英語等級考試《PETS四級》試題真題及答案二

英語等級考試《PETS四級》試題真題及答案二[問答題]1.Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayoni（江南博哥）t.Inyouressay,youshould(1)describethepicturebriefly,(2)analyzethissituation,and(3)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考范文】DifficultiesandPressureFromthepicturewecanseeamanrunningwithspringsunderhisshoes.Withthepressurecausedbysteppingonthespring,themanisabletospeedupmoreeasilywiththecounter-actingforce.Thespringrepresentsthevariouspressuresmostofushavetofaceinourlives.Whileenormousstressislikelytoadverselyaffectourhealth,acertaindegreeofpressurewouldmotivateustoworkharderandactivateourpotential.Underpressure,wecanbringoutourpotentialtothebestinordertomeetthechallenge.Tomakethebestofpressure,weshouldthinkpositivelyinthefirstplace.Aspressureisinevitabletoalargeextent,itispointlesstobeatalosstowardsextremepressure.Onthecontrary,itwouldbeofgreathelptomaintainahealthylifestyletomoniterpressure.Whenpressuredoesarise,allwehavetodoisbraceupagainstit.Inconclusion,weneedpressureandchallengetobemotivated.Whenburdenedwithpressure,ourpotentialisexploredandwewouldbeabletoworkmoreefficientlyandmoreeffectively.Onlybythinkingpositively,regardingpressureasanimpetusandleadingahealthylifestylecanwehandlepressuresuccessfully.【范文點(diǎn)評】在寫作過程中，要緊扣題目要求。首先，應(yīng)該描述圖片所描述的現(xiàn)象。其次，要指明圖片所蘊(yùn)含的深層含義。第三，針對圖片中的問題提出自己的看法。最后再進(jìn)行總結(jié)?！鹃W光詞匯】1.belikelyto...可能……2.acertaindegreeof...一定量的……3.bringout發(fā)揮，激發(fā)4.ataloss束手無策5.braceupagainst...鼓起勇氣面對……6.leadahealthylifestyle建立健康的生活方式共享題干題[問答題]1.Directions:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youmayraiseyourhandnowasyouwillnotbeallowedtospeakoncethetesthasstarted.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestions1-5,youwillheararadioprogramaboutresourcesontheInternet.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.正確答案：1.rare錄音中提到“That’swhyIturntotheInternettofindrarebooksIseek”，由此可知，說話者轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)是為了尋找不常見的書，故空格處應(yīng)填rare，表示“珍稀，罕見”。2.6,540錄音中提到“Itlinkstomorethan6,540bookstoresinNorthAmerica,listingupto21millionrarecopies”，由此可知，這家網(wǎng)站連接6540家北美書店，故空格處填6,540。3.8,000錄音中提到“Thisguysellsuptoasmanyas8,000booksaday”，由此可知每天可通過網(wǎng)站賣出八千本書，故空格處填8,000。4.Netnews錄音中提到“TolinkdirectlytothisCanadiansite,visittheInternetnewsonNontheWorldWideWeb”，由此可知網(wǎng)站名為N，故空格處填Netnews。5.challenges錄音中提到“It’saninternationalcenterofhigherlearning,providingeducationalopportunitiestomeettoday’sglobalchallenges”，由此可知，華盛頓大學(xué)提供的教育機(jī)會是為了應(yīng)對全球挑戰(zhàn)，故空格處應(yīng)填challenges，表示“挑戰(zhàn)”?！句浺粼摹縄lovebooksandIlovebookstorestoo,butIdon’talwayshavethetimetoexplorethem.That’swhyIturntotheInternettofindrarebooksIseek.I’mCharlesBourne,reportingtotheInternetNews.Today’sreportisonDan’sbookexchange.BookloversflocktothisCanadianwebsiteandtheydosowithgoodreason.Itlinkstomorethan6,540bookstoresinNorthAmerica,listingupto21millionrarecopies,usedbooksandout-of-printvolumes.Thisguysellsuptoasmanyas8,000booksaday.Youcanusuallybuyabookfromthesiteordealdirectlywiththebookstores.Yourtimeisprecious.Spenditreadingyourbookinsteadofhuntingforit.TolinkdirectlytothisCanadiansite,visittheInternetnewsonNontheWorldWideWeb.TheInternetnewsisaserviceofGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.It’saninternationalcenterofhigherlearning,providingeducationalopportunitiestomeettoday’sglobalchallenges.ThisisCharlesBourneforCBC.WewillbehappytomailyouaCBCfrequencyscheduleifyoujustsendusa...