河南專用2020版中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)專題五介詞課件人教新目標(biāo)版

專題五介詞考點(diǎn)一介詞辨析考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)二介詞的固定搭配考點(diǎn)一介詞辨析考點(diǎn)突破一、時(shí)間介詞1.at多用于具體的鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前,如:atseven,ataquartertoone;也可用于固定搭配

中,如:atnoon,atnight。2.in表示一段時(shí)間,用于年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚

上等前。如:inthetwenty-firstcentury在21世紀(jì),inautumn在秋天,inthemorning

在早上;還可用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后或多久之后”的短語(yǔ)中。3.on主要用在星期幾、具體某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或節(jié)日前。如:onJune1st在6月1日4.since,from和for(1)since指從某時(shí)一直延續(xù)至今,后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),句子用完成時(shí)。如:Hehaslivedheresince1993.從1993年開(kāi)始他一直住在這里。(2)from說(shuō)明開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,謂語(yǔ)可用過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如:Fromnowon,IwilllearnEnglishinthemornings.從今以后,我將在早晨學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(3)for指動(dòng)作延續(xù)貫穿整個(gè)過(guò)程,后接時(shí)間段,句子用完成時(shí)。如:IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年了。5.after(1)after表示以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)的某一段時(shí)間之后,可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:Theyfinishedtheworkaftertwoyears.他們兩年后完成了這項(xiàng)工作。(2)after與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用表示過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間之后。如:I'llringyouupaftertwoo'clock.我會(huì)在兩點(diǎn)后打電話給你。6.“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到……為止”,如果by后跟一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),句子謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如:Wehadlearned1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了1,000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。7.“during+時(shí)間段”與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的動(dòng)作。如:Heliveswithusduringtheseyears.這些年他跟我們一起住。8.until用于否定句中,意為“直到……才”,其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用瞬間性動(dòng)詞;用

在肯定句中,意為“直到……為止”,其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:Ididn'tleaveuntilmymothercamehome.直到我媽媽回家我才離開(kāi)。Iwaitedformymotheruntilshecamehome.我一直等到媽媽回家。9.before和after表示時(shí)間,分別意為“在……之前”和“在……之后”。如:Pleasebringyourhomeworkbeforeteno'clock.請(qǐng)于十點(diǎn)前把你們的作業(yè)帶來(lái)。介詞用法例句in表示在某一范圍之內(nèi)的某方位(屬于該范圍)GuangzhouisinthesouthofChina.廣州位于中

國(guó)的南部。on表示與某地是毗鄰關(guān)系VietnamisonthesouthofChina.越南位于中國(guó)

的南部。to表示在某一范圍之外的某方位(不屬于該范圍)JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)的

東部。二、方位介詞1.表示方位的in,on,to2.over,above和on的用法區(qū)別介詞用法例句over指在……的正上方,表示垂直在上Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有座橋。above泛指在上方,表面不接觸Raiseyourarmsaboveyourhead.把你的手臂舉

過(guò)你的頭。on指在上面,表示兩個(gè)物體接觸Thereisaplateonthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)盤

子。介詞用法例句at表示較小的地點(diǎn)Theyarrivedlateatthebusstop.他們晚到了車

站。in表示較大的地點(diǎn)HelivesinChina.他住在中國(guó)。on表示在一個(gè)平面上Theyareworkingonthefarm.他們正在農(nóng)場(chǎng)干

活。3.at,in和on的用法區(qū)別4.infrontof,inthefrontof和before介詞用法例句infrontof表示“在……前面”(范圍外)Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教

室前面有一些樹(shù)。inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”(范圍內(nèi))Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教

室的前面有一張課桌。before所表示的位置關(guān)系和infrontof相同,表示“在……前,在……前面”Hesitsbeforeme.他坐在我前面。介詞用法例句below表示“在下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂

直在下之意Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.這件外套到了

膝蓋下面。under表示“在……正下方”Therearemanybikesunderthetrees.樹(shù)下有許

多自行車。5.below和under三、其他介詞1.by,in和on表出行方式by:①不涉及表示交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by。如:bysea,byair;②涉及表示交通工

具的名詞,且該名詞為單數(shù)形式,前面沒(méi)有冠詞或任何修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)用by。如:by

ship,byplane。on或in:當(dāng)出行方式涉及特定的交通工具時(shí)用on或in,交通工具前應(yīng)有冠詞、形

容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。在開(kāi)放型或半開(kāi)放型工具前用on,在封

閉型工具前用in。如:onmybike,inacar。2.in,with和by表示“用”時(shí)的區(qū)別in主要表示“用語(yǔ)言、聲音、原材料等”;with表示“用具體有形的東西”;by

