湖南省懷化市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

機(jī)密★啟用前2024年下學(xué)期高二期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)本試卷共8頁(yè)。全卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如有改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotomorrow?A.Takethetext.B.Havethehiking.C.Visitthemuseum.2.WhyisDavidlearningSpanish?A.Topasstheexam.B.Toprepareforthetrip.C.Tomakeafriend.3.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Talktotheboss.B.Reducetheclass.C.Changeajob.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Worried.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abreakonweekends.B.Askillforkillingthetime.C.Aplanforpreparingthemeals.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、Ｂ、Ｃ三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatisEmily’srecenttopicinherpainting?A.Landscape.B.Sea.C.Garden.7.WhatdoesTomprobablydo?A.Ateacher.B.AGardener.C.Apainter.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdidAnnedoovertheweekend?A.Sheshotmanyphotos.B.Shetooksomeadventure.C.Sheattendedanartshow.9.WhatdidTomdiscoverinthecamerahebought?A.Anoldphoto.B.Anunknownnote.C.Anundevelopedfilm.10.Wheredidtheshopownerbuythecamera?A.Inacamerasale.B.Atanartfestival.C.Inasecond-handshop.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whendidtheprogramstart?A.4monthsago.B.6monthsago.C.10monthsago.12.Whatdidtheprogramoffer?A.Healthcourses.B.Sportsfacilities.C.Freemedicaltreatment.13.Whatwasakeyresultoftheprogram?A.Reducedcrimerates.B.Higherincomelevels.C.Increasedmentalwell-being.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InChina.B.InItaly.C.IntheUS.15.WheredidLauragettheideaforherbookstore?A.Fromatrip.B.Fromherfriend.C.Fromanonlinestore.16.Howdocustomersfeelaboutthebookstore’sconcept?A.Confused.B.Unclear.C.Delighted.17.Howoftenwillthearteventbeheld?A.Everymonth.B.Everyweek.C.Everytwoweeks.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Aparentingexpert.B.Atidyingconsultant.C.Achildren’sbookauthor.19.WhatsurprisedMarieKondo’sfollowers?A.HervisittoChina.B.Herchangeinfocus.C.Hernewbookaboutchildren.20.WhatisMarieKondo’semphasisinorganizingspaces?A.Makinghappychoices.B.Havingaperfectspace.C.Acquiringmorecontainers.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYouthSportsCoachYouthSports&Fitnessisseekingvolunteercoachesforyouthsoccerleaguesandthetrack&fieldprogram.DesiredQualificationsBasicknowledgeofsoccerandrunningisrequired.Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.Specificeducationalbackgroundsorpriorexperienceisnotamust.Andphysicalconditionshouldbesufficienttoengageinsoccer-relatedactivities,butexcellentathleticismisnotnecessary.ApplicationPleasedownload,completeandsubmitthefollowingtoemccaslin@.Ifyouhavequestions,contactErinviae-mailorphoneat425-452-4627.★VolunteerApplication:pleaseincludethenameoftheleagueorprogramforwhichyouwouldliketovolunteer.★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.(Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youre-mailaddress/Awaiverofliability(免責(zé)聲明))PS:Iftheapplicantisunder18,aparentmustsignonyourwaiverofliability.SelectionProcedures★Applicationpaperworkisprocessed.★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviae-mailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.★Selectedapplicantswillreceiveon-sitetraining.1.WhatfeaturesofapplicantsdoesYouthSports&Fitnessfindvaluable?A.Richcoachingexperience. B.Majoringinsports.C.Astrongsenseofresponsibility. D.Excellentphysicalfitness.2.Whatmustapplicantsprovideintheirapplication?A.Thecontactinformation. B.Thecoachingcertification.C.Aletterofrecommendation. D.Awaiverofliabilitysignedbyaparent.3.Howcanapplicantslearnaboutthelatestapplicationresult?A.Bycontactingtheclub. B.Bycheckingtheiremail.C.Byphoningat425-452-4627. D.Byvisitingemccaslin@.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了YouthSports&Fitness招募青年足球聯(lián)賽和田徑項(xiàng)目志愿者教練的信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DesiredQualifications部分中“Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.