2023-2024學年山西省晉城市高三上學期1月第一次模擬考試(期末)英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省晉城市2023-2024學年高三上學期1月第一次模擬考試(期末)英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分60分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AForGrandparentsDayoranyday,afreeandeasygiftistogiveoneofthesebookstoabelovednana(奶奶)orgrandpaandreadthebooktogetherwiththegrandchild.NanaAkuaGoestoSchoolbyTriciaElamWalkerZurafeelsnervousaboutNanaAkuavisitingherschoolforGrandparentsDaybecauseNanahaspermanentAfricantribalmarksonherface.Whenthedayarrives,AkuaexplainsthatsheisfromGhanaandthemarkswereagiftfromherparentsandshefeelsproudtowearthem.SheshowstheclassaquiltfilledwithothersymbolsfromGhanaandeachchildgetstopickasymboltheylovetowearontheirfacewithfacepaint.Tiny,PerfectThingsbyM.H.ClarkCelebratethewondersofordinary,smallthingsasagirlandhergrandfathertakeawalktonoticeallthetinyandperfectthings;thingslikeayellowleaf,asnail,aredbottlecap,aflowergrowingthroughasidewalkcrack…Whentheyarrivehome,thelittlegirlexcitedlysharesaboutthewondersshesaw.NanaintheCitybyLaurenCastilloTheboydoesn’tlikethecitywhereNanalives,becausehethinksit’sloudandscary.Nanagiveshimafancyredcapethatmakeshimfeelverybrave.AndheandNanawalkthroughthecity,discoveringallthatiswonderfulaboutit.ILoveYouMuchoMuchobyRachelMásDavidsonRosievisitshernana,butsheforgetsNanadoesn’tspeakEnglish.Howwilltheycommunicate?First,theystartwithfood.Thentheydoarttogetherandtakeawalk.NanasaysawordinSpanishandRosiesaysthewordinEnglish.Nomatterwhat,theirloveisalanguageofitsownthatdoesn’tneedwords.1.WhatmightZuraworryabout?A.Hernanaislookeddownupon. B.Hernanafailstovisitherschool.C.Hernana’sexplanationisunconvincing. D.Hernanaistooproudtowearthemarks.2.Fromwhichofthefollowingcanreadersfeelthecharmofnature?A.NanaAkuaGoestoSchool. B.NanaintheCity.C.Tiny,PerfectThings. D.ILoveYouMuchoMucho.3.WhatmessagedoesILoveYouMuchoMuchoconvey?A.Lovetrulymattersalot. B.WeshouldcommunicateinEnglish.C.Bodylanguageisimportant. D.Weshouldlearnmultiplelanguages.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章推薦了可以在祖父母節(jié)送給祖父母的四本書?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)NanaAkuaGoestoSchoolbyTriciaElamWalker部分中“ZurafeelsnervousaboutNanaAkuavisitingherschoolforGrandparentsDaybecauseNanahaspermanentAfricantribalmarksonherface.(祖拉對奶奶來學校過祖父母節(jié)感到很緊張，因為奶奶臉上有永久的非洲部落印記)”可知，奶奶臉上有永久的非洲部落標記，由此推知，Zura擔心這會讓她的奶奶在學校受到同學們的歧視或嘲笑。故選A項。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tiny,PerfectThingsbyM.H.Clark部分中“Celebratethewondersofordinary,smallthingsasagirlandhergrandfathertakeawalktonoticeallthetinyandperfectthings;thingslikeayellowleaf,asnail,aredbottlecap,aflowergrowingthroughasidewalkcrack…Whentheyarrivehome,thelittlegirlexcitedlysharesaboutthewondersshesaw.(頌揚平凡的小東西小事的奇跡，當一個女孩和她的祖父散步時，注意到所有微小而完美的事物；比如一片黃葉、一只蝸牛、一個紅色的瓶蓋、一朵從人行道裂縫里鉆出來的花……當他們回到家時，小女孩興奮地分享著她所看到的奇跡。)”可知，在Tiny,PerfectThings一書中，讀者能感受到大自然的魅力。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ILoveYouMuchoMuchobyRachelMásDavidson部分“Rosievisitshernana,butsheforgetsNanadoesn’tspeakEnglish.Howwilltheycommunicate?First,theystartwithfood.Thentheydoarttogetherandtakeawalk.NanasaysawordinSpanishandRosiesaysthewordinEnglish.Nomatterwhat,theirloveisalanguageofitsownthatdoesn’tneedwords.(羅茜去看望奶奶，但她忘了奶奶不會說英語。他們將如何溝通?首先，他們從食物開始。然后他們一起做藝術(shù)，一起散步。奶奶用西班牙語說一個單詞，羅茜用英語說這個單詞。