表示“用……手段或方式”,后常接動(dòng)名詞。如:CanyousingthissonginEnglish?你能用英語(yǔ)唱這首歌嗎?Iwritemyhomeworkwithapen.我用鋼筆寫作業(yè)。Thegirlmademoneybysellingflowers.這個(gè)女孩通過(guò)賣花賺錢。3.but,besides和except的區(qū)別but表示“除……之外”,常與含否定意義的詞連用;except表示“除……之外

(不再有)”,指從整體中排除except所接的人或物,前面常有all,every,any,no等,但

在否定句中,except卻沒(méi)有排斥性;besides表示“除……之外(還有)”,它的意思

是在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides除外的人或物,其前常有other,another,anyother,a

few等詞。如:We'vehadnothingbuttroublewiththiscar.我們這輛車凈出毛病。AllthestudentswenttothezooexceptJim.除了吉姆,所有的學(xué)生都去動(dòng)物園了。Ihaveafewgoodfriendsbesidesyou.除了你之外,我還有幾個(gè)好朋友。4.with與without的區(qū)別with意為“和,對(duì),附帶,帶有”,常用搭配有:withthehelpof...,playwith,talk

with。without意為“沒(méi)有”,常用搭配有:withoutsayingaword,withoutbreakfast。5.ofsb.與forsb.的區(qū)別ofsb.用于Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.句型中,形容詞為clever,kind,nice等描述人物

性格特征的詞,of后的人物與形容詞有主表關(guān)系。forsb.用于Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.句型中,形容詞為easy,important等不描述人

物性格特征的詞,for后的人物與形容詞沒(méi)有主表關(guān)系。如:Itiskindofyoutohelpme.謝謝你幫助我。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要?？键c(diǎn)二介詞的固定搭配1.介詞短語(yǔ)辨析bymistake錯(cuò)誤地byaccident偶然地byheart用心indanger在危險(xiǎn)中introuble處于困境toone'ssurprise使某人吃驚的是toone'sjoy使某人高興的是2.bemade常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)bemadein在某地制造(2)bemadeof和bemadefrom都可以表示“用……制成”,但bemadeof強(qiáng)調(diào)從

成品上能看出原材料,而bemadefrom則表示從成品上看不出原材料。(3)bemadeinto被制成……(4)bemadeupof由……組成3.beused常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)beusedto=becomeusedto=getusedto習(xí)慣(做)……,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名

詞。(2)beusedto被用來(lái)(做)……,后接動(dòng)詞原形。(3)beusedfor意義相當(dāng)于beusedtodo,但for后接動(dòng)名詞形式。(4)beusedas被當(dāng)作……來(lái)使用(5)beusedby被……使用注意:to既可作動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),后接動(dòng)詞原形,也可用作介詞,后跟名詞、代詞

或動(dòng)名詞。在下列詞組中to為介詞,在使用時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意,后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),需用其動(dòng)

名詞形式。如:payattentionto注意accordingto根據(jù)lookforwardto期望getusedto適應(yīng)一、單句填空1.(2019河南)—ShallIhelpyou

across

thestreet,Grandpa?—No,thanks.Icanmanageitmyself.2.(2019北京)Weplantedsomeflowers

in

thegardenyesterday.3.(2019江蘇南京)Xinhua

Zidian,ortheNew

Chinese

Dictionary,wasfirstpub-

lished

in

1953.4.(2019山西)Changetheinformationyoureadintoamindmap.

In

thisway,

youcanrememberitwellandthinkofitlatereasily.中考題組5.(2019湖北武漢)Hewrotehisphonenumber

on

apieceofpaper.6.(2019廣東)Ithinkteawilltastebetter

with

somemilkinit.7.(2019福建)—Isthatyourheadmaster?—Youmeantheman

in

blue?8.(2019安徽)Onsunnydays,mygrandmaoftenreadsanovel

by

thewindow.9.(2019湖南長(zhǎng)沙)Yesterdayourheadmastermadeaspeech

on

environmental

protection,andwelearnedsomethingaboutrecyclingofwaste.10.(2019吉林)—Excuseme.Whereisthenearestbookstore?—Go

along

CenterStreetandyou'llfindit.11.(2019甘肅天水)Iwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage

besides

English.12.(2019河北)Thisstoryis

in

simpleEnglish.Mylittlesistercanreadit.13.(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)Benwashelpinghismotherwhentherainbegantobeat

heavily

against

thewindows.14.(2019山東青島)Thehigh-speedtrain

between

QingdaoandBeijingtravels

fasternow.Thetrainridetakesonlyaboutthreehours.15.(2019浙江溫州)Theinstructionstelluseverything

