考研英語閱讀理解模擬24

［模擬］考研英語閱讀理解模擬24

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthe

questionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

Americanstodaydontplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Our

heroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Even

ourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation

一nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsof

pervasiveantiintellectualisminourschoolsarentdifficultto

find.

uSchoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismore

importantthanintellectual,“sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.

“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance."Razitch'slatestbook,LeftBack:

ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti

intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbuta

counterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeof

themindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withoutthe

abilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandthe

ideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.

Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecome

asecondratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,“writes

historianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAntiIntellectualismin

Americanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti

intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthe

beginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulist

urgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.

Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsidered

morenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendental!stphilosophersthought

schoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:

“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15years

andcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”

MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti

intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized一goingtoschooland

learningtoread一sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnative

intelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,

creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,

manipulate,reorder,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,

wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersays

ourcountry'seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfully

andmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagerness

toidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

第1題：

WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquirein

schoo1?_______

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

參考答案：C

作者在第一段第三句…togetapracticaleducation明顯表露了一^個觀點，

孩子上學(xué)的目的是為了獲得實用的教育，之后在第二段第一句又重申了這一觀

點。因此選項［C］“將來職業(yè)的實用能力”表達了此含義。選項［A］在文中沒有提

及。選項［B］意為“世界的深奧知識”，這個與原文本意恰恰相反，家長希望的

是更實際些的東西，而不是真正的知識。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可排除［D］項。［知

識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第2題：

WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof.

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

參考答案：A

第二段結(jié)尾句Razitch'slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchool

Reforms,tracestherootsofantiintellectualisminourschools,

concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistaste

forintellectualpursuits中的“rootsofantiintellectualism^就體

現(xiàn)了美國人有史以來就不喜歡追求學(xué)識。所以選項［A］“不重視學(xué)識”表達了此

含義。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第3題：

TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare.

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

參考答案：D

Ravitch的觀點在第二段,其中有個較明顯的詞Failed,體現(xiàn)了其所認(rèn)為的觀點：

教育改革是失敗的，在他的著作中，他批評了美國學(xué)校根本未能扭轉(zhuǎn)美國人對才

智追求的厭惡，即他認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該追求才智。而Emerson的觀點在第五段，他認(rèn)

為學(xué)校和僵化的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，由此，可以明顯看出兩者的觀點

相反。所以選項［D］“相反的”表達了此含義。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編

號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第4題：

Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably.

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

參考答案：B

根據(jù)Emerson定位到第五段。他的觀點是：學(xué)校教育和僵化的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了

孩子們的天性。由此看出他是反對才智主義的，故選擇［B］項。［知識點］［選項

個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolated

volcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.Unlikemostofthe

world'svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreat

driftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth'ssurface;onthecontrary,many

ofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.Mostofthehotspotsmove

onlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementoftheplatespastthemhas

lefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrails

aremilestonesthatmarkthepassageoftheplates.

Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.AfricaandSouth

America,forexample,aremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis

injectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlines

andcertaingeologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanarereminders

ofwherethetwocontinentswereoncejoined.Therelativemotionofthe

platescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetail,butthe

motionofoneplatewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslated

intomotionwithrespecttotheearth'sinterior.Itisnotpossibleto

determinewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsor

whetheronecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfrom

it.Hotspots,anchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearth,providethe

measuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.Fromananalysis

ofthehotspotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanplateis

stationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.

Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframe

ofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluence

onthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.When

acontinentalplatecometorestoverahotspot,thematerialrisingfrom

deeperlayercreatesabroaddome.Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsdeep

fissures(cracks);inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirely

alongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformation

ofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobility

ofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexplaintheirmutability

(inconstancy).

第5題：

Theauthorbelievesthat.