無論如何，他們的愛是一種不需要言語的語言)”可知，ILoveYouMuchoMucho一書中講述了羅茜和奶奶語言不通，但她們用愛交流的故事，所以這本書要表達的是愛真的很重要。故選A項。BA36-year-oldmanisattemptingtosetanewrecordbyrowing5,000milessolofromHawaiitoAustraliawhilededicatinghisjourneytosavingtheplanet.TezSteinberg,ofBoulder,Colorado,planstoleaveHawaiionDecember20onhissolotripacrossthePacificOcean.Actually,it’sthesecondlegofanadventurethatbeganin2020whenherowedsolofor71daysfromMonterey,California,toOahu,Hawaii.Steinbergbegantoexperiencedepressionwhilehewasincollege.Atthetime,hefoundasolutionbyparticipatinginendurancesports.“Ithelpedmefeelbetter,”hesaid.“ButasIwentfartherandfarther,pushingmyselfthroughmarathonsandtriathlons,IdiscoveredthisbeliefinmyselfthatI’msomuchstrongerthanIthoughtIwas.”However,in2016,hislifetookabigturnafterthesuddendeathofhisdad.Theblowcausedhimtochallengehimselfevenmorebysolorowingacrossanocean.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthetaskwithoutanypriorprofessionalexperience,Steinbergrealizedhecouldusehisstorytoinspireotherpeopletobelieveinthemselvesandtheirpotentialtochangeandgrow.Recallingthefirstjourneyatsea,hesaid,“Iwassosurprisedbyhowbeautifultheoceanwas,andalsohowmuchplasticIsaw.Soitwasthatrealizationatseathatledmetowanttogobackoutagain.”Inspiredbyhisfirstexpedition,Steinberg’snewmissionistofocusonoceanconservation,andspecificallyoceanplastics.“AlltheplasticIsawatseawasjustheartbreaking,”hesaid.TheupcomingvoyagewillbepartofanattempttobreakaGuinnessWorldRecord.Nevertheless,breakingrecordsisn’thispriority.“Personally,althoughaworldrecordisexciting,that’snotwhyI’minit.Theworldrecordisfunformediaattention,butthroughitwecangetmoredonations,supportandactionforoceanplastics,”Steinbergsaid.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutSteinbergfromparagraphs3and4?A.Hesufferedacademically.B.Hewasexpertinextremesports.C.Hegainedconfidencefrommotivatingothers.D.Heturnedtochallengingtasksinfaceofdifficulties.5.WhydidSteinberggoonthefirstadventureatsea?A.Torecoverfromthestateofdepression.B.Torelievethepainofhisfather’spassing.C.Toinspireotherpeopletofulfiltheirdreams.D.Tochallengehimselftoachievetheimpossible.6.WhatisSteinberg’smainpurposeinsettingoffforthesecondexpedition?A.Tobreakaworldrecord. B.Toestablishagoodreputation.C.Tocontributetooceanprotection. D.Tourgegovernmentstotakeaction.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesSteinberg?A.Stubbornandambitious. B.Self-centeredandsympathetic.C.Determinedandknowledgeable. D.Responsibleandcourageous.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了一名36歲的男子Steinberg正試圖創(chuàng)造一項新的記錄，他計劃從夏威夷劃船5000英里到達澳大利亞，并致力于拯救地球?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Steinbergbegantoexperiencedepressionwhilehewasincollege.Atthetime,hefoundasolutionbyparticipatinginendurancesports.(斯坦伯格在大學期間開始經(jīng)歷抑郁癥。當時，他通過參加耐力運動找到了解決方案)”以及第四段的“However,in2016,hislifetookabigturnafterthesuddendeathofhisdad.Theblowcausedhimtochallengehimselfevenmorebysolorowingacrossanocean.(然而，在2016年，父親突然去世后，他的生活發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)折。這一打擊使他獨自劃船橫渡大海，對自己提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，Steinberg每次面對困難，他并沒有放棄，而是更加挑戰(zhàn)自己。故選D?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“However,in2016,hislifetookabigturnafterthesuddendeathofhisdad.Theblowcausedhimtochallengehimselfevenmorebysolorowingacrossanocean.

