山東省濰坊臨朐第一中學2024-2025學年高二下學期開學考試英語試題

高二英語開學檢測英語試題注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題。從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhydidthemanfailtoseethefilmlastSunday?A.Hewasn’tinterestedinit.B.Hedidn’tgetaticket.C.Heworkedovertime.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:DidyougotoseeDisney’smusicalfairytaleWishlastSunday?W:Yes.Itwasbrilliant.Whataboutyou?M:Notyet.SomeoneIworkwithwentandsaiditwaswonderful.IwishI’dbeenabletogetaticket.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Wheremightthespeakersbe?A.Inanoffice. B.Inabank. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whatabusyday!Bytheway,havewereceivedpaymentfortheoverseasorderwedeliveredlastweek?M:Yes.Thechequecameinourpanythismorning.I’llbedepositingitduringourlunchbreak.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhenwasthefirsteditionoftheHandbookoftheBeltandRoadpublished?A.In2010. B.In2018. C.In2023.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youlookhappy,Alice.Anygoodnews?W:TheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesreleasedtwobookstomarkits10thanniversary.TheyareBeltandRoadInitiative:Past,TodayandFuture,andtheEnglishlanguageversionofthe2023editionoftheHandbookoftheBeltandRoad.M:Really?Youknowthelatterwasfirstpublished5yearsago.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Goingtothezoocanmakehimfeelhappy.B.Heseldomwenttothezooinhischildhood.C.Itmaybenotgoodtokeepanimalsinthezoo.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wherewouldyouliketogomostinyourchildhood?W:Thezoo.Icanobservethebehaviorsandcharacteristicsofthecreatures.It’sanenjoyableandeducationalexperienceforme.M:Butisitthebestenvironmentfortheanimals?5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Arareflower. B.Anexhibition. C.Agarden.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wow,howbeautifulthefloweris!Whatisit?W:It’stheFloridaGhostOrchid.Itgetsitsnamefromitswhiteflower,whichlookslikeaghostfloatingintheair.ItwasrecentlytransportedtotheRoyalBotanicGardens,KewinsouthwestLondon,whereitisondisplay.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhydoesGracedecidetojointhepoetryclub?A.Shehasakeeninterestinpoetry.B.Shewantstowinthepetition.C.Sheneedstoimprovewritingskills.7.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheendofthesemester.B.Inthemiddleofthesemester.C.Atthebeginningofthesemester.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:James,gladtomeetyouhereafterthelongsummervacation.Haveyoudecidedwhichclubtojointhissemester?M:Notyet,Grace.Doyouknowaboutanyintroductionsofclubs?W:Yeah!Youcangotothedanceclub.IthasballroomdanceandLatinAmericandance.M:Asamatteroffact,whatIwanttolearnisHiphopdance.Well,what’syourchoice?W:Ihavedecidedtotakepartinthepoetryclub.MainlybecauseI’maninbornpoetrylover.M:Canyoutellmemoreaboutthepoetryclub?W:Itistheregularproviderofpoetryreadings,andit’sopentothepubliceveryThursday.Theclubmembersalsohaveachancetoattendartfestivalsandpoetrypetitions.M:Therearesomanyactivitiesinthepoetryclub.Youwillbeextremelybusythissemester.W:Yes.I’mlookingforwardtotheseactivities.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】8.HowdoesKristinlooktoTerry?A.Tired. B.Anxious. C.Excited.9.WhatattractsKristinmostaboutHangzhou?A.Itsrichhistory. B.Itsdeliciousfood. C.Itsbeautifulscenery.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Tourguideandtourist.