[問答題]2.PartBDirections:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearabrieftalkaboutthepopularityofcoffee.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenomorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.正確答案：6.1.25million錄音中提到“Americansuseabout1.25milliontonsofcoffeeeachyear”，由此可知，美國人每年要喝125萬噸咖啡，故空格處填1.25million。7.30pounds錄音中提到“Swedesconsumethemost,anaverageof30poundseachyearperperson”，由此可知，瑞典人每天平均要喝30磅咖啡，因此空格處應(yīng)填30pounds。8.poisonous錄音中提到“KingGustavHIofSwedenbelievedthecoffeewaspoisonous”，由此可知，瑞典國王認(rèn)為咖啡有毒，故空格處填poisonous，表示“有毒的”。9.Thedoctors錄音中提到“Thedoctorsdiedfirst,thentheKingdied”，由此可知，醫(yī)生最先去世，故空格處應(yīng)填Thedoctors。10.awakeandalive錄音中提到“Thisdrugmakespeoplefeelawakeandalive”，由此可知，咖啡可以讓人保持清醒，讓人長壽。故空格處應(yīng)填awakeandalive?！句浺粼摹縀achmorning,millionsofAmericansstumbleoutofbedandheadforthekitchen.Thereasonistogetasteamingcupoffreshblackcoffee.Manypeoplesaytheycannotlivewithoutit.Andmostcoffeedrinkersdonotstopatonecup.Getdowncoffeeallday.Americansevenhaveaspecialtimeofdaytodrinkcoffee--thecoffeebreak.Thisbreakisevenrequiredbylaw.Allinall,Americansuseabout1.25milliontonsofcoffeeeachyear.Thatistwoandahalfcupsdailyforeachperson.Americansarenottheworld’sonlycoffeedrinkers.Allaroundtheworld,peopledrinkmorecoffeethananyotherbeverage.Swedesconsumethemost,anaverageof30poundseachyearperperson.ThepeopleofSwedenhavenotalwaysdrunkcoffee.Inthe18thcentury,KingGustavIIIofSwedenbelievedthecoffeewaspoisonous.Hedecidedtoprovethathisbeliefwascorrect.Isentencedamurderertodrinkcoffeeeverydayuntilhedied.Bycomparison,anothermurdererwassentencedtodrinkteaeveryday.Twodoctorswatchedthetwomentoseewhowilldiefirst.Thedoctorsdiedfirst.ThentheKingdied.Finally,aftermanyyears,oneofthemurderersdiedattheageof83.Hewastheteadrinker.Coffeemayormaynotgivelonglife,butitcertainlygivesenergy.Coffeecontainscaffeine.Thisdrugmakespeoplefeelawakeandalive.Thisisonereasonpeopledrinkcoffee.[單選題]3.PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreedialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhave5secondsmreadeachofthequestionswhichaccompanyit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhave10secondstocheckyouranswertoeachquestion.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.Questions11-13arebasedonatalkaboutWorldAIDSDay.WorldAIDSDayisadaytoA.considerthetreatmentofintridualswiththeAIDSvirus.B.showtheimportanceoftheAIDSAssociation.C.callondoctorstoplacemoreimportanceonAIDSpatients.D.celebratetheachievementsinthecontrolofAIDS.正確答案：D參考解析：錄音中提到“theobservancegives...achancetoshowtheimportanceofthefightagainstAIDS.Italsoisadaytocelebrateprogressineffortstostopthespreadofthedisease”，由此可知，世界艾滋病日是為了告訴人們抵抗艾滋病的重要性，也是為了慶祝艾滋病的傳播取得的進(jìn)步，故D項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]4.Whatisthethemeforthenextyear’sAIDScampaign?A.DevelopmentofacureforAIDS.B.FairtreatmentofAIDSpatients.C.ProgressinAIDSresearch.D.CouragetolivewithAIDS.正確答案：B參考解析：錄音中提到“HesaystheworldAIDScampaignforthenextyearisaboutthewaypeopleinfectedwiththeAIDSvirusaretreated”，由此可知，明年艾滋病運(yùn)動的主題是關(guān)于艾滋病患者的治療方法，故B項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]5.HowmanywomenwereinfectedwiththeAIDSviruslastyear?A.2million.B.4million.C.19million.D.39million.