(然而，在2016年，父親突然去世后，他的生活發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)折。這一打擊使他獨自劃船橫渡大海，對自己提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，為了減輕他父親去世的痛苦，Steinberg第一次海上探險。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Recallingthefirstjourneyatsea,hesaid,“Iwassosurprisedbyhowbeautifultheoceanwas,andalsohowmuchplasticIsaw.Soitwasthatrealizationatseathatledmetowanttogobackoutagain.”Inspiredbyhisfirstexpedition,Steinberg’snewmissionistofocusonoceanconservation,andspecificallyoceanplastics.(回憶起第一次海上之旅，他說：“我對海洋的美麗和我看到的塑料數(shù)量感到非常驚訝。正是在海上的這一認識讓我想再次回到大海。”斯坦伯格的新使命是專注于海洋保護，特別是海洋塑料)”可知，Steinberg出發(fā)進行第二次探險的主要目的是為海洋保護做出貢獻。故選C。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TezSteinberg,ofBoulder,Colorado,planstoleaveHawaiionDecember20onhissolotripacrossthePacificOcean.Actually,it’sthesecondlegofanadventurethatbeganin2020whenherowedsolofor71daysfromMonterey,California,toOahu,Hawaii.(科羅拉多州博爾德市的泰茲·斯坦伯格計劃于12月20日離開夏威夷，獨自穿越太平洋。事實上，這是他從2020年開始的一次冒險的第二站，當時他獨自劃船71天，從加利福尼亞州的蒙特利到夏威夷的瓦胡島)”以及最后一段“Theworldrecordisfunformediaattention,butthroughitwecangetmoredonations,supportandactionforoceanplastics,”Steinbergsaid.(媒體關(guān)注世界紀錄很有趣，但通過它，我們可以為清除海洋塑料獲得更多的捐款、支持和行動)”可知，Steinberg已經(jīng)開始劃船獨自穿越太平洋的計劃，而且他穿越太平洋的目的是保護海洋，減少塑料垃圾。由此可推知，他是一個勇敢且有責任心的人。故選D。CWhilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!Haveyouevercaughtayawnfromsomeoneelse?Mostpeoplehave.Accordingtoonepreviousstudy,apersonissixtimesmorelikelytoyawnafterseeingsomeoneelsedoso.Expertshavedonemanystudiesintowhyyawnsseemtopassfrompersontoperson.Asaresult,expertshaveafewtheoriesforthereasonbehindit.Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.Anotherpopulartheoryisthatyawnsareinfectiousthankstosocialrelationships.Humansareundoubtedlysocialcreatures.Theyformfriendships,startfamilies,andlivetogetheringroups.That’swhymanypeoplemirrorothers,suchassmilingwhenanotherpersondoesso.Yawningmaybejustanotherexampleofthis.Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.Theanswercouldevenbethatyawnsaren’ttrulyinfectiousatall.Instead,peoplemayyawnwhenthey’etogethersimplybecausethey‘reinthesameenvironment.Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.8.Whatkindofbehaviormaybecopiedbythemirrorneurons?A.Unimportantbutattractive. B.Usefulandbeneficial.C.Hardtounderstand. D.Easytocopy.9.Whoseyawnsarepeoplemostlikelytocopyaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Theoneswhoyawnalot. B.Theoneswhoarefriendlytothem.C.Theonescloselyconnectedwiththem. D.Theonessharingthesameinterestwiththem.10.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Sometipsonyawninginpublic. B.Arealexplanationforinfectiousyawning.C.Otherexamplesofanimalsyawningtogether. D.Furtherstudiesofinfectiousyawninginhumans.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyyawnsareinfectious. B.Whatcausespeopletoyawn.C.Whoyawnsmorethanothers. D.Whetheryawnsareinfectious.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)于打哈欠會傳染的理論?