中考-完形填空

完型填空題的命題特點1.材料長短適當，貼近時代，貼近生活所選的短文的長短一般是130—180詞。太短的材料信息量小，測試不出學生的水平；太長的材料則會增加學生的閱讀負擔；語言難度適中、原汁原味；題材內容積極向上，有時代感，有教育意義，與學生認知水平、理解能力生活體驗基本相吻合。2.實詞為主，虛詞為輔命題人設置備選詞時，多以實詞為主，實詞占70%左右。實詞包括名詞、動詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、代詞。虛詞占得比重較?。ü谠~、連詞、介詞），占30%左右，單詞為主、短語為輔。一般完型填空題的分值為10分，每空1分。每一考點的設置都充分體現(xiàn)了英語課程標準和考試說明的要求。3.布空均衡、科學合理命制這種形式的試題時，命題人員根據(jù)考查目的來確定在什么地方挖空，而不是根據(jù)固定的單詞的數(shù)每隔幾個單詞挖一個空。句子的首句一般不設空。文章的首句常是解題的指南；末句“道破天機”也是為幫助考生理解文章大意提供了線索。4.立足語言理解，測試綜合能力完型填空題既是對學生閱讀理解能力的考查又是對學生綜合運用語言能力的考查。它要求學生從語篇層次上整體把握語言材料，在閱讀理解的基礎上進行邏輯推理，根據(jù)上下文提示判斷所缺單詞，然后進行正確地選擇或填寫。完型填空題解題步驟1.完型填空解題步驟三步走：通覽—試填—復核第一步：著眼大局，速讀全文。用3~4分鐘，以略讀方式快速瀏覽全文，從語篇整體上了解文章的主題、文體特點，找出文章的句與句以及段與段之間的邏輯關系。第二步：逐句通讀全文，各個擊破，做到通讀與猜測并行。對含義明顯的詞匯、固定搭配或習慣用法、常用句式等純知識問題，可以邊讀邊猜測答案。針對在通讀過程中未能輕易猜出答案的題目，利用上下文及字里行間的線索來猜測答案。第三步：檢查核實，通讀選定答案后的全文。此時的文章是一個語法結構正確，用詞準確，上下文邏輯關系嚴密，主題突出，內容充實，意思連貫的整體。2.從以下幾方面對所選答案進行核查：1.）所選的單詞或短語是否符合本句內容，是否使上下文連貫和諧，是否與全文意思一致。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞和句。這些詞有可能是同義詞或反義詞，也可能是同根詞。（1）Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood______.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time(2)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery______.A.deepB.highC.coldD. dangerous2.）所選的單詞或短語是否符合某種固定搭配。包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內容選擇正確的短語。Washingtonwasnamed_______GeorgeWashington,thefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after3.）所選的單詞或短語是否符合某種句型、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的特殊要求。4.）所選詞本身或附近詞有無特殊要求，如有些動詞后面只接動名詞而不能接不定式等。3.具體操作中應注意的問題；1）看清上下文，找準定位名詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如：（1）Somepartsofthewaterareshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery_______.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous(2)Mrs.O’Neillasked______questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more2.）順序邏輯，尋求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內容選擇正確的短語。例如：Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself______somuchmoneyA.forB.byC.toD.of3.）扎實基礎，辨別差異4）.看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞Andvideocamerascanbeusedto______people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch5）.尋求上下邏輯，從容確定關系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon_______Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as中考英語完型填空解題技巧與訓練策略完型填空題實際上是恢復原貌式的閱讀理解題，短文結構嚴謹，段落清楚，而且首句一般不挖空，便于學生依據(jù)首句提示進行整體理解。解答完型填空題要求學生具備快速閱讀的各種能力和技巧，如視讀、跳讀、查讀、猜詞等。一、側重基礎知識，考查語言知識的掌握能力完型填空題以文入手，結合文章內容考查基礎語言知識，主要是考查學生詞語搭配，近義詞辯異，正確辨析句子結構，掌握語規(guī)則的能力。Hisfriend______theengine(發(fā)動機)andtheplanebegantomoveA.beganB.carriedC.movedD.started此題主要考查學生辨析四個動詞的用法。從句子分析可看出B、C明顯不對，他的朋友不可能“搬運，移動”發(fā)動機。此題實際上市考查學生辨析began和started的用法，這兩個動詞作“開始”解是同義詞，但只有start可表示“發(fā)動，開始”的意思。