2024北京高三一模英語匯編：閱讀表達(dá)

2024北京高三一模英語匯編

閱讀表達(dá)

一、閱讀表達(dá)

(2024北京門頭溝高三一模)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在指定區(qū)域作答。

Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedforblue-collarworkers.Overthecourseofthe20lhcentury,theworking-

classpantshavetransformedintofashioniconsandbecomepopulararoundtheworld.However,eachnewpairyou

buyhasamuchhighercost(hanyoumightthink.

Everypairofjeanstakesabout0.7kilogramsofcotton.Growingthismuchcottonrequiresroughly10,000liters

ofwater,nottomentionvariousherbicidesandpesticides,whichcanpollutegroundwater.Typically,plasticfibers

aremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortandflexibility.Inordertodyethecloth,chemicalspraysandseveral

cyclesofacid-washingareadopted,dischargingtoxicpollutantsintorversandeven(urn(hemintoindigo-blue.Also,

therearethezippers,buttons,andrivetsmadeofcopperandothermetals,whoseminingisyetano:hcrsourceof

environmentaldegradation.Allinall,(hemanufacturing(制造)processforasinglepairofjeansemitsover33

kilogramsofcarbon—theequivalentofdrivingover110kilometers.

Likemanygloballyproducedproducts,jeansaremadeinpoorcountriesandboughtinrichones.Muchofthe

world'scottonisgrownindevelopingcountries,withpoorlaborpracticesandfewprotectionsfbrworkers.Cotton

hereisoftenpickedbychildrenorforcedlabor.And(heirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduring

production.Becauseofthefast-pacedandroughmanufacturingwithunnaturalmaterials,today,mostpairslastno

longerthanayear.Likemostwaste,discardedjeansendupinlandfills,where(heirdecompositionreleases

greenhousegas.Somegovernmentsarcpursuingpoliciestomakecompaniesmoreresponsiblefbrworkerpayand

welfare,butunsustainablepracticesstillruncrazythroughout(hefashionindustry.

1.Whomaybethefirstconsumersofjeans?

2.Whyareplasticfibersusedwhenpairsofjeansaremade?

3.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Jeansarcmadeinpoorcountries,whereworkers'healthiswellprotected.

4.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoreducethedamagecausedbyjeans?(Inabout40words)

(2024北京延慶高三一模)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。

Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,

whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth.Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecan

useittoourbenefit.

Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength.Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesome

degreeofmentalstress.Ofcourse,unpleasantandabusetendtocausemoreharmthangood,buttheexperienceof

occasionalanxiety,stress,andtensionsubstantiallyincreasesouremotionalcourage.

Anxietycanincreaseyouremotionalconnection.Clinicalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswith

ourlovedonesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.Whenmypatientslearntoopenupand

sharetheiranxietieswiththeirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.

Anxietycanhelpusrebalance.Whenwefeelgenuinelyanxiousbecauseofstress,it'sourbody'swayoftelling

ustorebalance.Nobodyistrulylimitless.Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeour

weaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.

Anxietycanbeahealthy,helpfulemotionthatisaconstructiveaspectofhumanlife.Whenitcomestooccasional

experienceofanxiety,itcanemotionallyhelpboostourcourage.Itcanalsobuildupemotionalconnectionwhenwe

expressoursensitivefeelingstoothers.Andintheformofstress,itcanserveasaninternalindicatortoremain

balancedandhealthy.Nowit'shightimewestartedputtingittogooduse.

5.Whyisanxietynotdeadly?

6.Whencananxietyincreaseouremotionalconnection?

7.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?

Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedand

healthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious.

8.Asastudent,howdoyoumakeuseoftestanxietytohelpyoubebetterpreparedforexams?（Inabout40

words）

（2024北京東城高三一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在指定區(qū)域作答。

Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest（棉花糖實驗）.

Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwailalittlewhile,

andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfor

two.

Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinli佗，childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlife

outcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethose

childrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat'swhytheyareso

successfullater.

Butwhatifthebehaviorinihemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?

A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyarc

accustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustom

ofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.

Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerin

themarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.

Butthisisn'tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybe

theydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.

IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycan

unv/rap（heirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmereoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresents

immediately.

Giventheseculturaldifferences,scientistsexpectedthatiftheyranthetestwithgiftsinsteadofmarshmallows,

Americankidswouldwaitlonger.Onceagain,theirhypothesiswasconect.

Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifa

childwaitsonlyfewminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutmuchlongertounwrapagift,canwereally

saythatchildlacksself-control?Idon'tthinkso.Ithinkitjustmeansthattheyareadjustingwelltotheirsocial

settings.

9.Accordingtotheresearchers,whydochildrenwhowaitlongerhavebetterlifeoutcomes?

10.Whatwasthepurposeofthe2022study?

