旅游景點(diǎn)名稱翻譯中的問題及其策略

PAGE求真學(xué)院學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文題目TheProblemsintheTranslationofNamesofTouristAttractionandtheirStrategies旅游景點(diǎn)名稱翻譯中的問題及其策略專業(yè)英語班級(jí)XX學(xué)生姓名XX學(xué)號(hào)XX指導(dǎo)教師XX2012年3月10日TheProblemsintheTranslationofNamesofTouristAttractionandtheirStrategiesPresentedtoTheForeignLanguageDepartmentQiuzhenCollegeHuzhouTeachers’CollegeInPartialFulfillmentOftheRequirementsFortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsByXXUndertheSupervisionofMs.XXMarch2012ContentsAcknowledgments i AbstractinEnglish iiAbstractinChinese ii 1.Introduction 1 2.NamesofTouristAttraction 2 2.1FeaturesoftheNamesofTouristAttraction 22.2ClassificationsoftheNamesofTouristAttraction 22.3FunctionsoftheNamesofTouristAttraction 4 3.ThePresentSituationoftheTranslationofNamesofTouristAttraction 53.1TheProblems 53.1.1IncongruousNames 53.1.2Misunderstanding 63.1.3CulturalLoss 73.2CausesBehindTheseProblems 73.2.1DifferenceinLanguagesandCultures 83.2.2DifferenceinTraditionalCustoms 84.StrategiesforTranslatingNamesofTouristAttraction 94.1Transliteration 94.2Freetranslation 104.3TransliterationplusFreetranslation 114.4TransliterationplusExplanation 125.Conclusion 14Bibliography 15PAGEiiAcknowledgments Atthepointoffinishingthispaper,I’dliketoexpressmydeepestthankstoallthosewhohavegivenmehelpinthecourseofmywritingthispaper.Firstandforemost,I’dliketoshowmydeepestgratitudetomysupervisor,Ms.XX,arespectable,responsibleandresourcefulteacher,whohasgivenmesomuchusefuladvicesonmystudyandwriting,andhastriedherbesttoimprovemystudyandpaper.Secondly,I’dliketoexpressmygratitudetomyroommateswhogavemetheconfidenceandofferedmetheirhelp.Lastbutnottheleast,I’dliketothankallmyEnglishteachersinthecollegeofforeignlanguages.Withouttheirhelp,itwouldbeimpossibleformetofinishmystudyandpaper.