A.themotionoftheplatescorrespondstothatoftheearth'sinterior

B.thegeologicaltheoryaboutdriftingplateshasbeenprovedtobe

true

C.thehotspotsandtheplatesmoveslowlyinoppositedirections

D.themovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapart

參考答案：B

第二段第一句指出，對于板塊漂移說目前已不存異議。隨后舉例，非洲和南美洲

正在漂離，新物質(zhì)不斷注入二者之間的海底裂痕。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試

題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第6題：

ThatAfricaandSouthAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfromthe

factthat.

A.thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirections

B.theyhavebeenfoundtosharecertaingeologicalfeatures

C.theAfricanplateshasbeenstablefor30millionyears

D.over100hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobe

參考答案：B

第二段第二、三句話AfricaandSouthAmerica,forexample,aremovingaway

fromeachotherasnewmaterialisinjectedintotheseafloorbetween

them.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertaingeologicalfeaturesthat

seemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinentswereonce

joined.非洲和南美洲正在漂離，新物質(zhì)不斷注入二者之間的海底裂痕；雖然有

大洋(大西洋)相隔，二者的海岸線(形狀)是互補的(complementary),共有

某些地質(zhì)特征，說明它們曾經(jīng)是連在一起的。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編

號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第7題:

Thehotspottheorymayproveusefulinexplaining.

A.thestructureoftheAfricanplates

B.therevivalofdeadvolcanoes

C.themobilityofthecontinents

D.theformationofnewoceans

參考答案：D

最后一段指出，熱點說的意義不限于提供了一個參照點，它看來對推動板塊移動

的地質(zhì)物理學(xué)過程也提供了解釋。當(dāng)板塊處于熱點之上時，底層物質(zhì)會將板塊頂

起，形成(develop)巨大的弧線(abroaddome),弧線變高時，板塊出現(xiàn)深深的

裂痕。當(dāng)有些地方裂痕迸裂后，就形成新的海洋。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試

題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第8題：

Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thefeaturesofvolcanicactivities

B.theimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingplates

C.thesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudies

D.theprocessoftheformationofvolcanoes

參考答案：C

本文主要討論的話題就是hotspots,第一段介紹了熱區(qū)的分布，后面介紹了熱

區(qū)的作用等，因此答案顯然是［C］。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］

［題目類型］［難度］

Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessis

probablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourse

andcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikely

toreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursociety

foryears.

Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthis

nationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremely

painful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways：theyhadbecomeless

materialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthe

strugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleave

societybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournational

feverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendto

aneraofrecklesspersonalspending.

Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfar

off.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorian

BenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthy

periodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsociety

moremeanspiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedor

reversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Antiimmigrantsentiment

typicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnot

shrunkinthisone.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforce

classdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem-especiallyfor

youngpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbia

University,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionsee

theirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversities

catchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeenifthey

hadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleft

behind.

IntheInternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentment

thathasalwaysbeenhiddenwithinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,in

themoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffecting

society'scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerant

enteringthisrecessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavariety

ofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.

Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshape

oursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlywillreshapeit,andallthemore

sothelongertheyextend.

第9題：

Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggest

thatthejoblesstryto.

A.seeksubsidiesfromthegovernment

B.explorereasonsfortheunemployment

C.makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy

D.lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

參考答案：D

題目定位在第二段首句。首句應(yīng)該是整段意思的概括。第二句說，失業(yè)雖然很痛

苦，但也從很多方面帶來好處。冒號后面具體說他們從觀念上，生活方式上發(fā)生

了改變。所以選擇M。［A］、［B］均為無關(guān)選項，［C］選項中說makeprofits,是

側(cè)重指獲得經(jīng)濟利益，所以與原文不符。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分

數(shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第10題：

AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople.

A.realizethenationaldream

B.struggleagainsteachother

C.challengetheirlifestyle

D.reconsidertheirlifestyle

參考答案：D

第二句冒號后面：他們不再那么追求物質(zhì)，經(jīng)濟上更節(jié)儉；同時意識到其他人在

努力奮斗，即［D］選項中reconsidertheirlifestyle,重新審視他們的生活方

式。［A］項有干擾性，但文中說“將我們從夢想中喚醒”，所以不對。［B］、［C］

沒有提到。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第11題：

BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay.