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Onepossibleexplanationhastodowithsomethingcalledsocialmirroring.Thisiscausedbymirrorneurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元)inthebrain.Thesecellshelpthebrainnoticeusefulbehaviorofothersandthencopyit.Whenonepersonseesanotherpersonyawning,hismirrorneuronsobservetheactionandinterpretitasbeneficialbehavior.Thatmaycausehimtoyawn,too.(一種可能的解釋與所謂的社交鏡像有關(guān)。這是由大腦中的鏡像神經(jīng)元引起的。這些細胞幫助大腦注意到他人的有用行為，然后復制它。當一個人看到另一個人打哈欠時，他的鏡像神經(jīng)元會觀察到這個動作，并將其解釋為有益的行為。這也可能導致他打哈欠。)”可知，鏡像神經(jīng)元可以復制有用和有益的行為。故選B項。【9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Infact,researchhasshownthatpeoplearemostlikelytocatchacaseoftheyawnsfromanotherpersonifthetwoshareasocialrelationship.(事實上，研究表明，如果一個人和另一個人有著共同的社會關(guān)系，那么他們最有可能被對方打哈欠)”可知，人們最容易被那些與他們關(guān)系密切的人的哈欠傳染。故選C項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Expertssaymanythingsmaycauseyawning—includingtemperatureandtime.Possiblecausesmaybeexperiencedbyanyoneinthesamegeneralarea.Whatevertheexplanationis,expertsdoknowthatinfectiousyawnsaren’tlimitedtohumans.OnestudyfoundthatlionsinSouthAfricaalsocaughteachother’syawns.(專家表示，許多因素可能會導致打哈欠，包括溫度和時間。同一地區(qū)的任何人都可能經(jīng)歷可能的原因。無論解釋是什么，專家們都知道傳染性哈欠并不局限于人類。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，南非的獅子也會互相打哈欠。)”可推知，在接下來的段落中，作者可能會繼續(xù)談?wù)撈渌鼊游镆黄鸫蚬返睦?。故選C項。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文及文章第一段“Whilescientistshavemanyideas,thereisnosingleexplanationforwhyhumansyawn.Still,thereisonethingexpertsknowaboutyawns—theyseemtobeinfectious!(雖然科學家們有很多想法，但人類為什么會打哈欠并沒有單一的解釋。不過，專家們對哈欠有一點了解——它們似乎具有傳染性！)”可知，文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)于打哈欠會傳染的理論，故A項Whyyawnsareinfectious.(為什么打哈欠會傳染)適合作為文章的標題。故選A項。DAnartificialintelligence(AI)trainedonpersonaldatacoveringtheentirepopulationofDenmarkcanpredictpeople’schancesofdyingmoreaccuratelythananyexistingmodel,eventhoseusedintheinsuranceindustry.Theresearchersbehindthetechnologysayitcouldalsohaveapositiveimpactonearlypredictionofsocialandhealthproblems.SuneLehmannJorgensenattheTechnicalUniversityofDenmarkandhiscolleaguesusedthedatacoveringvariousaspectsof6millionpeoplefrom2008to2020fromDenmark.Theychangedthedataintowordsthatcouldbeusedtotrainalargelanguagemodel,thesametechnologythatpowersotherAIapps.Thesemodelsworkbylookingataseriesofwordsanddeterminingwhichwordisstatisticallymostlikelytocomenext,basedonvastamountsofexamples.Inasimilarway,theresearchers’Life2vecmodelcanlookataseriesoflifeeventsthatformaperson’shistoryanddeterminewhatismostlikelytohappennext.Inexperiments,Life2vecwastrainedonallbutthelastfouryearsofthedata,whichwasheldbackfortesting.Theresearcherstookdataonagroupofpeopleagedfrom35to65,halfofwhomdiedbetween2016and2020,andaskedLife2vectopredictwholivedandwhodied.Itwas11percentmoreaccuratethananyexistingAImodelusedtopricelifeinsurancepoliciesinthefinanceindustry.Jorgensenbelievesthatthemodelhasconsumedenoughdatathatitislikelytobeabletoshedlightonawiderangeofhealthandsocialtopics.Thismeansitcouldbeusedtopredicthealthissuesandcatchthemearly,orbygovernmentstoreduceinequality.Buthestressesthatitcouldalsobeusedbycompaniesinaharmfulway.