11.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Whenscientistsranthetestwithgifts,Americankidsbehavedthesameastheydidinthetestwith

marshmallows.

12.Besidesthecasesmentionedinthepassage,pleasegiveoneortwoexamplesloshowhowcultureshapesyour

behavior.(Inabout40words)

(2024北京西城高三一模)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在指定區(qū)域作答。

Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantlylookingfornew

waystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorother

naturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?

AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthemental

wellbeingofpeople.Takingatripioplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirds

singingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsonicmentalhealthconditions.Andit'snotjustbirdsthat

couldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcompared(heeffectsof

woodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation(冥想)apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasother

woodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%

morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentle

wind,andlightrainfall.

However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysideto

seebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesounds(hatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?Accordingtoresearch

byCaliforniaPulylculiniuStaleUniverily,evenaicuordingofllicsoundsofbirdshadapiofuundeffectunpeople's

mood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheir

wellbeing.

So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccess(hewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawood

orviasonicheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyou

tor^laxafteralong,hardday.

13.WhatdidthestudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022find?

14.HowdidtheNationalTrustconductthestudy?

15.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehave

thesameeffectonpeople'smood.

16.Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,whatdoyouusuallydotohelpyourelaxinyourdailylife?(In

about40words)

(2024北京石景山高三一模)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在指定區(qū)域作答。

Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouarc12yearsold.ButMarineGill,agirl

fromFresno,California,wonthelopawardintheScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge(SIIC)fordesigningafire

detectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.

Marine'sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhoodduringthespringof

2023."Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,"shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearly

morningfire,whichstartedinthekitchen.*'Theyhadsmokedetectingdevice(設(shè)備),andyetitstillburned

dov/n."

Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Marinespentoverhalfayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatcould

havepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.

Marine'sthermal(熱的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.

Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfor

tenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Thehardestpartwastheprogramming.*'Ihadtwodesigns,andmy

firs:designcompletelyfailed.Itwasareallybigchallenge1hadtogothrough,"shesaid.Thefinaldevice

outperformstraditionalsmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Marinewantstobringthecostsdowntomakeit

evenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.

"Thetopwinnershave,exhibitedboundlesspossibility,"MayaFranklin,presidentofSocietyforScience,said

inthepressrelease.*'Thcirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsoputsasteppingstonetoan

excitingnewfuture."

17.WhatdesignwonMarineGillthetopawardintheSJIC?

18.FromwheredidMarinedrawinspirationforthedesign?

19.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Unliketraditionalsmokedetectors,Marine'sthermalimagingdeviceisdesignedtosenseactivefiresfromthe

smokeintheair.

20.WhatisthemainqualitythathasmadeMarineatopwinner?Why?(Inabout40words)

（2024北京豐臺高二一模）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文I可答問題°請在指定區(qū)域作答.

Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedand

interactedwitheachother.Gradually,sheperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundher,laughing

attheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedher

tobeWe'vealldonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayof

interactingwithotherssowecanfeelaccepted.

Inaworld(hatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhymanyofusrelyonsocialmasking.

“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,MsayspsychologistDiptiTait."It'sa

tribal(群體的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.Weallhavecertainmaskstoprotectourselves

fromexposureanddifference.”

Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,itcanalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hiding

ourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternal

conflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswe

struggletounderstandsocialsituaticnsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.

Fortunately,amaskisnotourownskin.Wemayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwantto

spendtimealoneinordertofeellikeourselves.4tThegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,“saysTait.

Tl'scrucialfbrindividualstoreceiveacceptanceandsupportforwhetheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneed(o

hidetheirtrueselvesinordertofitin.”

21.Whatissocialmasking?

22.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?

23.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed.

24.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotofitinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?(Inabout40

words)

參考答案

1.Blue-collarworkers.2.Becausetheycanincreasecomfortandflexibility./Toincreasecomfortand

flexibility.3.Jeansarcmadeirpoorcountries,whereworkers'healthiswellprotected.

Accordingto（hepassage,（heirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.4.Jeans

shouldbemadeoforganiccottonthatdoesn'tusefertilizersandpesticides,whichhasasmallerimpactonthe

environmentandhumanhealth.Second,manufacturercollectdiscardedjeansforrecycling,suchasmanufacturing

environmentallyfriendlyshoppingbagsandotherproducts.

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了牛仔褲很受當(dāng)代人歡迎，但制作牛仔褲的過程會對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生破壞，

牛仔褲在貧窮國家生產(chǎn)，這也對發(fā)展中國家的人民和環(huán)境有害，而廢棄的牛仔褲分解后會釋放出溫室氣

體。

1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第一段中“Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedfbrbluc-collarworkers.Overthecourseof

the20lhcentury,theworking-classpantshavetransformedintofashionicons（第一條牛仔褲是為藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人設(shè)計

的。在20世紀(jì)，工人階級的褲子已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闀r尚偶像）”可知，牛仔褲的第一批消費者是藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人。故答案

為:Bluc-collarworkers.