AbstractNowadays，thepresentsituationofthetranslationofnamesoftouristattractionisunpromisingandevenithas,tosomeextentimpairedthedevelopmentofournationaltourism.Thisthesisisaimedtoinvestigatetheproblemsinthetranslationofnamesoftouristattractionandthestrategiesforsolvingtheseproblems.Firstly,thisthesisanalysesthefeatures,classificationsandfunctionofnamesoftouristattraction.Thenitpointesoutthecausesbehindtheseproblems:differenceinthelanguagesandcultures,differenceintraditionalcustoms.Basedonthis,ittriestoproposethestrategiesfortheseproblemssuchastransliteration,freetranslation,transliterationplusfreetranslation,transliterationplusexplanation,whichcanbeusedtosolvetheseproblemseffectivelyandachievethebestpublicityforthetouristattraction.KeyWords:namesoftouristattraction，features，cultures,problemsinthetranslation，strategies摘要目前，旅游景點(diǎn)名稱翻譯的現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀，不正確的翻譯已經(jīng)制約了我國旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。本文旨在探討旅游景點(diǎn)名稱翻譯中的問題及其解決這些問題的策略。文章首先分析了旅游景點(diǎn)名稱的特點(diǎn)，分類和功能，然后指出問題產(chǎn)生的原因：不同的語言文化和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗；在此基礎(chǔ)上嘗試著提出了解決旅游景點(diǎn)名稱翻譯中問題的策略。作者認(rèn)為直譯，意譯，直譯加意譯，直譯加解釋等方法可以有效地解決其翻譯中的問題，從而使其達(dá)到最佳的宣傳效果。關(guān)鍵詞：旅游景點(diǎn)名稱，特點(diǎn)，文化，翻譯問題，策略PAGE14PAGE14TheProblemsintheTranslationofNamesofTouristAttractionandtheirStrategies1.IntroductionTourismisoneofthelargestmultinationalactivitiesintheworld.AccordingtoWTO’sforecast,thegainofinternationaltripswillhavealmostreachedabout1.6milliondollarsbytheyear2020.Chinaissettobetheworld’slargestdestinationandthefourthmajorsourceoftouristsby2020.ThisgreatgrowthoffersgoldenopportunitiesaswellasauniquesetofchallengesforChinabecausethehistoryoftourisminChinaismuchshortercomparedwiththedevelopedcountries.WiththeeverdeepeningofChina’sreformandopen-uppolicy,thefastdevelopmentofthenationaltourismandincreasedtouristgrowthratescallforanequallyacceleratedpreparationwithrespecttostandardizedservice.Duringthedevelopmentoftourism,moreandmoreforeignvisitorscometoChinatogetabetterunderstandingofitsuniquehistoryandcultureandenjoyitsdiverselandscapes.Inordertofulfilltheneedoftheforeigntourists,thetourcompanies,travelagencies,publishinghousesofvarioussortsproducealargenumberoftourismmaterialsfortheirreference.AsEnglishhasbecomethemostwidelyusedlanguagearoundtheworldthroughoutthepreviouscenturies,ChinesegovernmentandtheofficialsofthetouristattractionhavemadethenamesoftouristattractiontranslatedintoEnglish.However,becauseofthegreatlinguisticandculturaldifferencesbetweentheEastandWest,therearemanydifficultiesinthetranslation.Atpresent,thequalityofthetranslationofthenamesoftouristattractionisfarfromexcellent.Numerousandseriouserrorscanbefoundinthetranslationalloverthenation.Thedevelopmentofournationaltourismhasbeenimpairedbytheincorrecttranslation.Themainproblemsinthetranslationareincongruousnames,syntacticerrorsandculturalloss.Thetranslationproblemscausedbyculturallossinthetranslationofnamesoftouristattractionaresoconspicuousthattheyneedtobesolvedimmediately.Thisthesisisatentativestudyoffindingthemainproblemsinthetranslationofnamesoftouristattractionandproposingthestrategiesforsolvingtheproblemsinthetranslationofnamesoftouristattraction.2.NamesofTouristAttraction2.1.FeaturesoftheNamesofTouristAttraction1.Thetouristattractionhasitsownpropernameandcommonname,justlikeourpeople’sname.Thepropernameislikepeople’sfamilyname.Itisthesigntodistinguishaclassoftouristattractionsandothers,suchas“殿”,“樓”,“橋”.Thecommonnameislikepeople’sfirstname.Itisthesigntodistinguishthesameclassoftouristnames,suchas“太和殿”,“中和殿”,“保和殿”.2.Thenameoftouristattractionshouldbeshortandsuitable.Themainfunctionofthenameoftouristattractionistodistinguishthetouristattraction,therefore,itcannotbetoolong.InthenamesofChinesetouristattraction,thenameisoftenlimitedwithinfourwords.Forexample,“居庸疊翠”，“盧溝曉月”.3.Thenameshouldbeeasytorememberfortourists.Thewordwhichishardtopronounceorsimilarinpronouncesoruncommonshouldavoidbeingusedinthenameoftouristattraction,suchas“九牛居”,“釣鳥臺(tái)”.4.Languageandculturearealwayslinkedclosely．