(申請(qǐng)人必須有責(zé)任感、值得信賴，并且愿意付出努力)”可知，該組織看重申請(qǐng)人是否有強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Application部分中“★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.(Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youremailaddress/Awaiverofliability(免責(zé)聲明))(★背景調(diào)查：請(qǐng)?jiān)谏暾?qǐng)郵件中包含以下信息，以便我們通過雇主選擇篩選進(jìn)行背景調(diào)查。(你的全名/你的手機(jī)號(hào)碼/你的電子郵件地址/免責(zé)聲明))”可知，申請(qǐng)人必須提供聯(lián)系方式。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SelectionProcedures部分中“★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviaemailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.(★通過背景調(diào)查后，被選中的申請(qǐng)人將通過電子郵件得到通知)”可知，申請(qǐng)人可以通過查看他們的電子郵件了解最新的申請(qǐng)結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)。BNearlyadecadeago,ayounggirlinKerala,aruralareainIndia,wasfascinatedbytheworldofmotorsports.Theexcitementofspeedandtheprecisionofcontrollightedadreamthatwouldsoonmakehistory.Thatgirl,SalvaMarjan,transformedherfascinationintoalifelongambition.Salva’sjourneyintotheworldofformularacingbeganwithFormulaLGB,apopularentry-levelracingseries.HerdriveandcommitmentquicklyqualifiedherfortheF4IndianChampionshipin2023,whereshemadehermarkwithanimpressiveperformance.Thatsameyear,shealsocompetedintheF4UAEChampionship.Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.Salva’spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva’sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher.“Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.”Salvaproudlysaid.Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking(剎車)pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.Today,SalvaMarjanisthebrandambassador(大使)forNextLevelRacing,abrandthatpartiallysponsorshertrainingexpenses.Salva’sultimategoalistorepresentIndiainFormula1,inspiringthenextgenerationofwomenracers.4.WhatpushedSalvatosettleintheUAE?A.Herhopeofqualificationforsportscars.B.HerdesiretodowellintheF1Academy.C.HerexpectationofadvertisingFormulaLGB.D.Herwishtowatchanimpressiveperformance.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSalva’sparentsinParagraph3?A.They’rebrave. B.They’rediscouraged.C.They’reworried. D.They’rehesitant.6.WhatlessoncanwelearnfromSalva’sstory?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.It’snevertoolatetolearn.C.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest. D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFutureofFormulaRacingAmongWomenB.ThePowerofPassioninChallengingSportingEventsC.FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMarjan’sInspiringJourneyD.FromDreamstoReality:SalvaMarjanintheF4Championship【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章講的是印度喀拉拉邦的一個(gè)年輕女孩SalvaMarjan如何克服困難，追求賽車夢(mèng)想的故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.(認(rèn)識(shí)到需要高級(jí)培訓(xùn)和更多機(jī)會(huì)，Salva最近搬到了阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)。在這里，她正在完善自己的技能，并努力迎接下一個(gè)重大挑戰(zhàn)：一級(jí)方程式比賽。)”可知，Salva認(rèn)識(shí)到需要更高級(jí)的訓(xùn)練和更多的機(jī)會(huì)，要為下一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)（一級(jí)方程式比賽）做準(zhǔn)備，可得出Salva定居在阿聯(lián)酋是為了在一級(jí)方程式比賽表現(xiàn)出色。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva’sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher.“Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.”Salvaproudlysaid.(雖然她的家人仍然支持她，但他們面臨著社區(qū)其他人的批評(píng)。社會(huì)規(guī)范導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)女孩應(yīng)該如何行事和避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)給出不必要的建議。然而，Salva的父母毫不猶豫地支持她。“他們被教導(dǎo)如何撫養(yǎng)女孩，以及女孩應(yīng)該如何承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或獨(dú)立。我的父母從來沒有因?yàn)樾詣e而區(qū)別對(duì)待我們?！盨alva自豪地說。)”可知，盡管家庭支持她，但社區(qū)里有人批評(píng)他們?nèi)绾谓逃畠?，認(rèn)為女孩不應(yīng)冒險(xiǎn)或獨(dú)立。但Salva的父母從未因性別而區(qū)別對(duì)待女兒，始終支持她。所以可以推斷父母是勇敢的，面對(duì)批評(píng)仍然堅(jiān)持支持女兒。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Salva’spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.(Salva的成功之路絕非一帆風(fēng)順。與F4培訓(xùn)相關(guān)的高成本構(gòu)成了一個(gè)重大障礙。雖然她的家人仍然支持她，但他們面臨著社區(qū)其他人的批評(píng)。社會(huì)規(guī)范導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)女孩應(yīng)該如何行事和避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)給出不必要的建議)”和第四段的句子“Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking(剎車)pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.