二、上下對照，考查學生捕捉關鍵詞的能力完形填空題設計時，有時單看一句是得不出正確答案的，需求閱讀下句、甚至若干句后才有 “茅塞頓開|”之感。上下對照，即在上文或下文中找到與正確答案相關的關鍵詞。學生在答題中要有邊讀邊在大腦中儲存上下信息的能力。Firsttheywashtheir______handsinabowlofwater-----theyonlyeatwithrighthandsA.dirtyB.rightC.leftD.big此題四個形容詞填入空格語法都正確，但閱讀下句可發(fā)現(xiàn)right一詞與選項B一詞相對照，且根據(jù)句意可知正確答案為B。三、設置語境，考查分析推理能力完形填空題中，有時答題無上下對照的關鍵詞作參考，而是考查分析前后語境去推理出正確答案。在這種試題中，四個選項填入句中語法、句子結構躲正確，但分析前后語境，就只有一個正確答案。Soonedaywhenafriendcametohishouseandofferedtotakehimforarideinhisownsmallplane,Mr.Leewasvery______excitedB.gratefulC.worriedD.glad從此句看，無法作出正確的選擇，四個形容詞都可表示Mr.Lee的心情。但閱讀下文逐句可看去Mr.Lee害怕坐飛機，正確答案為C四、結合生活，考查學生利用常識解題的能力完形填空題中，有時命題者在完形填空題中考查學生的生活常識，看看學生是否能善于觀察生活，積累生活常識去做出恰當?shù)倪x擇。這類題的設計，四個選項放入句中語法、句子結構都正確，而且不一定需要上下聯(lián)系，而是依據(jù)常識解答。WhensomeoneasksmewhatbusinessIamin,myfacefeels______A.warmB.coolC.hotD.cold該篇完型填空題的短文，描述一個夜總會為歌舞助興提供笑聲的人。當人問他從事什么工作是，他總是難以啟齒，他臉部總會有一種“感覺”。按常識，人感到害羞，不好意思等，臉就“發(fā)熱、發(fā)燒、發(fā)燙”，或“臉紅”，所以正確答案是C。其他答案的形容詞不適合這種臉部的感覺。五、關注連詞，考查對行文邏輯、句子關聯(lián)的理解能力從近幾年中考英語完型填空題的分析來看，命題者有時就有關聯(lián)詞進行挖空，以此老考查學生通過閱讀能否理解句與句之間的關聯(lián)關系，是否了解行文邏輯的要求，能否掌握英國、轉折、并列、條件、讓步等連詞的用法。Thyareservedinbowlswhicheveryoneshare(共享),eachpersonhastheirownbowlofrice.A.becauseB.thoughC.sinceD.until此篇完形填空談到泰國飲食文化。前句意為“泰國人在共同的碗中就餐”，而后句意為“他們每人都有自己的碗”。前后分析可看出，后句是前句的轉折，所以正確答案為B。完型填空題如何合理確定正確答案根據(jù)上下文確答案。Thereweresomanypeopleonthebusthattherewere(1)emptyseats.Whenayoungmangoton,anoldmanwantedto(2),buttheyoungmanpushedhimbacktohisseat.“Thankyou,”hesaid,“butpleasedon’tdothat,Icanstand.”A.manyB.someC.enoughD.noA.sitdownB.getonC.setoutD.standup[答案]（1）D該題所給的選項是四個形容詞，從單句來看均可和后面的emptyseats搭配。但根據(jù)上文的“thereweresomanypeopleonthebus”來判斷，不可能有many（許多）、some（一些）、enough（足夠的）空位。因此，該題的正確答案應為D。（2）D該題所給的選項是四個動詞短語，根據(jù)下文的“···pushedhimbacktohisseat.”和“Icanstand.”來看，年輕人誤以為老人要給他讓座，所以，該小題的正確答案是D。2.根據(jù)習慣用法或習慣搭配確定答案。It’sSomestudentsaregoing(1)atripwiththeirteacher.(2)theirwaytheyseeabusbehindthem.(1)A.toB.forC.onD.at(2)A.OnB.ByC.AtD.In[答案]（1）C短文是敘述老師領著學生春游的事情。本小題看似“begoingto”結構，其實“goonatrip”是固定搭配，意為“去旅行”，所以應選C項。（2）A該題是習慣用法，表示“再去······的路上”，英語中要用“onone’sway”,而by，in,at都不能用在該短語中，故應選A項。3.運用邏輯推理判斷答案Mr.Brownbegantowalkateightinthemorning.Nowthesunwasabouttoset.Hewastiredandhungry.Hswaswalkingslowlytowardsthe_______andhisshadowlaylongbehindhim.Hehadtolookforaplaceforthenight[答案]B此題所給的選項是四個表示方位的名詞，均可和前面多的介詞“towards(朝著)”搭配，很難判斷哪一個是正確答案。只有運用邏輯推理的方法才能找出正確答案。根據(jù)上文的“太陽就要落山”判斷此時應為下午，太陽是在西方。再根據(jù)下文的“他的影子長長地拖在后面”，就可以推斷出，此時布朗先生正朝著西方慢慢的走著。故選B。4.根據(jù)詞語用法確定答案Alittlecocklivedneartheriver.Onemorningthelittlecock______hisbeautifulclothesandwentforawalkbytheriver.Onhiswayhemetalittleduck.【答案】D該題所給的四個選項是一組同義詞，都表示“穿”。但他們在用法上有所不同。Wear和haveon都可接“衣服”作賓語，意為“穿著”，表示狀態(tài)；puton也可接“衣服”作賓語，意為“穿上”，表示動作；而dress的賓語只能是“人”，而不能是“衣服”。