Namesoftouristattractionarethecarriersofculture.Manyfamoustouristattractionsarenamedaccordingtotheirhistoricbuildings,eventsandstoriesorsomethingspecialcustoms.Thenamesoftouristattractionaresupposedtoconveytheinformationandculturetothetourists.2.2ClassificationoftheNamesofTouristAttractionGenerallyspeaking,thetouristattractioninChinacanbedividedintofivemainkinds:landscenery,watersscenery,biologicalandclimaticscenery,ancientcitiesandruins,andarchitectureandfacilities.1.Landscenery.Chinahasavastterritoryandcomplicatedgeologicalandgeographicconditions.Landformslikemountains,canyons,cliffs,volcanoes,andcoralreefsarenature’sgreatwondersthatneverfailtoimpresspeople.Chinaishometomanyfamousmountains,suchasthefivegreatmountains.Theywerenamedaccordingtotheirgeographiclocations,includingMountTaishantotheeastinShandongProvince,MountHuashantothewestinShaanxiProvince,MountHengshantothesouthinHunanProvince,MountHengshan(withthesamenamesoundbutdifferentcharactersinChinese)tothenorthinShanxiProvince,andMountSongshaninthecenterinHenanProvince.2.Watersscenery.ThereareagreatnumberofriversflowingonthelandofChina.YangtzeRiveristhelongestoneinChina.LijiangRiverisabrightpearlamongChina’sbeautifulmountainsandrivers.Chinaisacountrywithnumerouslakes,amongwhichQinghaiLakeisthelargestone.Landscapeofwaterfalls,landscapeofsprings,andlandscapeofoceansallreflectthebeautyofwatersscenery.ThemostfamousscenicspotsaretheHukouWaterfall,theHuangguoshuWaterfall,theDiaoshuilouWaterfall,BeidaiheBeachResort,andQingdaoBathingBeachResort.3.Biologicalandclimaticscenery.Biologicallandscapeincludesfamousforests,grasslandandwoodland-steppe,landscapeofflowers,andhabitatofwildanimals.TheGreatXing’anRangeispraisedasthegreen-treasurehouseofthemotherland.TheInnerMongoliaGrasslandistheleadingofChina’sfivelargestgrasslands.Therearesomelandscapesofnaturalphenomenonandclimate,forexample,SunriseinMountTaishan,SeaofClouds,Erhai’sMoon,andThreePoolsMirroringtheMoon.4.Ancientcitiesandruins.Chinaisnotonlyoneofthefourgreatnationsintheworldwithanancientcivilization,butalsooneofthecradlelandsofancienthumanoccurrenceandevolution.Inthelonghistory,Chinesepeoplehavecreatedcolorfulmaterialsandnon-materialculturalheritages,especiallytheruinsandhistoricalrelicsites,whicharetreatedasthemostimportanttourismresources.Inthiscategory,wehavemanyfamousscenicspots:thecradleoftheChineserevolution—Jinggangshan,ancienttemplesliketheConfuciusTemple,ancientcenteroftransportation—TheSilkRoad,theancientcityofPingyaoinShanxiProvinceandsoon.5.Architectureandfacilities.Chinaisacountrywithalonghistoryandanancientculturalheritage.HistoryhasleftbehindinChinamanyoldandoutstandingarchitecturalrelics,ofwhichthemostfamousistheGreatWall.Toworshipnatureandtheirancestors,peoplehavebuiltcountlesssacrificialestablishmentsinvariousstyles.TheTempleofHeaveniswellknownallovertheworld.Gardenarchitectureincludesimperialgardens,privategardensfallsintothiscategory.Peopleareeagertovisitartmuseums,themeparks,Buddhismpagodas,Chineseresidences,famousancientimperialtombs,andtrafficandwaterconservancyconstructions.ThetypicalscenicspotsareSummerPalace,theForbiddenCity,Disneyland,BigWildGoosePagoda,andZhaozhouStoneBridge,etc(Dongxu).2.3.FunctionsoftheNamesofTouristAttractionThenameoftouristattractionisjustlikeasignboardofthetouristattraction.Havingagoodandsuitablenameforthetouristattractionhasagreatmeaningaswellasmakingasuccessfuladvertising.Ithasagreatinfluenceonimprovingthereputeofthetouristattraction,increasingthepopularityofthetouristattractionandpromotingthedevelopmentofthenationaltourism.Firstly,manynamesoftouristattractionhavetheirownculturalconnotation.Acorrectandsuitablenamehelpstoshowtheculturetothetourists.Thetouristscanappreciatethebeautifulstoryorcustomsaswellasenjoyingthebeautyofthetouristattraction.Suchas萬里長城、十三陵、唐蕃會(huì)盟碑、白馬寺、焚書坑.Theyareallnamedaccordingtothehistoricaleventsorhistoricalallusions。Secondly,agoodandsuitablenameofthetouristattractionhasagoodinfluenceonmakingthetouristsrememberthetouristattraction.Ifthenameoftouristattractionleavesgreatimpressiontothetouristandletthemunderstandthebeautybehindthename,thetouristswillrememberitandwanttocomeagain.TherearemanyexamplesinChinesetouristattraction,suchas長城(GreatWall),蘇州園林(Suzhou