in

detailabouthowto

makethemodelship.16.(2018河南)Istopped

for

thenightinasmallvillagewhileIwasonholidayintheHimalayasafewyearsago.17.(2018北京)Happybirthday,Peter!Here'sagift

for

you.18.(2018天津)Inthepicture,hesits

beside

me,lookingveryhappy.19.(2018上海)KarenandLilywillgotoRussiatowatchthe2018WorldCup

in

July.20.(2018重慶)Ialwaysplaybasketballtorelaxmyself

on

Saturdays.21.(2018江蘇南京)NeilArmstrongwasthefirstmantowalkonthemoon

on

20July1969.22.(2018廣東)—Howsoonwillwegettheofferfromanewhighschool?—

In

abouttwomonths.23.(2018吉林)—Doyouagree

with

myplan?—Yes,itiswonderful.24.(2017河南)Fatherbroughthislittleboytoaconcert.Buthewastooyoungtosit

through

thewholeconcert.二、語(yǔ)篇填空(2020河南中考預(yù)測(cè))閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完

整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。gettheywithyoungpencilspendiffriendcallthanDoyouhaveamobilephone?Doyousendtextmessagestoyourfriendsandfami-

ly?Text-messagingor“texting”isbecomingverypopular.Notonlystudentsbutal-

soadultsliketalkingwith1

bytexting.However,scientistshavediscovered

thattextingcangiveusproblems2

ourhands.Becareful!Toomuchtexting

cancauseRSI(RepetitiveStrainInjury)inourthumbs(拇指)andwrists(手腕).We

spoketoadoctor

3

HarrietWilson,whotreatsmanypatientswithRSI.Shesaidifwe4

morethan10—15minutestextingeachtime,wecouldhaveprob-

lemsinthefuture.Shealsosaidthatthe5

patientshehadtreatedwasafive-

year-oldgirl.ShehadsuchbadRSIthatshecouldn'tholda6

.Asmobilephonesdevelop,peoplecandomanyinterestingthingsonthem.Weare

7

closerwithmobilephones.Textingwithasmallerphoneisworse8

us-

ingalargerphonewithbiggerbuttons.Usingcomputersandplayingvideogames

cancausethesameproblem.Somoreandmorepeoplefound9

withRSI.10

wedon'tdoanythingaboutthis,toomanyyoungpeoplewouldgrowupinter-

riblepain.1.

friends

2.

with

3.

called

4.

spent

5.

youngest

6.

pencil

7.

getting

8.

than

9.

themselves

10.

If

一、單句填空1.(2019河南鄭州一模)—Mum,whyareyousounhappy?—Idrove

through

aredlightonmywayhome.Afineticketisontheway.2.(2019河南外國(guó)語(yǔ)中學(xué)一模)ASouthKoreancompanyproducedakindofnew

conceptcar,Elevate.Ithaslegsandthelegsallowthecartoclimb

over

1.5-

meter-tallwalls.3.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)Mylittlesisterwasborn

on

asunnymorninginJune,2

017.模擬題組4.(2019河南安陽(yáng)一模)—Wow,whataspecialtoycar!It'smade

of

coins!—Yes,itis.Andit'smade

by

mylittlebrother.5.(2019河南焦作一模)—Look,yourfaceissodirty.What'sthematter?—Letmelook

in

themirror.Iwasbusypaintingmyroom.6.(2019河南平頂山一模)Thetallbuildingstandsinaquietplace

off

themain

road.7.(2019河南商丘一模)—Couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnmath

well?—Ofcourse,butnothingcanbedonewell

without

hardwork.8.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大聯(lián)考)Running30minuteseverydaynotonly

keepsus

from

gainingweight,butalsocutsdownthepressurefromwork.9.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯(lián)考)AftertheprogramChinese

Poetry

Con-

ferencewasshownonTV,wecanseemanypeoplelearningpoems

across

the

country.10.(2019河南百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考)PresidentXisaidpeopleintheworldshouldbuilda

community

with

asharedfuture.11.(2019河南鄭州二模)—Let'sgointotheclassroom,Mike!—

After

you,madam.12.(2018河南開(kāi)封一模)It'sreportedthatalotofadultstakelessonsonline

for

furthereducation.13.(2018河南信陽(yáng)一模)—Warmlywelcome!Allmyfamilyreallyhopeyoucanen-

joyyourself

during

yourstayinmyhome.—Oh,thankyousomuch.IbelieveIwill.14.(2018河南鄭州一模)Thehousingpriceinmyhometownhasincreasedbytwo

percent

during

thepasttwomonths.15.(2018河南洛陽(yáng)二模)—Itisaniceday,isn'tit?—Yes.Weshouldgosightseeinginstead

of

playingcomputergamesathome.16.(2018河南焦作二模)Ididn'tchoosetheguitar