根據(jù)以上分析，再結合原句的意思，可以確定正確答案為D（一）Itisveryimportanttostayhealthy.Ihaveaneighbor.Sheisanoldlady.Shecandoallthehousework,___1newspapers,watchTVandsearchontheInternettolearnsomethingnew.Ioftensee2dotaijiquaninthemorninganddanceintheevening.Shelooksyoungandbeautiful3sheisoverseventy.Lastweekareporterfromamagazineinterviewedherandasked4shekeptsoyoungandhealthy.Sherepliedwithasmile.Ihaveasecretofstayingyoungandhealthy.Itisquite5tokeepyourmindactive,takeaninterestintheworld6you,andlearnatleastonenewthingeveryday.Trytododifferentkindsofhouseworkanddosportsas7asyoucan,Don’tthinkyouaretoooldtogobackto8.Iknowamanwhoenteredamedicalcollegewhenhewas70yearsold.Hestudiedtherefor6yearsandnowheisadoctor.Anothermanwenttoatennisschoolattheageof71andnowheisgoodat9tennis.Somepeoplemaysaystayingyoungiseasyonlyforthosewholiveinthefuture.Infact,nomatterhowoldyouare,youcanmakeit.Pleasetellthestorytoyourfamily.Itwouldbeagoodstartto10thelady’sexample.Ihopeallpeoplewillstayyoungandhealthy.()1.A.lookB.readC.seeD.watch()2.A.herB.himC.otherD.others()3.A.thanB.sinceC.thoughD.because()4.A.whatB.whyC.whoD.how()5.A.earlyB.dearC.easyD.late()6.A.underB.aroundC.aboveD.between()7.A.soonB.busilyC.hardlyD.often()8.A.placeB.songC.schoolD.dance()9.A.buyingB.losingC.sendingD.playing()10.A.followB.giveC.makeD.bring（二）Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus,1airpollution,soilpollution,noisepollutionandlightpollution.Theyarebad2ourhealthinmanyways.Burninggas,oilandcoalcreatesairpollution.Itcancausesoreeyesand3problems.Withtheincreaseofpollutionandthedevelopmentofindustry.Litteriseverywhere.Itmakesourenvironmentdirty.Peopleputlostofrubbishintheland.Farmersusetoomany4inNoisepollutioncanmakepeople5.Forexample,peoplemaylosetheirhearingiftheyworkina6placeforalongtime.Toomuchnoisecancausehighbloodpressure7.Workingforalongtimestrong,changeablelight8causesomekindsofillnesses.Itmakespeoplefeel9andisespeciallybadfortheeyes.With10pollution,ourplanetwillbecomegreenerandourhealthwillbebetter.Let’sbegreenerpeople()1.A.suchasB.forexampleC.aswellasD.becauseof()2.A.toB.inC.forD.of()3.A.breathB.breatheC.breathedD.breathing()4.A.chemicalB.chemicalsC.chemistD.chemistry()5.A.blindB.lameC.deafD.healthy()6.A.noiseB.noisyC.quietD.quietly()7.A.aswellB.tooC.alsoD.either()8.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.may()9.A.comfortableB.possiblyC.terribleD.terribly()10.A.littleB.lessC.fewD.fewer（三）Thesunisgettinghotter.Andthe1seemstobeourmachines.Manymachinesuseoilorcoal,which2agascalledCO3happenswhenyougointoagreenhouseonasunnyday?It’shot,isn’tit?That’s4thegreenhousekeepstheheatthatcomesfromthesun..CO2doesthesamething.ItkeepstheEarthwarm.Withoutit,wewouldfreeze.However,toomuchofitisbadfortheEarth.5moreandmoreCO2beingproduced,theEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer,andtheiceismeltingattheNorthandSouthPole.The6thatmeltswillfilluptheoceanandmakethemoverflowintotheland.Someofthebestlandforgrowingfoodisusually7.Thatmeanstheywillbefloodedfirst.Someofthebiggestcities,likeLondon,willbe8,too.Alotofpeoplewillgohungryandmanymorewillhavenowheretolive.PeoplethatstudytheEarth’sclimatehave9thatastheEarthwarmsup,theweatherisgoingtochangealot.Infact,itishappeningnow.Hurricanes,10,arebecomingmorepowerful.Therainisheavierinsomepartsoftheworldandtherearemorefloods.()1.A.questionB.troubleC.reasonD.answer()2.A.sendsB.producesC.givesD.brings()3.A.WhatB.HowC.WhoD.Where()4.A.howeverB.becauseC.whetherD.although()5.A.ByB.InC.WithD.Under()6.A.iceB.windC.rainD.storm()7.A.highB.lowC.tallD.short()8.A.coveredB.escapedC.runD.flooded()9.A.seenB.heardC.inventedD.found()10.A.forexampleB.infactC.bythewayD.insteadof（四）DearKitty,IamsorrythatIdidnotwritetoyouearlierbecauseIhavebeenverybusy.IwashelpingwithacharityshowtoraisemoneyforProjectGreenHope.Alotofworkneededtobefinished,soIdidnothavemuch1time.IfeltveryhappywhenIwas2asthehost.Itwasexciting,3Iwasalsoverynervous.Iknewthatlotsofpeoplewouldwatchtheshowandthatmanyfamouspop4wouldcome,too.Westartedworkingontheshowhalfayearagosothatwecoulddoeverythingontime.Myjobwasto5eachstarandIalsohadmanyotherduties.Wepracticedalotbeforetheshow,Ihadtorememberto6therightcameraattherighttime.7,IthoughtIwouldneverbe8torememberallthewords,slowly,everythingbecameeasier.Thebigdaycameveryquickly,andIwassoexcited.Twentyminutesbeforethebigevent,we9thedoorsandmanypeoplecameintothetheatretowatchtheshow.Thefansofthepopstarswere10aIwon’tforgetthedayforever.Bestwishes!()1.A.busyB.freeC.nervousD.excited()2.A.improvedB.endedC.chosenD.pulled()3.A.soB.orC.andD.but()4.A.starsB.doctorsC.teachersD.students()5.A.bestB.teachC.introduceD.protect()6.A.lookatB.lookforC.lookthroughD.lookafter()7.A.AfterallB.AtfirstC.AtlastD.Forexample()8.A.ableB.uglyC.sorryD.afraid()9.A.brokeB.openedC.lockedD.closed()10.A.enjoyingB.speakingC.shoutingD.making（五）Whenyoustepintoanewenvironment,youmusthaveastrongwishtofitin.Fittinginmeansmakingmorefriends,1moreinfluence（影響）onothersandgettingmorechancestoliveahappierlife.Hereissome2thatcanhelpyou.Beconfident.Spendsome3thinkaboutyourstrongpointsIfso,youwillbeabletobuilduo4stepbyster.Youwon’thavemuchdifficultyfittingin.BeKind5everyone.Kindnessisabridgetoyourownhappiness.6peoplenoticeyourkindness,theywillreturnitoneday.Alwaysgivemorethanyoureceive,andthinkmoreofothersthanof7.Beoptimistic（樂觀的）.Optimismmakesbothyouandothersfeel8.Itmakesagoodfirstimpression（印象）.Apleasantsmilecoststhe9anddoesthemost.humor（幽默）catchesothers’attentionaswell.Peoplewilllikeyouformakingthemlive10.