A.imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants

B.bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature

C.promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms

D.easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses

參考答案：B

定位在第三段第二句。通過關(guān)鍵詞meanspiritedandlessinclusive可確

定［B］選項正是該句的改寫，故為正確答案；［A］屬于過度推理；［C］、［D］意思明

顯弄反了。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第12題：

Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis

A.trivial

B.positive

C.certain

D.destructive

參考答案：C

由最后一句可知，"Buttheycertainlywillreshapeit”表示困難時期一定

會對社會產(chǎn)生影響，所以certain與之相符。由最后一段無法看出是positive

還是destructive,所以［B］、［D］均不正確。［A］項是“無足輕重的以明顯不對。

［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothers

ofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladult

potential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefind

ourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactor

onthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceof

thesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamily

andthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeyto

theirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefind

thefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding一theknowledge,hopes,

andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirror

wecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,and

thecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestin

exceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecades

indicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatever

theirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheir

capabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal."Wevehearditmanytimes,butit

stillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.

Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenoteequality

beforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityof

opportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforall

children一therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothe

limitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.

Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren一

disabledornot一toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthat

publicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.In

response,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructionto

childrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantially

fromregularprograms.

第13題：

InParagrah2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthe

stagetoshowthat.

A.thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamily

andthesociety

B.exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthan

normalchildrenare

C.exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

D.theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsofthe

exceptionalchildren

參考答案：A

文章中第二段第二句所舉的這個例子旨在說明其他演員及場景對主演的重要作

用，這個例子又用來說明本段第一句與第三句闡明的道理。故正確答案為［A］項。

［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第14題：

Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernin

educationisthat.

A.theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

B.theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

C.theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

D.disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

參考答案：c

文章第三段第三句提到，社會對特殊兒童接受普通教育的關(guān)注表明他們的主張：

任何公民都應(yīng)該得到使其潛能充分發(fā)展的機會。這也是整篇文章的主旨：教育應(yīng)

該有利于特殊兒童的成長。［A］選項在文中沒有提及。［B］與原文所傳達的思想相

違背。M原文強調(diào)的是特殊兒童應(yīng)得到平等受教育的機會以利于其能力的充分

發(fā)展，而這個選項強調(diào)對殘疾兒童應(yīng)區(qū)別對待，這與原文不吻合。［知識點］［選

項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第15題：

Thispassagemainlydealswith.

A.thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

B.thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety

C.thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

D.thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

參考答案：D

通過前面的題目分析可以看出，本文旨在強調(diào)改革目前的教育方式使之更有利于

特殊兒童成長的重要性（或必要性）。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分

數(shù)］［題目類型］［難度］

第16題：

Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptional

children.

A.isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

B.disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

C.wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders

D.willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

參考答案：A

根據(jù)第四段第三句話Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforall

children,因此［B］項表達的內(nèi)容與事實相反。第三句話后面指出，國家的創(chuàng)始

者們的人人平等這一思想也包含了兒童平等受教育的權(quán)利，但這并不意味著他們

已經(jīng)明確地表達了對特殊兒童的教育的關(guān)懷。因此［C］不正確。兒童平等受教育

的權(quán)利已獲得法律上的認(rèn)可與［D］選項“兒童平等受教育的權(quán)利將會對法庭的裁

決起很大影響”意思相反。［知識點］［選項個數(shù)］4［試題編號］［分?jǐn)?shù)］［題目

類型］［難度］

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank

issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,

restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,

andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreof

thesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibleto

withdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocal

branchbankisopen.Formanyofus,the“cashlesssociety“isnoton

thehorizon一it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemany

advantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmore

thansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,including

whosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmento

keeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsold

andhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodsto

supplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhich

hoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowing

personnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalso

identifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersare

reliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computeranalyzed

marketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,

whichtodevelopforth