“Clearly,ourmodelshouldnotbeusedbyaninsurancecompany,becausethewholeideaofinsuranceisthat,bysharingthelackofknowledgeofsomebodywhoisgoingtobetheunluckypersonstruckbysomeincidentsordeaths,wecankindofsharethisburden,”saysJorgensen.12.WhatmakesLife2vecmorepowerfulinforecastingdeathrisks?A.Itistrainedonvastamountsofdata.B.Itgoesthroughalargenumberoftests.C.ItusesthesametechnologyasotherAIappsdo.D.Itisintendedforthegovernmenttomakepolicies.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shedlighton”inparagraph4mean?A.Revise. B.Recognize. C.Resolve. D.Reveal.14.WhyshouldLife2vecbekeptoutofthehandsofbusinesses?A.Toremovesocialinequality. B.Toguardpublicinterests.C.Tokeepitstechnologyasecret. D.Tomaintainthegovernment’sauthority.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Life2vec:SuperiorToOtherAIAppsB.NewAICanPredictRiskOfEarlyDeathC.AdvancedTechnologyAddressesSocialProblemsD.InsuranceCompanies:KeepAwayFromLife2vec【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了丹麥科學家所研發(fā)的一款新的人工智能模型Life2vec，該模型可以更準確地預測人死亡的風險?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anartificialintelligence(AI)trainedonpersonaldatacoveringtheentirepopulationofDenmarkcanpredictpeople’schancesofdyingmoreaccuratelythananyexistingmodel,eventhoseusedintheinsuranceindustry.(一種人工智能（AI）經(jīng)過涵蓋整個丹麥人口的個人數(shù)據(jù)的訓練，可以比任何現(xiàn)有的模型，甚至是保險業(yè)使用的模型，更準確地預測人們的死亡幾率。)”以及第二段中“SuneLehmannJorgensenattheTechnicalUniversityofDenmarkandhiscolleaguesusedthedatacoveringvariousaspectsof6millionpeoplefrom2008to2020fromDenmark.Theychangedthedataintowordsthatcouldbeusedtotrainalargelanguagemodel,thesametechnologythatpowersotherAIapps.(丹麥技術(shù)大學的蘇恩·萊曼·約根森和他的同事使用了2008年至2020年丹麥600萬人的各個方面的數(shù)據(jù)。他們將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成可用于訓練大型語言模型的單詞，這與其他人工智能應用程序使用的技術(shù)相同。)”可知，Life2vec是基于丹麥600萬人口從2008年至2020年各個方面的個人數(shù)據(jù)來進行訓練的，這使得它在預測人死亡風險方面的能力更加強大。故選A?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語所在句子“Jorgensenbelievesthatthemodelhasconsumedenoughdatathatitislikelytobeableto

shedlighton

awiderangeofhealthandsocialtopics.(Jorgensen認為，該模型已經(jīng)消耗了足夠的數(shù)據(jù)，它很可能能夠shedlighton

廣泛的健康和社會主題。)”中的“themodelhasconsumedenoughdatathatitislikelytobeableto

”以及下文“Thismeansitcouldbeusedtopredicthealthissuesandcatchthemearly,orbygovernmentstoreduceinequality.(這意味著它可以用來預測健康問題并及早發(fā)現(xiàn)，或者被政府用來減少不平等。)”可知，這個模型使用了足夠多的數(shù)據(jù)，能夠幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)健康、社會等各方面存在的問題，劃線短語shedlighton在句中表達的意思為“揭露，使（問題）被發(fā)現(xiàn)”與reveal表達的意思一致。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Buthestressesthatitcouldalsobeusedbycompaniesinaharmfulway.“Clearly,ourmodelshouldnotbeusedbyaninsurancecompany,becausethewholeideaofinsuranceisthat,bysharingthelackofknowledgeofsomebodywhoisgoingtobetheunluckypersonstruckbysomeincidentsordeaths,wecankindofsharethisburden,”saysJorgensen.(但他強調(diào)，它也可能被公司以有害的方式使用。Jorgensen說：“很明顯，我們的模型不應該被保險公司使用，因為保險的整個理念是，通過共擔缺乏對那些將成為某些事件或死亡的不幸者的了解，我們可以分擔這種負擔”)”可知，Jorgensen強調(diào)Life2vec也可能被公司以有害的方式使用，保險的本質(zhì)在于分擔風險，如果保險公司利用這個模型預測誰會遭遇不幸事件或死亡就違背了保險互助的理念；Jorgensen他以保險公司為例說明這些公司會為了自己的利益而犧牲公眾的利益；由此可知，Life2vec不應該為商業(yè)所用是為了保護公眾的利益。故選B。