Gardens)，秦始皇兵馬俑(Qin

Terra-Cotta

Warriors

and

Horses

Figurines),西山晴雪(

the

Sunny

Western

Hills

after

Snow).Thirdly,agoodandsuitablenameoftouristattractionalsocanbeagreatwaytointroduceournationandnationalculturetoforeigntourists.Touristscanlearnalotfromit,suchasourculture,custom,language,lifestyle,beliefandsoon.Itfacilitatespromotingournationalopeningandstrengtheningthecommunicationbetweennations.Finally,agoodandsuitablenameoftouristattractionhasgreateffectuponincreasingtheincomeofthetouristattractionandimprovingthedevelopmentofnationaltourism.AccordingtotheWorldTourismOrganization’sprediction,Chinawillhavebecomethebiggesttouristdestinationallovertheworldby2020.Therefore,agoodandsuitablenameoftouristattractionwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttoimproveournationaltourismandincreasetheincomeofthetourism.3.ThePresentSituationoftheTranslationofNamesofTouristAttraction3.1TheProblemsWiththedevelopmentofournationaltourismtotheoutside,moreandmorepeoplepayattentiontothetranslationofthenameoftouristattraction.Butthepresentsituationofthetranslationofnamesoftouristattractionisunpromisingtosomeextent,whichhaveresultedinunsatisfactorycommunicationwithforeignvisitors,andeven,tosomeextent,haveimpairedthedevelopmentofournationaltourism.3.1.1IncongruousNamesInthetranslationofnamesoftouristattraction,differenttranslatorsusedifferenttranslatingmethods,whichleadstotheproblemofincongruousnames.Incongruousnamescanmaketheforeigntouristsfeeluncertainwhetherthosedifferentnamesrefertothesameattractionornot.Forexample: InNanjingYuhuataiCemeteryofRevolutionaryMartyrs,“雨花石博物館”istranslatedinto“RainFlowerStoneMuseum”onthetouristmapofBeimen,“YuhuaPebblesMuseum”onthetouristmapinfrontofthestatues,“TheMuseumofYuhuaStones”ontheAttractionAreamapofthedistributionfunction,“RainFlowerPebblesMuseum”onthesignsoftheattractions. InthecityofLiuzhou，“魚峰公園”hasfourEnglishnames:StandingFishPark,Standing-fishHillPark,YufengParkandYufengSceneryDistrict;“雀山公園”hasthreeEnglishnames:Que’erShanPark,QueShanParkandQue’erHillPark;“鵝山公園”alsohasthreeEnglishnames:EShanPark,ErshanHillParkandErshanYouthPark.Incongruousnamescanaffecttheeffectofthepublicityoftouristattractionanddamagetheimageoftouristattraction.Therefore,inordertoimprovetheimageoftouristattractionandattractmoretourists,itisimportanttomakethetranslationofthenameoftouristattractionmorenormativeandcongruous.3.1.2MisunderstandingMisunderstandingalsocanbeacommonmistakeinthetranslationofthenameoftouristattraction.Misunderstandingisoftencausedbydifferentlanguagesandculturesbetweenthesourcetextandtargettext.ThetranslatorsneglectthedifferencesbetweentheChineseandforeignculture.Forexample:ThefamousattractionofKaifeng“清明上河園”wastranslatedin“Parkwithup-the-River-on-ChingmingFestivalviews”.However,“uptheriver”isaslang.Itmeans“putintotheprison”.Itdidnotfitthemeaningbehindthenameoftheparkandmightgivetheforeigntouristsbadimpression.AnotherfamousattractioninKaifeng“包公祠”wastranslatedinto“TheMemorialTempleofLordBao”.Although“LordBao”keepstheformoflanguageclearandcoherent,itisnoteasyfortouriststounderstand.BaoZhengisahistoricalfigureandhisimagerepresentsfairnessandprobity.AndhehasgreatprestigeinChinesepeopleallovertheworld.“包大人”isanametoshowourrespect.“Lord”couldnotshowthewholemeaningbehindthisname.