑤confident自信的confidence信心⑥evident明顯的evidence證據(jù)⑦intelligent聰明的intelligence智力⑧independent獨(dú)立的independence獨(dú)立1．out_of_work失業(yè)2．a(chǎn)s_a_matter_of_fact事實(shí)上3．in_trouble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中4．turn_to求助于；致力于5．lose_heart喪失勇氣或信心6．etopower上臺(tái)；當(dāng)權(quán)7．setup建立；設(shè)立8．besentencedto被判處……(徒刑)9．blowup使充氣；爆炸10．inone'sopinion在某人看來【即景活用】用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空devoteto，introuble，turnto，loseheart，setup，asamatteroffact1．Hewasalovingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewas________.答案：introuble2．IfeelthatI'vebeengivenasecondlifeto________somethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.答案：devoteto3．In1963theUN________theWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhosepurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.答案：setup4．Istillwanttohavemyparentsto________wheneverIneedhelp.答案：turnto5．Hefailedindoingtheexperiment.Buthedidn't________andtriedasecondtime.答案：loseheart6．________,wecanseethisprincipleatworkinpeopleofallages.答案：Asamatteroffact聯(lián)想積累1．“動(dòng)詞＋to”短語薈萃①devoteto致力于；獻(xiàn)身于②objectto反對③referto談到；涉及；參閱④pointto指向⑤turnto求助于；致力于⑥stick/hold/keepto堅(jiān)持；忠于⑦seeto處理；料理⑧eto共計(jì)；蘇醒⑨belongto屬于2．“outof＋名詞”短語大全①outofwork失業(yè)②outofaction損壞；發(fā)生故障③outofbreath上氣不接下氣④outofcharacter不相稱；不恰當(dāng)⑤outofcondition身體不好；情況欠佳⑥outofcontrol失去控制⑦outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)⑧outofdate過時(shí)的⑨outofdebt不欠債⑩outoffavour失寵；不受歡迎?outofhand失去控制；脫手?outofluck運(yùn)氣不好；不湊巧?outofmind心不在焉?outoforder次序紊亂；損壞了?outofpatience不耐煩的?outofplace不在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?．Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.那是1952年，曼德拉是我去尋求幫助的黑人律師。2．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我感覺很糟?！揪涫椒聦憽?．Howtolivelongerisaquestion____________________________________________(人類力圖尋找良好答案)forthousandsofyears.答案：towhichmanhastriedtofindagoodanswer2．______________________(第一次)Iinterviewedhim,helookedabitnervous.答案：Thefirsttime聯(lián)想積累引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的名詞短語和副詞①thefirsttime第一次each/everytime每次……的時(shí)候nexttime下次anytime任何時(shí)候lasttime上次bythetime到……為止[單詞點(diǎn)津]devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專心于[教材原句]Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.偉人就是將他/她的一生致力于幫助別人的人。(1)devote...to...把……奉獻(xiàn)于……devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；致力于(2)devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深愛的bedevotedto(doing)sth.專心于某事；奉獻(xiàn)于某事(3)devotionn.關(guān)愛；關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①He'sdevotedmostofhistime________hispainting.②________(devote)toscientificresearchwholeheartedly,hespendslittletimewithhisfamily.③Mothers'________(devote)tochildrencanhardlybecalculated.答案：①to②Devoted③devotion(2)單句改錯(cuò)DonaldTrumpalsoheldatownhallmeetingdevotingtohealthcareinsouthwesternVirginia.________________________________________________________答案：devoting→devotedequaladj.相等的；平等的；勝任的n.同等的人；相等物v.等于；抵得上[教材原句]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我很高興地去提供幫助，因?yàn)槲抑?，這會(huì)有助于我們實(shí)現(xiàn)讓黑人與白人平等的夢想。(1)beequalto＋n．/doing等于；與……相等；勝任beequalin在……方面相等beequalwith與……平等(2)AequalsB(in...)A(在……方面)比得上Bbewithoutequal/havenoequal無與倫比；無敵(3)equalityn.平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；均等；同樣【即景活用】完成句子①Ibelievehe__________________theoccasion.我相信他能應(yīng)付這種場合。②Infact,whenitestotheartofwar,ants____________________.實(shí)際上，當(dāng)談到戰(zhàn)爭的藝術(shù)時(shí)，螞蟻無與倫比。答案：①isequalto②havenoequalescapevt.&vi.逃脫；逃走n.逃脫[教材原句]Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。(1)escapefrom/outof...從……逃脫escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事(2)anarrowescape死里逃生(3)escapedadj.逃脫的【即景活用】(1)單句語法填空①Hewascrossingthestreetwhenamanwasdrivingfasttowardshimandhenarrowlyescaped________(kill)．②Theprisonerusedthetunneltoescape________jail.