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Anartificialintelligence(AI)trainedonpersonaldatacoveringtheentirepopulationofDenmarkcanpredictpeople’schancesofdyingmoreaccuratelythananyexistingmodel,eventhoseusedintheinsuranceindustry.Theresearchersbehindthetechnologysayitcouldalsohaveapositiveimpactonearlypredictionofsocialandhealthproblems.(一種人工智能(AI)經(jīng)過涵蓋整個丹麥人口的個人數(shù)據(jù)的訓練，可以比任何現(xiàn)有的模型，甚至是保險業(yè)使用的模型，更準確地預測人們的死亡幾率。這項技術(shù)的研究人員表示，它還可以對社會和健康問題的早期預測產(chǎn)生積極影響。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了丹麥科學家所研發(fā)的一款新的人工智能模型Life2vec，它能夠更準確地預測人的死亡風險，還可以對社會和健康問題的早期預測產(chǎn)生積極影響；B選項“NewAICanPredictRiskOfEarlyDeath(新的人工智能可以預測過早死亡的風險)”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作為最佳標題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Nothingmakesorbreaksacampingtripmorethanhowcomfortableyouareatnight,andkeepingwarmisapriorityinmostseasons.____16____.Herearesomeimportanttipsforhowtostaywarminatent.SetyourtentupproperlyOnafineday,itmayfeelunnecessarytoputacampingtarp(防水油布)underyourtent,ortoputthetopflysheeton.____17____.Flysheetshelptoavoidrainintothetent’sinnerlayer,soit’simportanttofixthemproperly.Getaseason-appropriatesleepingbagLightweightsleepingbagsareusuallyonlyappropriateforsummercamping.____18____.Winter-weightsleepingbagsareoftenverythickorheavyandareusuallycolyappropriateifyou’regoingcampingintemperaturesthatdropbelowfreezingovernight.____19____Whatevertheseason,you’relikelytogetsweatywhenwalkinginthedaytime.Asidefromitfeelingunpleasanttosleepinclothesthataredirtyandsweaty,it`salsopotentiallydangeroustogotobedwearingdampclothes.Keepaseparatesetofsleepingclotheswhenyou’rebackpackingsothatyoucanprotectyourselffromgettingwetatallcosts.SeparateyourtentwithcarpetsormatsSeparatingyourtentwithcarpetsormatsisagoodwayofkeepingyourtentwarm.Thisisanespeciallygoodideaifyoudon’thavetheworld’sgreatestsleepingbag.____20____.A.WeardifferentnightclothesB.ChoosemoresuitablesportsclothesC.TherearevariouswaysyoucanheatatentD.YourequipmentplaysavitalroleinstayingwarmE.ThesecanbelaidonthefloororbeneathyoursleepingbagF.However,thesearebothimportantwaysofseparatingyourtentG.Thickersleepingbagsmaybemorecomfortableinwintercamping【答案】16.D17.F18.G19.A20.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹在帳篷中保暖的重要技巧，包括正確搭建帳篷、選擇適合季節(jié)的睡袋、更換干燥的睡衣以及使用地毯或墊子分隔帳篷等方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Nothingmakesorbreaksacampingtripmorethanhowcomfortableyouareatnight,andkeepingwarmisapriorityinmostseasons.(沒有什么比夜晚的舒適程度更能決定一次露營之旅的成敗，在大多數(shù)季節(jié)里，保暖都是頭等大事)”指出露營時保暖的重要性，D項“Yourequipmentplaysavitalroleinstayingwarm(你的裝備在保暖方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用)”將話題引向“裝備”，進而引出下文“Herearesomeimportanttipsforhowtostaywarminatent.(這里有一些關(guān)于如何在帳篷里保暖的重要建議)”中“如何在在帳篷里保暖”這一話題，三個句子中都提到“保暖”這一概念，上下文語意連貫。故選D項。【17題詳析】上文“Onafineday,itmayfeelunnecessarytoputacampingtarp(防水油布)underyourtent,ortoputthetopflysheeton.(在晴朗的日子里，你可能覺得沒有必要在帳篷下面放一塊防水油布，或者把最上面的帆布蓋上)”提到晴朗的日子，可能會覺得沒有必要使用防水油布和遮陽帆布，F(xiàn)項“However,thesearebothimportantwaysofseparatingyourtent(然而，這兩個都是隔開帳篷的重要方法)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明使用防水油布和遮陽帆布的重要性，句中“both”指代上文中“putacampingtarp(防水油布)underyourtent,ortoputthetopflysheeton”，上下文語意連貫。