()1.A.phoningB.gettingC.havingD.catching()2.B.adviceB.IDEASC.expressionsD.characteristics()3.A.nightsB.daysC.timeD.minutes()4.A.disagreementB.pressureC.pointsD.confidence()5.A.toB.atC.inD.with()6.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhenD.Who()7.A.yourselfB.myselfC.itselfD.themselves()8.A.badB.sadC.tiredD.pleased()9.A.leastB.worstC.bestD.quickest()10A.happilyB.sadlyC.boringlyD.movedly（六）Everycanfeelstressedoutbecauseoftoomanyhappeninginyourlife.Teenagers,however,have1opportunitiestogetstressedthanpeopleinanyotheragegroup.Beingateenagerishard.Youarenotachildrenanymore,butyouarenot2,eventhoughyouhavetodealwithsomegrow-upproblemsandmadedecisionsby3.Familiescanbeoneofthebiggestcauses（原因）ofstress,suchasproblemsofarguingwith4orbrothersorsisters.Teenagersalsohavelotsofstressfrom5,eitherfromtheirteachersorfromtheirteachersorfromtheirclassmates.Someteenagersalsofeel6aboutchoosingtheireducationafterhighschool.Gettingaplaceatuniversitycanbeverydifficultandsomecan’t7touniversity.Itishardforsometeenagerstogetajobaftertheygraduate.Therearesomanyyoungpeoplefinishingschool8notenoughjobsforthem.Thoughthereisalotofstress,youcanfindmanywaysto9it.Talkingtopeopleisoneofthebestwaystodealwithstress.Itmaysound10,butitishelpful.()1.A.moreB.fewerC.many()2.A.ababyB.ateenagerC.anadult()3.A.yourselfB.himselfC.myself()4.A.teachersB.parentsC.classmates()5.A.familyB.societyC.school()6.A.relaxedB.stressedC.school()7.A.affordB.offerC.refuse()8.A.andB.butC.or()9.A.agreewithB.talkwithC.dealwith()10.A.simpleB.difficultC.good(七)Ilikeallkindsofchocolate,especiallybitterchocolate.Sowhenmotherhadboughtone.Icouldn’thelpthinkingabout1.IwashelpingFatherintheyardwhensuddenlyIgotanidea.Icouldcutapiece2thatchocolatewithoutanyoneknowingit.Iwaited3Motherwentoutsidefeedingthechickens.ThenItoldFatherIwantedtogoforadrinkofwater.Iwentintotheroomandgotthe4down.JustthenIhadtheknifereadytocut,IheardMothercoming.SoIhadtoputthechocolate5intomyshirt,wenttomyroomand6thechocolatethere.AndthenIwentbackto7Father.Alltherestoftheafternoon,Ididn’tdaretolookatFather.Everytimehespoke,itmademejump.Myhandsbeganshakingandmyheartstarted8fast.Ididn’twantthechocolateanymore.I9wantedtogetachancetoputitback.Haveyoueverhadasimilar10?()1.A.himB.herC.itD.this()2.A.offB.intoC.onD.along()3.A.whileB.afterC.sinceD.until()4.A.waterB.chocolateC.chickenD.shirt()5.A.silentlyB.easilyC.slowlyD.quickly()6.A.hidB.ateC.helpD.returned()7.A.tellB.helpC.findD.call()8.A.fallingB.breakingC.beatingD.jumping()9.A.stillB.hardlyC.justD.never()10.A.experienceB.excuseC.mistakeD.moment（八）MostofushaveheardofthestoryofTarzanoftheApes(《人猿泰山》).Fortoday’skids,thenewDisneyversion(版本)hascomeout,1thetheatreseverywhere.Butdoyou.knowthereisareal-lifeTarzan?AmanfromManc