(在一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的運(yùn)動(dòng)中，Salva意識(shí)到女性面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。賽車對(duì)身體的要求確實(shí)是難以忍受的，賽車內(nèi)部的溫度經(jīng)常攀升到40℃。制動(dòng)壓力可以從60到100公斤。她在一些比賽中經(jīng)歷了撞車和令人失望的表現(xiàn)。她曾經(jīng)考慮過放棄，但她對(duì)賽車的熱情總是把她拉回來。)”可知，Salva克服經(jīng)濟(jì)困難、社會(huì)偏見和生理挑戰(zhàn)，最終接近夢(mèng)想，體現(xiàn)了“有志者事竟成”的精神。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是Salva從印度喀拉拉邦起步，逐步邁向F1的勵(lì)志旅程。選項(xiàng)C“FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMarjan’sInspiringJourney(從喀拉拉邦到一級(jí)方程式：SalvaMarjan的鼓舞人心的旅程)”既涵蓋起點(diǎn)與目標(biāo)，又突出“激勵(lì)”主題，最貼切。故選C項(xiàng)。CIfyouareaperfectionist,youareprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright.Youmaybeinvolvedinhandinginpapers,overthinkingoverprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrorsfromthepast.Accordingtoresearchers,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealisticallyhighstandardsandbecomeself-critical(自我批判)iftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.AmandaRuggeri,writingaboutperfectionismforBBCFuture,explains,“Whenperfectionistsdon’tsucceed,theydon’tjustfeeldisappointmentabouthowtheydid.Theyfeelshameaboutwhotheyare.”Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedhowperfectionismwasrelatedtomentalhealthacrosspreviousstudies.Theylookedatatotalof284studiesandfoundthatperfectionismwasassociatedwithdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigherinperfectionismalsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress.Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginself-criticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.However,otherresearcherssuggestthatperfectionismisnotadaptive:accordingtotheseresearchers,perfectionismismorethanjustholdingyourselftohighstandards,andtheydon’tthinkperfectionismisbeneficial.Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact,becausemistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing,embracingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.8.Whatisacommonstruggleforperfectionists?A.Theyalwaysletgoofpastmistakes.B.Theyrarelyexperiencefeelingsofshame.C.Theyoftenfeelshamewhenhavingfailures.D.Theyhaveagoodtimeenjoyingtheirsuccess.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedefinitionofperfectionism. B.Thepurposeoftheresearch.C.Theprocessofthestudy. D.Theharmofperfectionism.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Allpsychologistsagreethatperfectionismisbeneficial.B.Psychologistsagreethatperfectionismisalwaysharmful.C.Somepsychologiststhinkthere’saharmlesstypeofperfectionism.D.Thedebateaboutperfectionismcanbecompletelyremoved.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofperfectionism?A.Objective. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Unrealistic.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了完美主義者的表現(xiàn)、完美主義對(duì)心理健康的危害，心理學(xué)家對(duì)此的不同觀點(diǎn)，以及應(yīng)對(duì)完美主義傾向的建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.(如果完美主義者經(jīng)歷失敗，他們也很可能會(huì)感到內(nèi)疚和羞愧，這常常導(dǎo)致他們避免那些他們擔(dān)心自己可能會(huì)失敗的情況)”可知，完美主義者在失敗時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)感到羞愧。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.(雖然很多人認(rèn)為追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定程度上，完美主義實(shí)際上與較低的心理健康水平有關(guān))”以及后文列舉的完美主義與抑郁、焦慮和飲食失調(diào)等的關(guān)聯(lián)可知，第二段主要講了完美主義的危害。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginself-criticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.(完美主義總是有害的嗎？心理學(xué)家對(duì)這一點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了爭(zhēng)論，一些人認(rèn)為可能存在適應(yīng)性完美主義，即人們對(duì)自己要求很高，但不會(huì)對(duì)自己犯的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行自我批評(píng)。一些研究人員認(rèn)為，更健康的完美主義形式包括追求目標(biāo)，因?yàn)槟阆胍@樣做，如果你沒有達(dá)到目標(biāo)，也不要責(zé)怪自己)”可知，一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為存在一種更健康的完美主義形式，即追求目標(biāo)，但如果沒有達(dá)到目標(biāo)，也不責(zé)怪自己。由此推知，一些心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為有一種無(wú)害的完美主義。