故選F項?！?8題詳析】上文“Lightweightsleepingbagsareusuallyonlyappropriateforsummercamping.(輕便的睡袋通常只適合夏季露營)”介紹了輕便睡袋只適合夏季露營，G項“Thickersleepingbagsmaybemorecomfortableinwintercamping(冬季露營時，厚一點的睡袋可能會更舒服)”承接上文，說明冬季露營需要厚一點的睡袋，引出下文“Winter-weightsleepingbagsareoftenverythickorheavyandareusuallycolyappropriateifyou’regoingcampingintemperaturesthatdropbelowfreezingovernight.(冬季睡袋通常很厚或很重，如果你要在氣溫低于冰點的地方過夜，那么睡袋通常很適合)”對冬季睡袋的介紹，上下文語意連貫。故選G項?！?9題詳析】設(shè)空句是段首小標題。根據(jù)下文“Whatevertheseason,you’relikelytogetsweatywhenwalkinginthedaytime.Asidefromitfeelingunpleasanttosleepinclothesthataredirtyandsweaty,it’salsopotentiallydangeroustogotobedwearingdampclothes.Keepaseparatesetofsleepingclotheswhenyou’rebackpackingsothatyoucanprotectyourselffromgettingwetatallcosts.(無論什么季節(jié)，你都可能在白天走路時出汗。除了穿著臟兮兮、汗津津的衣服睡覺會讓人不舒服之外，穿著潮濕的衣服睡覺也有潛在的危險。當你背包旅行時，準備一套單獨的睡衣，無論如何，這樣你就可以保持干燥)”可知，本段主要建議要單獨帶的睡衣。故A項“Weardifferentnightclothes(換睡衣)”是本段最佳小標題。故選A項?！?0題詳析】上文“Separatingyourtentwithcarpetsormatsisagoodwayofkeepingyourtentwarm.(用地毯或墊子把帳篷隔開是保持帳篷溫暖的好方法)”提出用地毯或墊子把帳篷隔開，E項“Thesecanbelaidonthefloororbeneathyoursleepingbag(這些可以放在地上或睡袋下面)”承接上文，介紹地毯或墊子的用法，句中“These”指代上文中“carpetsormats”。故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AtaxidriverspeciallygaveafreeridetoamotherandherlittleboyTylerwhohadasuddenattackofanillnessontheroad.18yearslater,atouching____21____followed.66-year-oldCarlbookedataxitothehospital.Hehad____22____fromworkandhaddevelopedhealth____23____duetooldage.Hewaswaitingoutsidehishousewhenataxiapproachedhim____24____.Carlwavedattheyoungdriver.Hegotinand____25____thedrivertodrophimoffatthehospital.Theydidn’t____26____muchduringthehalf-hourdrive.WhenCarl____27____hiswallet,hefoundhehadnocash.“Hey,doyouacceptcards?”hebrokethesilence,onlytobe____28____totearsbytheyoungdriver’sreply.“Sir,youdon’thavetopayme.AllthetripsImaketothehospitalarefree!”Carlwasgreatly____29____andasked,“Free?Butwhy?”Thedriversmiled,“WhenIwaslittle,Isufferedfromanattackinneedof____30____treatmentontheroad,andakindtaxidriverdrovemetothehospitalforfreeand____31____mylife.Mymothertoldmethedrivernever____32____fortripstothehospital.His____33____inspiredme,soIdothesame!”Carl’sheartfeltlighterandhappier.“What’syourname,youngman?”heinquiredthedriver.Andtearsofjoy____34____hiseyeswhenthedriversaid,“MynameisTyler.”Bethelightthathelpsothers____35____thedarkestoftimes.21.A.memory B.encounter C.photo D.movie22.A.concluded B.escaped C.recovered D.retired23.A.problems B.characteristics C.concerns D.tendencies24.A.secretly B.desperately C.unexpectedly D.slowly25.A.encouraged B.appointed C.reminded D.warned26.A.struggle B.communicate C.cooperate D.worry27.A.checked B.received C.bought D.recognized28.A.frightened B.saddened C.moved D.excited29.A.disappointed B.astonished C.annoyed D.ashamed30.A.emergent B.special C.effective D.painless31.A.witnessed B.affected C.controlled D.saved32.A.provided B.charged C.wished D.prepared33.A.bravery B.patience C.kindness D.politeness34.A.lit B.hurt C.narrowed D.fogged35.A.clearaway B.getaway C.getthrough D.lookthrough【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述18年前，出租車司機Carl把一位母親和她生病的孩子Tyler免費送到醫(yī)院。