答案：①beingkilled②from(2)完成句子Thebulletmissedaboutaninch,therefore,therabbithad__________________.子彈未擊中兔子，僅差一英寸，因此兔子僥幸逃脫。答案：anarrowescaperewardn.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞[教材原句]TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.他們說，從南非新政府得到的這份工作和薪餉，是我畢生為爭取黑人的平等權(quán)利而斗爭所得到的回報(bào)。(1)give/offerarewardtosb.forsth.因某事給某人報(bào)酬(或賞金)inreward(for)作為(對……的)報(bào)答(2)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事報(bào)答某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物/某事報(bào)答某人(3)rewardingadj.有益的；值得的；有報(bào)酬的；報(bào)答的【即景活用】單句語法填空①Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswill________(reward)withsuccessintheend.②Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingand________(reward)．③Hereceivedhighpraise________rewardforhiscaringabouttheold.答案：①berewarded②rewarding③in[短語點(diǎn)撥]introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中[教材原句]EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.伊萊亞斯在有麻煩時(shí)去見納爾遜·曼德拉。getintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻煩havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.做某事有困難/麻煩takethetroubletodosth.不怕費(fèi)事/困難盡力做某事【即景活用】完成句子①ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeone______________.我們快要回家的時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到幫助了有困難的人感覺多么美妙?、贜omatterwhenyou__________________studying,pleasedon'thesitatetoaskforourhelp.無論什么時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)有困難，請毫不猶豫地來找我們幫助。③Somepeoplealwayssticktotheirviews,evenifitmeansthattheymay__________________.有些人總是堅(jiān)持他們的主張，即使那意味著他們會(huì)陷入困境。答案：①introuble②havetrouble(in)③getintotroubleturnto求助于；致力于[教材原句]WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?為什么納爾遜·曼德拉會(huì)使用暴力來使黑人和白人平等？(1)turntosb.forhelp向某人求助taketurnstodo.../indoing...輪流做……inturn依次；逐個(gè)；相應(yīng)地byturns輪流地；交替地(2)turndown關(guān)??；拒絕turnaway拒絕……入內(nèi)；把……打發(fā)走turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；原來是turnover打翻；翻身；移交turn...into把……變成【即景活用】完成句子①Nobodyseemstounderstand.Idon'tknowwhoto________.似乎沒有人懂這個(gè)，我不知道該向誰求教。②Tomhadto________theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上個(gè)周末，湯姆不得不拒絕參加聚會(huì)的邀請，因?yàn)樗α?。③They________tolookaftertheirsickfatherinthehospital.他們輪流照顧生病住院的父親。答案：①turnto②turndown③tookturnsloseheart喪失勇氣或信心[教材原句]Thescientistfromwhomweheardthegoodnewsneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.這位科學(xué)家遇到困難時(shí)從不灰心，我們從其口中獲得好消息。(1)putone'sheartinto一心撲在……上learnsth.byheart背誦；記牢某事strike...intosb./sb.'sheart使……刻骨銘心loseone'shearttosb.愛上某人(2)heartandsoul全心全意地fromthebottomofsb.'sheart從心底；由衷地【即景活用】完成句子①Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theydidn't________________.雖然被對方球隊(duì)擊敗，但他們沒有喪失信心。②She____________________tothehandsomesoldierassoonasshesawhimatadanceparty.在一次舞會(huì)上，她一見到那個(gè)英俊的士兵就愛上了他。③Thereisanoldsayinglikethis,“Nothingistoohardifyou________________________.”俗話說，“心之所愿，無所不成”。答案：①loseheart②lostherheart③putyourheartintoit[句型與語法][教材原句]Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。(1)see,find,witness等動(dòng)詞，可以用地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間名詞作主語，表示某地或某時(shí)“經(jīng)歷、發(fā)生、目睹”了某事。該句是一個(gè)無生命的名詞作主語的句式。(2)當(dāng)先行詞是stage,situation,case,point,position等詞且從句缺少狀語時(shí)，定語從句常用where或inwhich來引導(dǎo)，表示抽象的地點(diǎn)。【即景活用】單句語法填空①Theoldtower________(witness)greatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears.②Theyear1959________(see)thefirstappearanceofarealflyingshipintheworld.③Ithasputmeinaposition________Ican'taffordtotakethejob.答案：①haswitnessed②saw③where[教材原句]Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。(1)“only＋狀語(副詞、介詞短語或從句)”位于句首時(shí)，句子需用部分倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：only＋狀語＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞＋主語＋其他。(2)only修飾名詞或代詞位于句首作主語時(shí)，句子不用倒裝?！炯淳盎钣谩?1)單句語法填空Onlyifwedealwithandoverealargenumberofdifficultiesinacorrectway________werealizeourdream.