2.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第二段中“Typically,plasticfibersaremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortand

flexibility.（通常，塑料纖維與棉線混合以增加舒適度和靈活性）”可知，制作牛仔褲時要使用塑料纖維是因

為它們可以增加舒適度和靈活性。故答案為：Becausetheycanincreasecomfortandflexibility./Toincrease

comfortandflexibility.

3.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第三段中“Muchoftheworld'scottonisgrownindevelopingcountries,withpoorlabor

practicesandfewprotectionsforworkers.（世界上大部分棉花種植在發(fā)展中國家，這些國家的勞動慣例很差，

對工人的保護(hù)也很少）"和"Andtheirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.（在生產(chǎn)

過程中，他們的健康可能會受到有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)的威脅）”可知，貧窮國家對工人的保護(hù)很少，在生產(chǎn)過程

中，他們的健康可能會受到有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)的威脅，，工人的健康得不到很好的保護(hù)，“workers，healthiswell

pro：ecied”錯誤。故答案為：Jeansaremadeinpoorcountries,whereworkers'healthiswellDroiecied.According

tothepassage,theirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.

4.考查開放答題。針對如何減少牛仔褲造成的環(huán)境傷害，我建設(shè)：牛仔褲應(yīng)該由不使用化肥和殺蟲劑的

有機(jī)棉制成，這對環(huán)境和人類健康的影響較小。其次，制造商匕以收集廢棄的牛仔褲進(jìn)行回收，例如制造

環(huán)保購物袋和其他產(chǎn)品。故答案為：Jeansshouldbemadeoforganiccottonthatdoesn'tusefertilizersand

pcsiicidcs,whichhasasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Second,manufacturercollect

discardedjeansforrecycling,suchasmanufacturingenvironmentallyfriendlyshoppingbagsandotherproducts.

5.Becausebeingabletofeelanxiojsshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorof

brainandsensoryhealth.6.Whenweshareouranxietieswithcurlovedones.7.Whenwepayattention

tocurinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomore

stressedandanxious.

Becauseaccordingtothepassage,whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,we

emergelessstressedandanxious.

8.Icanusetestanxietytomotivatemyselftostudyharderandbebetterpreparedforexamsbyreminding

myselfoftheimportanceofdoingwellandtheconsequencesofnotbeingprepared.

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇議論文。文章就“焦慮.'這一話題展開了論述，分析了焦慮的積極作用和如何利用焦慮。

5.

考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第?段"Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourHght-or-

flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoiyhealth.（焦慮并不是致命的，因為能夠感到

焦慮表明我們的戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑系統(tǒng)在運作，這是大腦和感官健康的一個指標(biāo)。）“可知，作者認(rèn)為焦慮并不是致

命的，因為能夠感到焦慮表明我們的戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑系統(tǒng)在運作，這是大腦和感官健康的一個指標(biāo)。故答案為

Becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrain

andsensoryhealth.

6.

考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段”C據(jù)icalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswithourlovedonesis

oneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.WhenmypaiientslearntoopenupandshareIheiranxieties

withtheirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.（臨床科學(xué)已經(jīng)確定,與我們

所愛的人分享我們的焦慮是建立聯(lián)系的最有效策略之一。當(dāng)我的病人學(xué)會敞開心犀，與伴侶分享他們的焦慮

時，他們幾乎總是報告一種更大的情感聯(lián)系。戶可知，研究表明當(dāng)我們與自己所愛的人分享焦慮時就可以建

立更大的情感聯(lián)系。故答案為Whenweshareouranxietieswithourlovedones.

7.

考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段“Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,we

emergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.（當(dāng)我們注意到我們的內(nèi)在暗示并承

認(rèn)我們的弱點時，我們會變得更加專注和健康，也會減少壓力和焦慮。）“可知，當(dāng)我們注意到我們的內(nèi)在暗

示并承認(rèn)我們的弱點時，我們會變得更加專注和健康，也會減少壓力和焦慮。由此可知，原句：Whenwepay

attentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroveralland

alsomorestressedandanxious.中的“andalsomorestressedandanxious”表述錯誤，應(yīng)該是“andalsolessstressed

andanxious."。故答案為Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemerge

morefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious.

Becauseaccordingtothepassage,whenwcpayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,wc

emergelessstressedandanxious.

8.

開放題。要求考生談?wù)勛约簩绾卫每荚嚱箲]來幫助自己更好地準(zhǔn)備考試，考生言之有理即可。故參考

答案為Icanusetestanxietytomotivatemyselftostudyharderandbebetterpreparedforexamsbyreminding