正確答案：A參考解析：錄音中提到“Lastyear,morethan4millionadultsbecameinfected.2millionofthemarewomen”，由此可知，去年2百萬女性感染了艾滋病。故答案為A項(xiàng)。【錄音原文】SundayisWorldAIDSDay.WorldAIDSDaywasfirstdeclaredintheconferencein1988.Eachyear,theobservancegivesgovernments,otherorganizationsandintridualsachancetoshowtheimportanceofthefightagainstAIDS.Italsoisadaytocelebrateprogressineffortstostopthespreadofthedisease.ThemessageforWorldAIDSDaythisyearislivingletlive.PeachPileistheheadoftheUnitedNationsAIDSprogram.HesaystheworldAIDScampaignforthenextyearisaboutthewaypeopleinfectedwiththeAIDSvirusaretreated.Hesaysthoseinfectedcanbetreatedonhealingschool,wardplacesandreligiouscenters.Heisurgingeveryonetofighttheseunfairtreatmentswhereveritisfound.HesaysthatwouldhelpclearthewaytoprogressinfightingAIDSitself.Thisweek,UNofficialsreportedthatabouthalfofthoseinfectedworldwidearewomen.Untilnow,moremenwereinfected.TheUN’snewreportestimatesthat4,2millionpeopleareinfectedwiththeAIDSvirus,alsocalledHIV.Nearly39millionofthoseinfectedareadults.Morethan19millionofthemarewomen.Lastyear,morethan4millionadultsbecameinfected.2millionofthemarewomen.UNofficialssaymanywomenwereinfectedthroughsexwithinfectedmen.StudieshavefoundHIVpassesmoreeasilyfrommentowomenthanfromwomentomen.[單選題]6.Questions14-16arebasedonthebiographyofStephenBiko,aSouthAfricanpoliticalleaderfortheBlackConsciousnessMovement.WhatdidBikostudyintheuniversity?A.Politics.B.Blacknationalism.C.Medicine.D.Governmentpolicies.正確答案：C參考解析：錄音中提到“HeenteredtheuniversityofNatalin1966tostudyMedicine”，由此可知，他學(xué)的是醫(yī)學(xué)。故C項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]7.WhendidBikobecomethehonorarypresidentoftheBlackPeople’sConvention?A.1968.B.1972.C.1973.D.1977.正確答案：B參考解析：錄音中提到“In1972,aunionofmorethan70blackorganizationsestablishedtheBlackPeople’sConventionandBikowasnamedthehonorarypresident”，由此可知，Biko在1972年成為黑人大會的榮譽(yù)主席。故B項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]8.WhatdidtheSouthAfricanGovernmentdowiththeBlackConsciousnessMovementatthebeginning?A.Putupwithit.B.Restricteditsactivities.C.Arresteditsleaders.D.Grantedlimitedapproval.正確答案：A參考解析：錄音中提到“TheSouthAfricanGovernmentinitiallytoleratedtheBlackConsciousnessMovement”，由此可知南非政府一開始對黑人覺醒運(yùn)動采取容忍態(tài)度，故A項(xiàng)正確?！句浺粼摹縎tephenBiko,aSouthAfricanpoliticalleaderofthelate1960s,becameknownasaheroforBlackNationalismuponhisdeathinprison.BikowasborninKingWilliam’sTowninwhatisnowtheprovinceofEastenCape.HeenteredtheUniversityofNatalin1966tostudyMedicine.In1972,BikowasexpelledforhispoliticalactivitieswhichweredirectedatthewhiteminoritygovernmentofSouthAfricaanditsrestrictiveracialpolicies.BikothoughttoliberatethemindsofAmericansandwasoneofthefoundersoftheBlackConsciousnessMovementinthelate1960s.StudentswereintheforefrontoftheBlackConsciousnessMovementandin1968theyalsofoundedtheSouthAmericanstudents’organizationwhichoperatedasablackgroup,separatefromthewhitenationalunionofSouthAfricanstudents.Bikoservedastheblackorganization’sfirstpresident.Healsowasimportantinstartingotherblackgroups.In1972,aunionofmorethan70blackorganizationsestablishedtheBlackPeople’sConventionandBikowasnamedthehonorarypresident.TheSouthAfricanGovernmentinitiallytoleratedtheBlackConsciousnessMovementandsomeoftheotherblackorganizations,butitbegancrackingdownonthemintheearly1970s.Bikowasbannedfrommanyactivitiesin1973andarrestedseveraltimes.InAugust1977,Bikowasarrestedagainandwasseverelybeatenbythepolicewhileinprison.Hediedwithinamonthofhisarrest.