答案：will/can(2)完成句子①Onlybyunderstandingandlearningfromeachother__________________thesedaystogetherhappily.只有互相理解和學(xué)習(xí)，我們才能一起愉快地度過這些天。②Onlythosewhoacceptthisreality______________areallyfulllife.只有那些接受這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的人才能過上真正豐富的生活。答案：①canwespend②willlive[教材原句]Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.他在午餐后的休息時(shí)間以及晚上我們本來該睡覺的時(shí)間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。(1)此句是一個(gè)含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。when引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞thelunchbreaksandtheevenings，并在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語。(2)定語從句除了由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)外，還可由關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)，它們在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞用法when其先行詞常常是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如：time,day,hour,year等，when代替先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語where其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place,room,house,street,area等，where在從句中代替先行詞作地點(diǎn)狀語why常用在先行詞reason后，代替先行詞在從句中作原因狀語，也可用forwhich來代替【特別提醒】選擇關(guān)系副詞作關(guān)系詞的原則是：從句中不缺少主語、賓語或表語，然后根據(jù)先行詞表示的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)和原因來確定when,where,why。【即景活用】單句語法填空①Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alesisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.②Doyouknowthereason________hewasabsenttoday?③Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.④Istillremembertheday________whichIfirstcametothisschool.答案：①when/duringwhich②why/forwhich③where/inwhich④onDoyouknowthe__1__(form)presidentofSouthAfrica,NelsonMandela?Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwas__2__prisonfornearlythirtyyears.Hehelpedblackpeoplegettheequalrightsaswhitepeople.Eliashadlittleeducation.Becausehisfamilycouldn'tafford__3__(pay)theschoolfees,hehadtodropoutofschool.Thenhefoundajobinagoldmineandheworriedabout__4__hewouldbeoutofwork.Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime__5__hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whowasablacklawyerandoffered__6__(guide)topoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Atthattime,blackpeoplehadnorights__7__(vote)andtheirlifewasdecidedbythewhites.NelsonMandelasaidtoEliasthattheywereputinaposition__8__theyhadeithertoaccepttheywerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Sohedecidedtouse__9__(violent).ThoughEliasdidn'tlikeviolence,hehelpedNelsonMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Heknewitwasdangeroustodoit,buthealsoknewitwastorealizetheirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeople__10__(equal)．1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.former2.in3.topay4.whether5.that6．guidance7.tovote8.where9.violence10.equalⅠ.單句語法填空1．Nowtheirpeacetalkshavereachedakeystage________onesidemustgiveintotheother.答案：where當(dāng)先行詞是case,position,stage等抽象名詞，且在從句中作狀語，表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，定語從句使用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)。2．Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand________(devote)．答案：devotion由teamworkand可知，此處填名詞devotion“奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠”，作賓語。3．Whenananimalis________attackitcanrunawayorfightback.答案：underunderattack“受到攻擊”。4．Shestartedsingingtothebabyand________(reward)withasmile.答案：wasrewardedrewardsb.withasmile“對某人報(bào)以微笑”，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork,hewasluckytoescape________(fire)byhisboss.答案：beingfiredescapebeingfired“免于被解雇”。6．Ihavesometrouble________(read)theletter,becausehishandwritingisverybad.答案：(in)readinghavetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有困難”。7．Insomeplacestherearemanylawsagainst________(cruel)toanimalsbutfewtoprotectchildren.答案：cruelty空前against是介詞，因此本空填名詞cruelty“殘忍；殘酷”。8．