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.(雖然很多人認(rèn)為追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定程度上，完美主義實(shí)際上與較低的心理健康水平有關(guān))”可知，作者指出了完美主義的危害；根據(jù)第三段中“Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginselfcriticismovermistakestheymake.(心理學(xué)家們一直在爭(zhēng)論這一點(diǎn)，一些人認(rèn)為存在適應(yīng)性完美主義，即人們對(duì)自己要求很高，但不會(huì)因自己犯的錯(cuò)誤而進(jìn)行自我批判)”可知，作者也提到了可能存在無(wú)害的完美主義類型；又根據(jù)最后一段中“Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.(然人們有時(shí)會(huì)猶豫是否要放棄他們的完美主義傾向，但心理學(xué)家指出，放棄完美并不意味著不那么成功)”可知，作者指出放棄完美并不意味著不那么成功。作者對(duì)完美主義者的介紹整體保持中立立場(chǎng)，沒有帶入個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，由此可推知，作者對(duì)完美主義的看法是客觀的。故選A項(xiàng)。DHunter-gathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.Thisrapidlearningisshapedbyauniquesocialenvironmentwhereculturalknowledgeispasseddownnotjustfromparentsbutfromabroadercommunity,accordingtoanewWashingtonStateUniversity-ledstudy.Theresearchhelpsexplainhowmanyculturalfeatureshavebeenpreservedforthousandsofyearsamonghunter-gatherergroupsacrossawiderangeofnaturalenvironmentsinAfrica.“Wefocusonhunter-gatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory,”saidBarryHewlett,aprofessorofanthropologyatWSUandleadauthorofthestudy.“Ourbodiesandmindsareadaptedtothisintimate(親密的),smallgroupliving.Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendtouncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.”Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission(傳遞)inhunter-gatherersocieties.Theiranalysisrevealsthatmembersrelatedtoachild’sextendedfamilyhavelikelyplayedagreaterroleintransmittingknowledgetochildrenthanpreviouslythought.Additionally,thestudyshowsabouthalfoftheculturalknowledgehunter-gathererchildrenandadolescentsacquirecomesfrompeopletheyarenotrelatedto.Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledgeofparent-to-childtransmission.Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhunter-gatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimatelivingconditions.Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof25-35individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.Thisallowsthemtolearnessentialskills,includingcaringforinfantsandcookingaswellashuntingandgathering.Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.12.WhatistheaimofProfessorHewlett’sstudy?A.Toadvocatetheintimategroupliving.B.Torevealhowhumansadaptedtodiversity.C.Toshowtheimportanceofparent-childbond.D.Toexplorelivingconditionsofhunter-gatherers.13.Whatdopreviousstudieslayemphasisonaboutchildren’sknowledge?A.Knowledgefromtheirparents. B.Knowledgefromcommunitymembers.C.Knowledgefromhands-onpractice. D.Knowledgefromchildren’sdistantrelatives.14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheatmosphereofhunter-gatherersocietycommunities?A.Coldandtense. B.Livelyandenergetic.C.Calmandrelaxed. D.Closeandinteractive.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatshapedhumandiversity? B.Whatledtoculturaltransmission?C.Howhunter-gatherersocietiesdeveloped? D.Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了華盛頓州立大學(xué)主導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究，探討狩獵采集社會(huì)中兒童的學(xué)習(xí)方式，以及文化知識(shí)的傳遞機(jī)制?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Hewlett教授的話“Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendtouncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.(通過研究這些社會(huì)中兒童的學(xué)習(xí)方式，我們旨在揭示人類適應(yīng)全球不同環(huán)境的機(jī)制)”可知，Hewlett教授的研究目的是揭示人類如何適應(yīng)全球不同環(huán)境的機(jī)制，即人類是如何適應(yīng)全球不同環(huán)境的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledgeofparenttochildtransmission.(這與之前關(guān)于該主題的研究形成對(duì)比，之前的研究更強(qiáng)調(diào)親子之間的知識(shí)傳遞)”可知，以前的研究強(qiáng)調(diào)親子之間的知識(shí)傳遞，即孩子們從父母那里獲得知識(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhunter-gatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimatelivingconditions.

Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof25-35individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.(在狩獵采集社會(huì)中，親密的生活條件使廣泛的非正式學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為可能。小營(yíng)地通常由25到35個(gè)人組成，他們的住所彼此相距只有幾英尺，這樣的環(huán)境讓孩子們可以觀察并與各種各樣的人互動(dòng))”可知，在狩獵采集社會(huì)社區(qū)里，人們距離很近，孩子們可以觀察并與各種各樣的人互動(dòng)。由此可知，其氛圍是親密且互動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“HuntergathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.(剛果盆地的狩獵采集社會(huì)的兒童通常在六七歲時(shí)就學(xué)會(huì)了如何狩獵、識(shí)別可食用的植物以及照顧嬰兒)”、第二段中“Wefocusonhuntergatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory(我們關(guān)注狩獵采集者，因?yàn)檫@種生活方式占據(jù)了人類歷史的99%)”、第三段中“Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission(傳遞)inhunter-gatherersocieties.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，Hewlett和同事們研究了狩獵采集社會(huì)中九種不同的文化傳播模式)”和最后一段“Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.(展望未來，Hewlett希望這項(xiàng)研究能更深入地了解人類社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)的本質(zhì)，以及文化是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移而保存和變化的)”可知，狩獵采集社會(huì)占據(jù)了人類歷史時(shí)長(zhǎng)的99%，文章介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于狩獵采集社會(huì)中兒童的學(xué)習(xí)方式和文化知識(shí)傳遞機(jī)制的研究。故D項(xiàng)“Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?(在人類歷史99%的時(shí)間里孩子們是如何學(xué)習(xí)的？)”能概括文章內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Lifeisbusy.We’realwaysexpectedtobeproductiveandengaged,whetherthat’swithparenting,householdchores,orwork.Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury(奢侈),thetruthisthatitisessentialforimprovingourmentalhealth.___16___Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here’showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.Identifymeaningfulrewards.___17___Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyandcontributepositivelytoyoursenseofwell-being.Thiscouldbeenjoyingacupofyourfavoritecoffee,spendingtimeonahobbyyoulove,ortakingabriefwalkoutdoors.Bychoosingrewardsthatmatchyourpreferences,youcanenhanceyoursatisfactionandmotivationindailylife.___18___MakesureyourtreatsdependoncompletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoalsHavingadirectlinkbetweenthegoalortaskandthetreatgivesyoumoresupporttoengageinthebehavioryou’reaimingtoachieve.Thisconnectionhelpsstrengthenpositivehabitsandmotivatesprogress.Practicemoderation(適度).Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.___19___Ifyourewardyourselftoooften,itbecomesanexpectationratherthanatreat.Additionally,rewardsshouldn’tleadtostress,likeoverspendingonthingsthatburdenyourbudget.Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.Takeamomenttoreflectonwhatyou’veachieved.___20___Ifnecessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.Additionally,considerhowtheserewardscontributetoyourprogressandmotivation,helpingyoustayontracktowardyourgoals.A.Valuelittlemotivationalrewards.B.Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.C.Tierewardstospecificachievements.D.Giveyourselfrewardimmediatelyyoufinishyourwork.E.Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.F.However,it’smoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.G.Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.【答案】16G17.B18.C19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在忙碌生活中給自己獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)改善心理健康很重要，并闡述了有效運(yùn)用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury(奢侈),thetruthisthatitisessentialforimprovingourmentalhealth.(雖然花時(shí)間進(jìn)行小小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)感覺像是一種奢侈，但事實(shí)是，這對(duì)改善我們的心理健康至關(guān)重要)”提出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己對(duì)改善我們的心理健康至關(guān)重要，下文“Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here’showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.(它涉及策略規(guī)劃。以下是如何在日常生活中有效運(yùn)用它的方法)”說明給獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己并非隨意為之，G選項(xiàng)“Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.(給自己獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)不僅僅是隨意享受美食)”承上啟下，說明獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己不能隨意為之，需要策略規(guī)劃，由上文的話題引出下文關(guān)于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)需要規(guī)劃和有效運(yùn)用的內(nèi)容，上下文邏輯連貫。