[單選題]9.Questions17-20arebasedonatalkaboutleft-handers.WhatisthepurposeofLeft-handersInternational?A.Tohelpleft-handersfindbetterjobs.B.Tochangepublicattitudestowardsleft-handers.C.Toridleft-handersoftheirprejudices.D.Toshowthepublicthetalentsofleft-handers.正確答案：B參考解析：錄音中提到“Thepurposeoftheorganizationistofightdiscrimination,particularlyinjobsandtoinformthepublic”，由此可知，左撇子協(xié)會的目的是為了改變公眾對左撇子的看法，故B項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]10.Whathaveresearchersfoundintheirstudiesofhandpreference?A.Childrendon’tshowstronghandpreferenceuntilsix.B.Childrenunderthreetendtohaveafavoriteeyeandear.C.Thereareasmanymaleleft-handersasfemaleones.D.Left-handersaremoreinterestingthanright-handers.正確答案：A參考解析：錄音中提到“It’sbeenfound...thatallchildrenusebothhandsaboutequallyuntiltheyare3yearsold”，由此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]11.Left-handersseemmoreathleticbecausetheyA.aremoreenergetic.B.persistinphysicaltraining.C.possessacreativeimpulse.D.haveabettersenseofspace.正確答案：D參考解析：錄音中提到“Theyalsoseemtobemoreathleticandtodobetterinsomeprofessions，whichlikesports,requireagoodsenseofspace”，由此可知，左撇子更擅長運(yùn)動是因?yàn)榭臻g感更好。故D項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]12.Whatistheproblemsomeleft-handersmightsufferfrom?A.Slownessincommunication.B.Awkwardnessinaction.C.Speechdefect.D.Difficultyinwriting.正確答案：C參考解析：錄音中提到“they’remorelikelytosufferfromproblemssuchasdifficultyinreadingandinabilitytospeaknormally”，由此可知，左撇子語言能力可能會有缺陷。故C項(xiàng)正確。【錄音原文】Therearemillionsofleft-handedpeopleintheworld,25millionintheUnitedStates.Anumberofthemgottogetherin1975toformanassociationcalledLeft-handersInternational.Thepurposeoftheorganizationistofightdiscrimination,particularlyinjobsandtoinformthepublic.Thememberswanteverybodytounderstandthatleft-handersareneitherstrangenorsicknordangerous.Manystudieshavebeenmaderecentlyabouthandpreferenceinhumans.Theyhavebroughtinterestingresults.It’sbeenfound,forinstance,thatmanymorementhanwomenareleft-handed,thatallchildrenusebothhandsaboutequallyuntiltheyare3yearsoldandthathandpreferenceisnotclearlyuntilage6.Abovethatage,mostpeoplenotonlyfavoroneparticularhandbuttheyalsohaveafavoriteeye,afavoriteearandfoot.Weknowthattheleftsideofthebodyiscontrolledbytherightsideofthebrain.Itseemsthatthisparticularhalfistheseatofemotions,imaginationandofthesenseofspace.Andindeed,leftiesseemtobemorecreativethantheirright-handedfellowhumans.Theyalsoseemtobemoreathleticandtodobetterinsomeprofessions,whichlikesports,requireagoodsenseofspace.Inalargeschoolofarchitecture,itwasfoundin1977that29%oftheprofessorsand23%ofthegraduatingstudentswereleft-handedwhileleftiesrepresentlessthan10%ofthegeneralpopulation.Finally,left-handersmaybemorestubbornthanright-handersandthey’remorelikelytosufferfromproblemssuchasdifficultyinreadingandinabilitytospeaknormally.Theproblemsaremoreseriousinleft-handedpeoplewhohavebeenforcedtofavortheirrighthand.Doctorsinsistthatoneshouldnevertrytochangeachild’shandpreference.Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.PragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamajorimpactonAmericanculturefromthelate19thcenturytothepresent.Pragmatismcalls