Yourteachercangiveyou________(guide)onchoosingacareerandwritingajobapplication.答案：guidancegivesb.guidanceon...“給某人關(guān)于……的指導(dǎo)或建議”，故此處填名詞guidance“指導(dǎo)”。9．________(educate)usuallyreferstoteachingpeoplevarioussubjects,usuallyataschoolorcollege.答案：Education此處應(yīng)用名詞education“教育”作主語。10．Theyoungmanwassentencedto________(die)forkillingamiddleschoolstudent.答案：deathbesentencedtodeath“被判死刑”。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Ihope,firstofall,thatweshallneverloseourheartinfaceoffailure.________________________________________________________答案：去掉ourloseheart“失去信心”，為固定搭配。2．Sheisveryweakandnotequaltomakealongjourney.________________________________________________________答案：make→makingbeequalto“勝任……”，其中to是介詞。3．Thousandsofpeopleturnedtowatchyesterday'smatchagainstIreland.________________________________________________________答案：turned后加upturnup“出現(xiàn)；露面”。4．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigpany.________________________________________________________答案：去掉whenThefirsttime在此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。5．Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagainwerealizethattherewasamistake.________________________________________________________答案：we前加did“only＋狀語從句”放句首，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Ⅲ.語法填空(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term__1__(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas__2__modelinNewYork.Sarah__3__(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfulltime.ButSarah,__4__hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants__5__(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher__6__(educate)．Shehasturneddownseveral__7__(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree__8__engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school__9__(e)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis__10__(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.”1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。16歲的薩拉作為一名模特兒表現(xiàn)出色，她父親想讓她放棄學(xué)業(yè)專心從事模特兒行業(yè)，但薩拉認(rèn)為學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)先，應(yīng)努力成為一個(gè)既有美貌又有智慧的女性。1．resting考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定搭配，此處表示薩拉沒有花半學(xué)期的時(shí)間來休息。2．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。句意：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特兒每天收入6,500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。3．wastold考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國新的超模兒，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4．who考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞Sarah在從句中作主語，且指人，故用who。5．toprove考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。wanttodosth.“想要做某事”，為固定搭配。6．education考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞her應(yīng)該用來修飾名詞，educate的名詞形式是education。7．invitations考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。several“幾個(gè)”，其后的可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8．in考查介詞。關(guān)于某個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture“工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位”。9．es考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。10．certainly考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)該用副詞來修飾形容詞fun,certain的副詞形式為certainly。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)Nowadays,it'sfashionableforyoungstudenttohaveiPads.UsedaniPad,wecanlistentomusic,downloadalotoflearningmaterialsandreadit.Obviously,it'sofgreathelpwithourstudies,especialwithourEnglishlisteningskills.Somestudents,however,bringtheiriPadstotheclassroomlisteningtomusicwithearphones,butsomeevenplayingvideogames,whichmaketeachersandstudentsgreatlyannoyed.Formyopinion,theclassroomisaplacetostudy,andconcentrationwasterriblyneeded.Therefore,weshouldmakeagooduseofiPadsandothermodernmunicationtoolstohelpwithourlessons.Meanwhile,schoolsshouldmakesomerulesinstructthestudentstouseiPadsproperly.