（林玉華,2008）Inordertoavoidthemisunderstanding,translatorsshouldpaygreatattentiontothedifferencesintraditionalcustomsandlanguageandculturebetweenChinaandforeigncountries.AndtranslatorsshouldkeepimprovingtheirEnglishlevelandlearningforeignculturalinformationandcustomsduringtheirstudyandlife.3.1.3CulturalLossInthetranslationofthenameoftouristattraction,translatorsalwaysneglecttheculturalinformationbehindthenameandgiveprecedencetotheword.Thiskindofword-for-wordtranslationleadstheincorrecttranslation.Forexample:(1)“寒山寺”isafamoustouristattractioninChinaanditwasoftentranslatedinto“ColdMountainTemple”.Actually,theTempleisnotlocatedinamountaincalled“Coldmountain”.Itisnamedwithafterafamousmonkinthistemplecalled“Hanshan”.Therefore,“HanshanTemple”maybeabettername.（丁欣,2010）(2)“青羊?qū)m”iscalled“GreyGoatPalace”.Usuallytheword“宮”,correspondstotheword“palace”inEnglish.But,here,thenameofscenicspotdoesntconformtotherealstateoftheplacebecause“青羊?qū)m”issimplyaTaoisttemple.Sotheplaceshouldbetranslatedas“GreyGoatTaoistTemple”（Dongxu）.Theculturalinformationbehindtouristattractionsreflectsournationalcharacteristic.ItisalsooneofthemostattractivereasonswhytheforeigntouristsenjoythemselvesduringtheirvisittoChina.Theculturalinformationplaysaveryimportantroleinshowingourcountrytotheforeignpeopleandimprovingournationalimageintheworld.However,theincorrecttranslationnotonlyhasnocontributiontoattractingthetouristsforthetouristattractions,butalsowillmaketheattractionslosetheirglamour,thusimpedingthedevelopmentoftourismandadverselyaffectingournationalimage.3.2CausesBehindTheseProblemsThereisacloserelationshipbetweentourismandculture.Developingtourism,tosomeextent,isexchangingculture.ThetranslationofthenameoftouristattractionisnotonlytherenderingbetweenChineseandEnglish,butalsoacommunicationandexchangeofChineseandforeignculture.Therearedifferencesbetweendifferentcountries,sotheproblemscausedbydifferentculturesaremorecomplicatedthanthosecausedbydifferenceinlanguagestructure.Inordertomakeagoodtranslation,thetranslatoralsoshouldhaveagreatunderstandingofhisnativecultureandtargetlanguageculture,suchaslanguageandliterature,historyandgeography,religiousbelief,traditionalcustoms,architectandart,etc.Sometimestheknowledgeofbiologyandarchaeologyisalsoneeded.3.2.1DifferenceinLanguagesandCulturesThereisagreatdifferencebetweenthestylesofChineseandEnglish,ChineseisaparatacticlanguageandtheEnglishisahypotacticlanguage.Thisisfullyreflectedinthenameoftouristattraction.TheChinesenameoftouristattractionischaracterizedbythedescriptivelanguageandheavyuseoffour-characterphrases,suchas鐵塔行云、相國霜鐘、柳浪聞鶯.Abeautifulnamewillstirthetouriststheimaginationandmakethemenjoythevisit.TheEnglishnameoftouristattractionischaracterizedbyitssyntacticstructure,simplewordsandbeingparticularaboutknowledgeandscientific,suchas“GreatBarrierReef”,“TimesSquare”,“YellowstoneNationalPark”.Therefore,intranslatingnamesoftouristattractions,ifthetranslatorfailstoconsiderthedifferencesinlanguageandculturebetweenEnglishandChinese,poortranslationorwrongtranslationwillarise.3.2.2DifferencesinTraditionalCustomsBecauseofdifferentlivingenvironment,peopleinChinaandWesterncountrieshavedifferentinterpretationsonthesamething.Let’stakethe“bat”asanexample.InChinesetraditionalcustoms,itisasymbolofgoodfortune.Wecanfinditonmanyancientbuildingsandcarvedstones.However,inthewesterncountries,thebatisthesymbolofvampireandthepronounofevil.Therefore,whenwetranslate“桂林漓江的蝙蝠山”,weshouldtrytoconnectitwithgoodwishes.Otherwise,theforeigntouristswillbediscouragedfromvisitingthisattraction.Duringthetranslationofthenameoftouristattraction,thetranslatorsshouldintroducethebackgroundofChinesecultureandtrytheirbesttoconveythecorrectculturalinformationoftheattractiontothetourists.Itcouldbeausefulwaytoavoidthemisunderstanding.Suchas“龍”,itcanbefoundinalotofChinesenamesoftouristattractions.Itisthesymbolofdivinityandpeaceinourculture.Butifitwastranslatedinto“Dragon”,theculturalinformationwasdestroyed.Dragoninwesterncultureisthesymbolofevil.Thus,wecantranslate“龍”into“l(fā)oong”.StrategiesforTranslatingNamesofTouristAttractionThetranslationofthenamesoftouristattractionisdifferentfromthetranslationofthenameofadministrativeregion.Somehistoricalandculturalknowledgeisneededinthetranslationandithasitsownfeaturesandfunctions.Inordertomakethecorrecttranslation,thetranslatorsnotonlyneedinterculturalknowledge,butalsoshouldknowthemethodsandskillsofthetranslation.HereIproposesfourstrategiesfortranslatingnamesoftouristattraction:transliteration,freetranslation,transliterationwithfreetranslationsandtransliterationwithexplanation.4.1TransliterationTransliterationisthepracticeofconvertingatextfromonescriptintoanother,ofteninasystematicway.Itcanformanessentialpartoftranscriptionwhichconvertstextfromonewritingsystemintoanother.Transliterationisnotconcernedwithrepresentingthephonemicsoftheoriginal:itonlystrivestoaccuratelyrepresentthecharacters.Therearealotofpropernounsinthenameoftouristattractionandwecannotfindthecorrespondingtargetlanguageexpressionsforthesepropernouns.Thesepropernounsarealwaysfullofculturalinformation.Therefore,translatorscannottranslatethembysimplewordsandiflongtermsused,itcannotbethenameoftouristattraction.Therefore,translatorscanturntothetransliterationtotranslatethesenames.Suchas“楚天臺(tái)”:Chutiantai“蘭風(fēng)蕙露”:Lanfenghuilu.ThesenamesoftouristattractionsarehardtofindsuitablewordsinEnglish,therefore,transliterationcanbeasuitablemethod.Transliterationalsohasitsdisadvantage:asimpletransliterationcouldnotgiveanyrealculturalinformationtotheforeigntouristsandtheforeigntouristscannotunderstandthecultureofthenameofattraction.Thus,thoughtransliterationisthesimplestmethodoftranslation,itisusedrarelyinthetranslation4.2FreeTranslationFreetranslationreproducesthematterwithoutthemanner,orthecontentwithouttheformoftheoriginal.Usuallyitisaparaphrasemuchlongerthantheoriginal,aso-called“intralingualtranslation”,oftenprolixandpretentious,andnottranslationatall.(Newmark,2004:145.)Withtheuseoffreetranslation,thetranslatorpaysmoreattentiontothemeaningoftheoriginalworksandtheoriginaltextandsooninsteadoftheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeandeletingoraddinginformationfreely.Translatorsmustconsidertheoriginaltextcarefully,knowtheimportantinformationandexpressthemeaningoftheoriginalinanaturalway.Inthiscase,translatorsmustfamiliarizethemselveswiththecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.Withtheuseoffreetranslation,thenamesoftouristattractionbeclearandconcise.AndthesenamescanbeunderstoodeasilybythetouristsandintroduceChinesetourismculturebetter.TherearemanynamesoftouristattractiontranslatedbythismethodinourHuangshanscenicspot.Forexample,“迎客松”:GreetingPine,“臥龍松”:theCrouchingDragonPine,“獅子峰”:theLionPeak,“慈光閣”:theMercyLightTemple,“百丈泉”:theThousandFeetSpring,“天都峰”:theHeavenlyCapitalPeak.Let’slookat“迎客松”:GreetingPinefirst.InChineseculture,itmeansbeingfriendlyandpassionate.Thepineisjustlikeahostwelcomingtheguestfromalloverworld.Thepineisanthropomorphicandthe“greetingpine”canshowthewholemeaningof“迎客松”clearly.Wealsocanfindthenamestranslatedbythismethodinthe“TheGrandViewGarden”.Thesetranslationscangiveplaytothefunctionthenameofthetouristattractionandmaketheforeigntouristsenjoytherichculturalinformationbehindit.Example“大觀園里的主要建筑有:園門、曲徑通幽、沁芳亭、怡紅院、瀟湘館、秋爽齋、滴翠亭、藕香榭、蘆雪庭、凸碧山莊、凹晶溪館、櫳翠庵、暖香塢、省親別墅牌坊和顧恩恩義殿等(ThemainbuildingsintheGrandViewGardenaretheGardenGate,AWindingPathLeadingtoaSecludedRetreat,theSeepingFragrancePavilion,theHappyRedCourt,theBambooLodge,theStudioofAutumnFreshness,theDrippingEmeraldPavilion,theLotusFragranceCourt,theReedSnowCottage,theConvexEmeraldHalltheConcaveCrystalLodge,theGreenLatticeNunnery,theWarmScentedArbor,theArchwayinfrontoftheHouseofReunionandtheHallofRecallingImperialFavorandMindfulofDuty,andsoon.).”（林玉華,2008）.Inthisparagraph,the“沁芳亭”:theSeepingFragrancePavilionisagoodsample.Thetranslatordescribethebeautythroughthe“SeepingFragrance”andmakestouristsunderstandthebeautyandtheculturalinformationbehindthenameeasily.Whentouristsseethename,theycanpictureatemptingimageintheirmind.Whenusingfreetranslation,thetranslatorsmustpaymoreattentiontothedeepmeaninginsteadofdoingthetranslationbasedonthesurfacemeaning.4.3TransliterationplusFreeTranslationThe“transliterationplusfreetranslation”canbeexpressedastheendocentricphraseof“propername+typename”fromthegrammarstructure.The“propername”referstothenameoftouristattraction,andthe“typename”referstothenamewhichisusedtojudgeanddifferentiatethetypeofthenameoftouristattraction.Thismethodusesboth“pinyin”andEnglishinthenameoftouristattraction,transliterationisusedinthetranslationofthe“propername”andfreetranslationisusedinthetranslationofthe“typename”.ThereisnoneedtotranslatesomeofthenamesoftouristattractionbyEnglish,becausetheyhavenospecialmeaningsinthename.Forexample,“嶺南庭院”:LingnanCourtyards.Touristattractionscanbemainlydividedintotwokinds:naturallandscapeandculturallandscape.Thenameofnaturallandscapeoftenconsistsofthewordswhichexpressthegeographicortopographicfeatures,andthenameofculturallandscapealwayshaspolitical,economic,military,cultural,religiousfeaturesbecauseofthedevelopmentofhistoryandculture.Bothnaturalandculturallandscapesallhavecommonintheirtypenames.Thetypenamesofnaturallandscapeofteninclude:山(mountain,hill)、巖(rock,cliff)、峰(peak)、崖(cliff)、溝(ravine)、溪(stream)、嶺(ridge,hill)、潭(poolpond)、瀑布(waterfall)、泉(spring)、湖(lake)、洞(cave)、池(lake,pond,pool)、運(yùn)河(canal)、堰(weir).Forexample,“京杭大運(yùn)河”:GreatJing-HangCanal“都江堰”:theDujiangWeir.Andthetypenamesofculturallandscapeofteninclude:寺(temple)、塔(pagoda)、樓(tower)、宮(palace)、廟(temple)、陵(tomb,mausoleum)、祠(shrine)、園(garden)、山莊(villa)、亭(pavilion)、庵(convent,nunnery)、閣(hallpavilion)、齋(house,hallstudy,room)、故居(formerresidence)、石窟(grotto)、園林(garden,park)。Forexample,“光孝寺”:Guangxia