21

ideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,by

22

whetheractingupontheideaortheoryproducesdesirableorundesirableresults.Theideasofthepragmatistswereconsidered

23

whentheyfirstappeared.Tosomecritics,pragmatism’s

24

toaffirmanyabsolutestandardscardednegativeimplicationsforsociety.

25

,pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists,but

26

thattheseconceptsarechangeableanddependonthe

27

inwhichtheyarebeingdiscussed.The

28

oftheseabsolutes,criticsfeared,couldresultina(n)

29

inmoralstandards.Thepragmatists’denialofabsolutes,

30

,challengedthefoundationsofreligion,government,andschoolsofthought.

31

,pragmatisminfluenceddevelopmentsinpsychology,sociology,andmanyotherschoolsandmovements.

32

politicalgroupshavealsodrawn

33

theassumptionsofpragmatism,fromtheprogressivemovementsoftheearly20thcenturytolaterexperimentsinsocialreform.Pragmatismisbest

34

initshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringthelate19thcentury,aperiodofrapidscientificadvancement

35

bythetheoriesofBritishbiologistCharlesDarwin,whosetheories

36

tomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareina

37

stateofprogress.Duringthissameperiod,adeclinein

38

religiousbeliefsandvaluesaccompaniedtheindustrializationandmaterialprogressofthetime.In

39

,itbecamenecessarytorethink

40

ideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andintriduality.[單選題]13.______.A.forB.inC.outD.off正確答案：A參考解析：句意：實(shí)用主義要求想法和理論經(jīng)過實(shí)踐的檢驗(yàn)，從而確定實(shí)踐這一想法或理論是否會產(chǎn)生令人期許的結(jié)果。聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處是想表達(dá)實(shí)用主義的內(nèi)涵。callfor表示“需要；提倡”，符合句意，故A項(xiàng)正確。callin召來。callout大叫。calloff取消，放棄。PragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamajorimpactonAmericanculturefromthelate19thcenturytothepresent.Pragmatismcalls

21

ideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,by

22

whetheractingupontheideaortheoryproducesdesirableorundesirableresults.Theideasofthepragmatistswereconsidered

23

whentheyfirstappeared.Tosomecritics,pragmatism’s

24

toaffirmanyabsolutestandardscardednegativeimplicationsforsociety.

25

,pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists,but

26

thattheseconceptsarechangeableanddependonthe

27

inwhichtheyarebeingdiscussed.The

28

oftheseabsolutes,criticsfeared,couldresultina(n)

29

inmoralstandards.Thepragmatists’denialofabsolutes,

30

,challengedthefoundationsofreligion,government,andschoolsofthought.

31

,pragmatisminfluenceddevelopmentsinpsychology,sociology,andmanyotherschoolsandmovements.