答案：Nowadays,it'sfashionableforyoungeq\o(student,\s\do14(①students))tohaveiPads.eq\o(Used,\s\do14(②Using))aniPad,wecanlistentomusic,downloadalotoflearningmaterialsandreadeq\o(it,\s\do14(③them)).Obviously,it'sofgreathelpwithourstudies,eq\o(especial,\s\do14(④especially))withourEnglishlisteningskills.Somestudents,however,bringtheiriPadstotheclassroomlisteningtomusicwithearphones,eq\o(but,\s\do14(⑤and))someevenplayingvideogames,whicheq\o(make,\s\do14(⑥makes))teachersandstudentsgreatlyannoyed.eq\o(For,\s\do14(⑦In))myopinion,theclassroomisaplacetostudy,andconcentrationeq\o(was,\s\do14(⑧is))terriblyneeded.Therefore,weshouldmakeeq\o(eq\o(a,＼),\s\do14(⑨))gooduseofiPadsandothermodernmunicationtoolstohelpwithourlessons.Meanwhile,schoolsshouldmakesomeruleseq\o(∧,\s\do14(⑩to))instructthestudentstouseiPadsproperly.難項(xiàng)分析：第二處：Used→Using考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語we和use之間是主謂關(guān)系，且use所表示的動(dòng)作和句子謂語動(dòng)詞download和read所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。第六處：make→makes考查主謂一致。which指代的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容，所以定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式makes。第十處：rules后加to考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處用不定式短語充當(dāng)目的狀語。單元加餐練Ⅰ.完形填空(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday,27kids__1__“TheThinkingLaboratory.”Thatwasthe__2__studentsvotedforafterdecidingthat“Room104”wastoo__3__.Freddywasanaverage__4__,butnotanaverageperson.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandpassion(同情).Hewould__5__theloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone's__6__.Beforetheschoolyear__7__,Igavethekidsaspecial__8__,T-shirtswiththewords“VerbsAreYour__9__”onthem.Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbs(動(dòng)詞)mayseemdull,mostofthe__10__thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.Throughtheyears,I'drunintoformerstudentswhowouldprovide__11__onoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis__12__fromhighschoolandremainedthesame__13__personImetfortyyearsbefore.Once,whileworkingovernightatastore,heletahomelessman__14__inhistruck.Anothertime,he__15__afriendmoneytobuyahouse.Justlastyear,Iwas__16__aworkshopwhensomeoneknockedattheclassroomdoor.Awoman__17__theinterruptionandhandedmeanenvelope.Istoppedteachingand__18__itup.Insidewerethe“Verbs”shirtanda__19__fromFreddy'smother.“FreddypassedawayonThanksgiving.Hewantedyoutohavethis.”Itoldthestorytotheclass.Assadasitwas,Icouldn'thelpsmiling.AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus,weall__20__somethingfromFreddy.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者以前是小學(xué)老師，學(xué)年結(jié)束時(shí)，給了每個(gè)孩子一件印著文字的T恤衫作為禮物。一個(gè)叫Freddy的學(xué)生既有愛心也很樂觀。畢業(yè)后，作者通過以前的學(xué)生了解到Freddy的情況，知道他經(jīng)常幫助別人。但是后來Freddy的媽媽來找作者，告訴作者Freddy去世了，并將作者送的T恤衫還給了作者。作者對此感到既難過又欣慰。1．A．built B．enteredC．decorated D．ran答案：B根據(jù)空格前的“teachingelementaryschool”以及空格后的“Room104”可知，是進(jìn)入了(entered)這個(gè)房間。2．A.name B．ruleC．brand D．plan答案：A根據(jù)空格前的“TheThinkingLaboratory”可知，這是“Room104”的名字(name)。3．A.small B．darkC．strange D．dull答案：D學(xué)生們把“Room104”改為“TheThinkingLaboratory”，是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得它很無趣(dull)，這與第三段中的dull相呼應(yīng)。4．A.scholar B．studentC．citizen D．worker答案：B上文第2空后有“students”，下文第四段中也提到“formerstudents”，由此可知選B項(xiàng)，表示“弗雷德是一名普通的學(xué)生(student)”。5．A.speak B．singC．question D．laugh答案：D根據(jù)空格后的“fun”可知，此處與笑(laugh)有關(guān)，而后面的saddest又與之對應(yīng)。6．A.misfortune B．disbeliefC．dishonesty D．mistake答案：A空格前的“saddest”與“不幸(misfortune)”呼應(yīng)，只有不幸的事才能令人傷心。7．A.changed B．a(chǎn)pproachedC．returned D．ended答案：D根據(jù)空格后所述“作者送學(xué)生們T恤衫”可知，是本學(xué)年結(jié)束(ended)之前。8．A.lesson B．giftC．report D．message答案：B根據(jù)空格后的“T-shirts”可知，這是老師送給學(xué)生們的禮物(gift)。9．A.Friends B．AwardsC．Masters D．Tasks答案：A根據(jù)下文可知，很多有趣的事情都是Verbs做的，由此可推測T-shirts上寫的是“動(dòng)詞是你的朋友(friends)”。10．A.simple B．