18年后，Carl和Tyler在出租車里不期而遇。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：18年后，一場感人的邂逅接踵而至。A.memory記憶；B.encounter邂逅；C.photo照片；D.movie電影。由下文“Andtearsofjoyhiseyeswhenthedriversaid,‘MynameisTyler.’”可知，這里指Carl和Tyler在出租車里“邂逅”。故選B項?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他已經(jīng)退休，由于年老而出現(xiàn)了健康問題。A.concluded斷定；B.escaped逃逸；C.recovered恢復；D.retired退休。由上文“66-year-oldCarl”可知，Carl年齡已經(jīng)很大了，所以這里指他已經(jīng)“退休”。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他已經(jīng)退休，由于年老而出現(xiàn)了健康問題。A.problems問題；B.characteristics特征；C.concerns關(guān)心；D.tendencies傾向。由下文“drophimoffatthehospital”可知，這里指Carl擁有健康“問題”。故選A項?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他正在屋外等車，這時一輛出租車慢慢向他駛來。A.secretly秘密地；B.desperately拼命地；C.unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.slowly慢速地。由下文“Carlwavedattheyoungdriver”以及語境可知，這里指一輛出租車“慢速地”過來，所以Carl招手讓它停下。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他上了車，提醒司機把他送到醫(yī)院。A.encouraged鼓勵；B.appointed任命；C.reminded提醒；D.warned警告。由下文“drophimoffatthehospital”可知，這里指Carl“提醒”司機把他送到醫(yī)院。故選C項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在半小時的車程中，他們沒怎么交流。A.struggle斗爭；B.communicate交流；C.cooperate合作；D.worry擔心。由下文“duringthehalf-hourdrive”以及下文的交流情況可知，這里指前面Carl和司機沒有“交流”。故選B項?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當Carl查看他的錢包時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他沒有現(xiàn)金。A.checked查看；B.received收到；C.bought買；D.recognized認出來。由下文“hefoundhehadnocash”可知，這里指Carl“查看”他錢包。故選A項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他打破了沉默，卻被年輕司機的回答感動得流下了眼淚。A.frightened使驚嚇；B.saddened使悲傷；C.moved感動；D.excited使激動。由下文“AllthetripsImaketothehospitalarefree!”可知，這里指Carl可以免費坐車去醫(yī)院，這讓他幾乎“感動”到快哭了。故選C項?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Carl非常驚訝，問道：“免費？但為什么？”A.disappointed感到失望的；B.astonished驚訝的；C.annoyed惹惱的；D.ashamed慚愧的。由下文“Butwhy”可知，Carl對免費感覺很“驚訝”。故選B項?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：小時候，我在路上突發(fā)疾病，需要緊急治療，一位好心的出租車司機免費開車送我去醫(yī)院，救了我一命。A.emergent緊急的；B.special特殊的；C.effective有效的；D.painless無痛的。由上文“sufferedfromanattack”可知，這里指突發(fā)疾病，所以需要“緊急的”治療。故選A項?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：小時候，我在路上突發(fā)疾病，需要緊急治療，一位好心的出租車司機免費開車送我去醫(yī)院，救了我一命。A.witnessed目擊；B.affected影響；C.controlled受控；D.saved拯救。由上文“sufferedfromanattack”可知，Tyler突發(fā)疾病，而司機及時送他去醫(yī)院“拯救”了他一命。故選D項?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我母親告訴我，司機去醫(yī)院從來沒有收費。A.provided提供；B.charged收費；C.wished希望；D.prepared準備。由上文“AllthetripsImaketothehospitalarefree!”以及下文“soIdothesame!”可知，當時司機Carl送Tyler去醫(yī)院時沒有“收費”。故選B項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的善良激勵了我，所以我也這么做！A.bravery勇敢；B.patience耐心；C.kindness善良；D.politeness禮貌。由上文“thedriverneverfortripstothehospital”可知，這里指Carl的“善良”激勵了Tyler。故選C項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：喜悅的淚水模糊了他的眼睛當司機說：“我叫Tyler?！盇.lit點亮；B.hurt傷害；C.narrowed縮??；D.fogged使……變模糊。由上文“onlytobetotearsbytheyoungdriver’s