32

politicalgroupshavealsodrawn

33

theassumptionsofpragmatism,fromtheprogressivemovementsoftheearly20thcenturytolaterexperimentsinsocialreform.Pragmatismisbest

34

initshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringthelate19thcentury,aperiodofrapidscientificadvancement

35

bythetheoriesofBritishbiologistCharlesDarwin,whosetheories

36

tomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareina

37

stateofprogress.Duringthissameperiod,adeclinein

38

religiousbeliefsandvaluesaccompaniedtheindustrializationandmaterialprogressofthetime.In

39

,itbecamenecessarytorethink

40

ideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andintriduality.[單選題]14.______.A.discussingB.predictingC.assessingD.questioning正確答案：C參考解析：聯(lián)系語境可知，想法和理論接受實(shí)踐的檢驗(yàn)，自然是為了確定某種結(jié)果。assess確定，評估。符合句意，因此C項(xiàng)正確。discuss討論。predict預(yù)測。question提問，質(zhì)疑。PragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamajorimpactonAmericanculturefromthelate19thcenturytothepresent.Pragmatismcalls

21

ideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,by

22

whetheractingupontheideaortheoryproducesdesirableorundesirableresults.Theideasofthepragmatistswereconsidered

23

whentheyfirstappeared.Tosomecritics,pragmatism’s

24

toaffirmanyabsolutestandardscardednegativeimplicationsforsociety.

25

,pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists,but

26

thattheseconceptsarechangeableanddependonthe

27

inwhichtheyarebeingdiscussed.The

28

oftheseabsolutes,criticsfeared,couldresultina(n)

29

inmoralstandards.Thepragmatists’denialofabsolutes,

30

,challengedthefoundationsofreligion,government,andschoolsofthought.

31

,pragmatisminfluenceddevelopmentsinpsychology,sociology,andmanyotherschoolsandmovements.

32

politicalgroupshavealsodrawn

33

theassumptionsofpragmatism,fromtheprogressivemovementsoftheearly20thcenturytolaterexperimentsinsocialreform.Pragmatismisbest

34

initshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringthelate19thcentury,aperiodofrapidscientificadvancement

35

bythetheoriesofBritishbiologistCharlesDarwin,whosetheories

36

tomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareina

37

stateofprogress.Duringthissameperiod,adeclinein

38

religiousbeliefsandvaluesaccompaniedtheindustrializationandmaterialprogressofthetime.In

39

,itbecamenecessarytorethink

40

ideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andintriduality.[單選題]15.______.A.reasonableB.credibleC.revolutionaryD.attractive正確答案：C參考解析：句意：實(shí)用主義者的想法一出現(xiàn)就被認(rèn)為具有革命性意義。本段提到實(shí)用主義思想經(jīng)歷了批評者的質(zhì)疑，因?yàn)樗魬?zhàn)了宗教、政府和思想流派的根本，由此可知，實(shí)用主義是一股具有革命性的思潮。revolutionary表示“革命性的”，符合句意，故C項(xiàng)正確。reasonable合理的。credible可靠的。revolutionary革命性。PragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamajorimpactonAmericanculturefromthelate19thcenturytothepresent.Pragmatismcalls

21

ideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,by

22

whetheractingupontheideaortheoryproducesdesirableorundesirableresults.Theideasofthepragmatistswereconsidered

23

whentheyfirstappeared.Tosomecritics,pragmatism’s

24

toaffirmanyabsolutestandardscardednegativeimplicationsforsociety.

25

,pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists,but

26

thattheseconceptsarechangeableanddependonthe

27

inwhichtheyarebeingdiscussed.The

28

oftheseabsolutes,criticsfeared,couldresultina(n)

29

inmoralstandards.Thepragmatists’denialofabsolutes,

30

,challengedthefoundationsofreligion,government,andschoolsofthought.

31

,pragmatisminfluenceddevelopmentsinpsychology,sociology,andmanyotherschoolsandmovements.

32

politicalgroupshavealsodrawn

33

theassumptionsofpragmatism,fromtheprogressivemovementsoftheearly20thcenturytolaterexperimentsinsocialreform.Pragmatismisbest

34

initshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringthelate19thcentury,aperiodofrapidscientificadvancement

35

bythetheoriesofBritishbiologistCharlesDarwin,whosetheories

36

tomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareina

37

stateofprogress.Duringthissameperiod,adeclinein

38

religiousbeliefsandvaluesaccompaniedtheindustrializationandmaterialprogressofthetime.In