uniqueC．fun D．clever答案：C句中的while意為“雖然”，再由空前的dull可知，此處應(yīng)填與之對應(yīng)的fun，表示“有趣的；令人快樂的”。11．A.assessments B．mentsC．instructions D．updates答案：D根據(jù)空格前的“formerstudents”以及空格后的“oldclassmates”可知，作者不時(shí)地從以前的學(xué)生那里聽到關(guān)于老同學(xué)的最新消息，update為可數(shù)名詞，意為“最新消息”，符合語境。12．A.graduation B．retirementC．separation D．resignation答案：A根據(jù)前面的“formerstudents”和空格后的“fromhighschool”可知，是高中畢業(yè)(graduation)后。13．A.daring B．modestC．caring D．smart答案：C根據(jù)空格前的“remained”以及下文列舉的幫助無家可歸的人、借錢給朋友可知，弗雷德依舊是一個(gè)樂于助人的(caring)人。14．A.wait B．sleepC．study D．live答案：B根據(jù)空格前的“homeless”可知，此處是說讓這個(gè)無家可歸的人睡(sleep)在他的卡車?yán)铩?5．A.paid B．chargedC．lent D．owed答案：C根據(jù)空格后的“money”和“buyahouse”可知，此處是借(lent)錢給朋友買房子。16．A.observing B．preparingC．designing D．conducting答案：D根據(jù)空格后的“aworkshop，classroomdoor”以及“stoppedteaching”可知，作者正在研習(xí)班上課。句中的conduct是“進(jìn)行”的意思。17．A.regretted B．a(chǎn)voidedC．excused D．ignored答案：C根據(jù)空格后的“interruption”及語境可知，她打擾了作者，請求作者的原諒(excused)。18．A.opened B．packedC．gave D．held答案：A根據(jù)空格前的“anenvelope”以及空格后的“Insidewerethe...”可知，作者打開了(opened)信封。19．A.picture B．billC．note D．diary答案：C信封里是這件T恤衫，還有一張紙條(note)。20．A.chose B．tookC．expected D．borrowed答案：B根據(jù)空格前的“wastaken”可知，此處也應(yīng)用took(拿)，表示“雖然弗雷德從我們身邊被帶走了，但我們都從他身上得到了一些東西”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解ABobDylan,bornonMay24,1941,isanAmericansongwriter,singer,artistandwriter.Hehasbeeninfluentialinpopularmusicandcultureformorethanfivedecades.Muchofhismostcelebratedworkdatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongsshowedsocialunrest.EarlysongssuchasBlowin'intheWindandTheTimesTheyArea-Changin'promotedtheAmericancivilrightsandanti-warmovements.Dylan'ssongsincludeawiderangeofpolitical,socialandliteraryinfluences.Theychallengedexistingpopmusicconventionsandappealedtothegrowingcounterculture.Hisrecordingcareer,spanningmorethan50years,hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock‘n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.Hehastouredsteadilysincethelate1980sonwhathasbeencalledtheNeverEndingTour.Hisacplishmentsasarecordingartistandperformerhavebeencentraltohiscareer,butsongwritingisconsideredhisgreatestcontribution.Asamusician,Dylanhassoldmorethan100millionrecords,makinghimoneofthebestsellingartistsofalltime.HehasalsoreceivednumerousawardsincludingelevenGrammyAwards,aGoldenGlobeAward,andanAcademyAward.ThePulitzerPrizejuryin2008awardedhimaspecialcitation(引言)forhisinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture,markedbylyricalpositionsofextraordinarypoeticpower.InMay2012,DylanreceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomfromPresidentBarackObama.In2016,DylanreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。鮑勃·迪倫因?yàn)椤霸诿绹枨鷤鹘y(tǒng)形式之上開創(chuàng)了以詩歌傳情達(dá)意的新表現(xiàn)手法”而獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。文章介紹了他的作品以及他對流行音樂和美國文化的影響。1．WhichwordbestdescribesDylan'smusicaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Various. B．Talented.C．Personal. D．Popular.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Dylan'ssongsincludeawiderangeof...”以及下文中“...hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,from...to...”可知，他的音樂作品風(fēng)格多種多樣，且涉獵面廣。故選A項(xiàng)。2．WhatisDylanbetterrecognizedas?A．Aperformer. B．Asinger.C．Anartist. D．Asongwriter.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“butsongwritingisconsideredhisgreatestcontribution”可知，他最偉大的貢獻(xiàn)是歌曲創(chuàng)作。故選D項(xiàng)。3．WhatmadeDylangettheNobelPrize?A．Hispoemsaboutmusic.B．HisAmericansongtradition.C．Hislanguagestyleofthesongs.D．HisinfluenceonAmericaculture.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“...,DylanreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature‘forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition’．”可知，他是因?yàn)椤霸诿绹枨鷤鹘y(tǒng)形式之上開創(chuàng)了以詩歌傳情達(dá)意的新表現(xiàn)手法”而獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。BDonaldJohnTrump,bornonJune14,1946,isanAmericanbu