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】下文“Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyandcontributepositivelytoyoursenseofwell-being.(這樣你一定要選擇那些真正讓你開心并對(duì)你的幸福感有積極貢獻(xiàn)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))”強(qiáng)調(diào)要選擇真正讓你開心并對(duì)你的幸福感有積極貢獻(xiàn)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，B選項(xiàng)“Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.(并非所有的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)都是一樣的)”表明獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)存在差異，與下文強(qiáng)調(diào)要選擇真正有益的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Makesureyourtreatsdependoncompletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoals.(確保你的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)取決于完成特定的任務(wù)或達(dá)到特定的目標(biāo))”強(qiáng)調(diào)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)與特定成就的關(guān)聯(lián)，C選項(xiàng)“Tierewardstospecificachievements.(將獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)與特定的成就聯(lián)系起來)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，點(diǎn)明了該段落的主旨，適合作段首主題句。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.(為你所做的每件事都獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己會(huì)很不錯(cuò))”和下文“Ifyourewardyourselftoooften,itbecomesanexpectationratherthanatreat.(如果你太頻繁地獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己，它就會(huì)變成一種期望而不是一種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))”形成對(duì)比，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“However,it’smoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.(然而，偶爾犒勞自己會(huì)更有效)”起到轉(zhuǎn)折作用，引出下文關(guān)于過度獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的弊端。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】段首主題句“Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.(確保你的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是真正有益的)”建議確保獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有益，E選項(xiàng)“Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.(并評(píng)估你的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是否真的對(duì)你有幫助)”與本段主題一致，提出評(píng)估獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是否有幫助，同時(shí)引出下文“Ifnecessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.(如果有必要，調(diào)整你的方法來強(qiáng)化你的目標(biāo)或任務(wù))”的調(diào)整建議，上下文邏輯連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MyEnglisheducationinschoolwaslimitedtojusttwohoursaweek—hardlyenoughtocoverthebasics.Myfirstconversationwithanativespeaker—aborderofficeratPearsonairport—wasa(n)___21___.Hespokefast,andIstruggledto___22___withhim.IhadtouseGoogleTranslatejusttomakeitthrough.Then,Ifoundworkinafast-foodrestaurant,butmyEnglishwasstillso___23___thatIcouldonlyaskbasicquestions,likehowmanyhoursI’dworkorwhatI’dget___24___.Afteramonth,mybosssuddenlytoldmeIwasnolongerneeded,thenpaidmeforonlyhalfthetimeI’dworked.Ididn’tknowhowto___25___myselfinEnglish.Everything___26___whenmyfriendssuggestedIuseChatGPTforquestionsandtranslations.Iquicklyrealizedthatitofferedmoreaccurate___27___thanGoogle.SoonIwasusingittoadjustmy___28___,pickuprelatedvocabularyandexpressmyideasmore___29___.Ievenlearnedtoformresponsestotrickyquestions.Myvocabulary____30____,andIbecamemorenaturalinEnglish.Ofcourse,ChatGPThaditsshortcomings.Sometimesthesuggestionswerestiff(生硬的)ordidn’t____31____likesomethingIwouldsay,soIediteditsresponsestomakethemsoundmorenaturaltoo.ChatGPThasalsobecomemygo-toforbridgingthe____32____ofculture.Whenafriend’shusbandpassedawayrecently,ChatGPT____33____tellingmyfriendthatIwassorryforherloss.Ithelpedmeunderstandthata(n)____34____remarklikethatwouldbeenough.Mynextbiggoalistoapplyforpermanent(永久的)residencyinCanada,whichmayrequirelearningFrenchtoearnenoughpoints.It’schallengingandalotofhardwork—butIhavea____35____weapon.21.A.association B.decline C.innovation D.disaster22.A.putup B.catchup C.makeup D.breakup23.A.limited B.delicate C.precise D.real24.A.trained B.understood C.paid D.encouraged25.A.reward B.impress C.defend D.prove26.A.changed B.wandered C.combined D.appeared27.A.concepts B.recordings C.answers D.structures28.A.ambition B.character C.clue D.tone29.A.rigidly B.gently C.distantly D.clearly30.A.expanded B.r