39

,itbecamenecessarytorethink

40

ideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andintriduality.[單選題]16.______.A.effortB.refusalC.intentionD.hesitation正確答案：B參考解析：句意：對一些批評者來說，實(shí)用主義者拒絕相信絕對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給社會帶來了負(fù)面影響。后一句提到“pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists”，由此可知，實(shí)用主義者不相信絕對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，refusal表示“拒絕”，符合句意，故選B項(xiàng)。effort努力。intention意圖。hesitation猶豫不決。PragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamajorimpactonAmericanculturefromthelate19thcenturytothepresent.Pragmatismcalls

21

ideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,by

22

whetheractingupontheideaortheoryproducesdesirableorundesirableresults.Theideasofthepragmatistswereconsidered

23

whentheyfirstappeared.Tosomecritics,pragmatism’s

24

toaffirmanyabsolutestandardscardednegativeimplicationsforsociety.

25

,pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists,but

26

thattheseconceptsarechangeableanddependonthe

27

inwhichtheyarebeingdiscussed.The

28

oftheseabsolutes,criticsfeared,couldresultina(n)

29

inmoralstandards.Thepragmatists’denialofabsolutes,

30

,challengedthefoundationsofreligion,government,andschoolsofthought.

31

,pragmatisminfluenceddevelopmentsinpsychology,sociology,andmanyotherschoolsandmovements.

32

politicalgroupshavealsodrawn

33

theassumptionsofpragmatism,fromtheprogressivemovementsoftheearly20thcenturytolaterexperimentsinsocialreform.Pragmatismisbest

34

initshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringthelate19thcentury,aperiodofrapidscientificadvancement

35

bythetheoriesofBritishbiologistCharlesDarwin,whosetheories

36

tomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareina

37

stateofprogress.Duringthissameperiod,adeclinein

38

religiousbeliefsandvaluesaccompaniedtheindustrializationandmaterialprogressofthetime.In

39

,itbecamenecessarytorethink

40

ideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andintriduality.[單選題]17.______.A.InturnB.AboveallC.ForexampleD.Inaddition正確答案：C參考解析：句意：比如，實(shí)用主義者不相信存在絕對的善良和絕對的正義，而認(rèn)為這些觀念是變化的，取決于討論的語境。由前文提到absolutestandards和后文的absoluteideaofgoodnessorjustice可知，此處是通過舉例來具體說明前一句中實(shí)用主義者的思想。forexample表示“例如”，符合句意，故C項(xiàng)正確。inturn輪流。aboveall首先。inaddition除此。PragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamajorimpactonAmericanculturefromthelate19thcenturytothepresent.Pragmatismcalls

21

ideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,by

22

whetheractingupontheideaortheoryproducesdesirableorundesirableresults.Theideasofthepragmatistswereconsidered

23

whentheyfirstappeared.Tosomecritics,pragmatism’s

24

toaffirmanyabsolutestandardscardednegativeimplicationsforsociety.

25

,pragmatistsdonotbelievethatasingleabsoluteideaofgoodnessorjusticeexists,but

26

thattheseconceptsarechangeableanddependonthe

27

inwhichtheyarebeingdiscussed.The

28

oftheseabsolutes,criticsfeared,couldresultina(n)

29

inmoralstandards.Thepragmatists’denialofabsolutes,

30

,challengedthefoundationsofreligion,government,andschoolsofthought.

31

,pragmatisminfluenceddevelopmentsinpsychology,sociology,andmanyotherschoolsandmovements.

32

politicalgroupshavealsodrawn

33

theassumptionsofpragmatism,fromtheprogressivemovementsoftheearly20thcenturytolaterexperimentsinsocialreform.Pragmatismisbest

34

initshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringthelate19thcentury,aperiodofrapidscientificadvancement

35

bythetheoriesofBritishbiologistCharlesDarwin,whosetheories

36

tomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareina

37

stateofprogress.Duringthissameperiod,adeclinein

38

religiousbeliefsandvaluesaccompaniedtheindustrializationandmaterialprogressofthetime.In

39

,itbecamenecessarytorethink

40

ideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andintriduality.[單選題]18.______.A.ratherB.alsoC.stillD.even正確答案：A參考解析：not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。rather表示“而是……”，符合句意，故A項(xiàng)正確。also也。still仍然。even甚至。Pragmatismisaphilosophicalmovementthathashadamaj