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Kristin.Weleback.Youareontopoftheworld.W:Yeah,Terry.It’slovelytoseeyouagain.M:HowwasyourtripinHangzhou?W:Muchfun.Inadditiontoitsrichhistoryandquietandbeautifulscenery,theuniquecuisineappealstomemost.Ithasagreatvarietyofflavors.M:Wow,whatkindoffooddidyoutaste?W:Xihucuyu,thefriedshrimpwithLongjingteaandDongporou.Visitorscanexperiencethelocalculturethroughcasualsnacks.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?M:No.I’dreallyliketogothereonannualleavenextyear.Well,Iparkedthecarintheparkinglot.Isthisallyourluggage?W:Yes.Butthesuitcaseisveryheavy.Ibroughtsomespecialproductsforyouandothersinouroffice.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatisthemandoing?A.Tellingtrafficrules.B.Conductinganinterview.C.Sharinghisexperience.12.WhatdidPollysayaboutherfirstride?A.Shefeltworriedatfirst.B.Alltheriderswereadults.C.Peoplecrashedintoeachother.13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthe“bikebus”?A.It’sinconvenient. B.It’sdangerous. C.It’shelpful.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorningeveryone,weletoourprogram.EveryFridayinGlasgow,Scotland,wecanseekidsgotoschoolona“bikebus”.Today,wepresenttoyouJoWright,theinitiatorofthe“bikebus”.W:Hi,everyone.Myname’sJoWright.I’mgladtobeheretoday.M:OK.Sohowdidthe“bikebus”getitsname?W:Wehaveasetroute.Wegoatasettime,andtherearestopsontheway.Sothat’swhywe’relikeabus.M:Whendiditbegintobepopular?W:The“bikebus”becamepopularintheSpanishtownofVicin2021,andsincethenithasbeenspreadingacrosstheworld.M:Dideveryonefeelgoodduringtheirfirstride?W:AmothernamedPollytoldmethatthefirsttimeshewentonthe“bikebus”,shewasabitnervous.Shethoughtthereweremanykidsthere.Surely,peoplewouldhavecrashedintoeachother.Thatwasabitterrifying.Butactually,allthekidsknewtheyjusthadtokeepabitofspacearoundthem.Thegrownupswerebetweenthekidsandthetraffic.Anditwasfine.M:Doyouthinkitisafunwayforkidstogettoschool?W:Yes.Andit’sgoodforhealthandtheenvironment.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】14.OnwhichdaydidtheuniversityhosttheconcertinBeijing?A.October20th. B.October21st. C.October26th.15.Whatdidthestudentsdoaftertheconcerts?A.Theyparticipatedinthediscussion.B.Theyhadascientificexperiment.C.Theygaveaperformance.16.Whatarethespeakers?A.Middleschoolstudents. B.Highschoolstudents. C.Collegestudents.【答案】14.C15.A16.B【解析】【原文】M:Emily,theUniversityofChineseAcademyofScienceshostedconcertsonOct.20thand21st,2023inZhejiangprovince,andfivedayslaterinBeijing.Haveyouheardofit?W:Yes,mybrothertoldittome.ItalianflutistAndreaCecoriandpianistSebastianoBruscowereinvitedtoperform.Theconcertswerepartoftheuniversity’sVoiceofAutumnArtFeast,aseasonalartandmusicfestival,andtheConversationwithMastersseries,underwhichinternationalartistsareinvitedtogivelectures,exhibitionsandconcerts.M:WhenwastheConversationwithMastersseriesfounded?W:In2017inlinewiththeideaofbiningscienceandarteducationpromotedbyformerprofessorandfamousphysicist,TsungdaoLee.M:That’strue.Andaftertheconcerts,studentsdiscussedtopicsrelatedtoartandculturewiththemusicians,duringwhichItaliansgavedemonstrationswhileansweringquestionsabouttechnology.Thestudentswereveryenthusiasticaboutmusic.W:Theyweregreatwaysforstudentstospreadbeautyandpeaceallovertheworldthroughmusic.M:Yes.Andtheuniversitythinkstheycanstimulatestudents’creativityandsenseofhumanism.chetamoriW:Iexpecttopassthecollegeentranceexaminationandbeadmittedtothisuniversitynextyear.M:Metoo.Ibelievewecanmakeit!I’mwithyourefuel.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】17.Wheredidthemysteryboxesoriginatefrom?A.Japan. B.China. C.England.18.Howcanmysteryboxeshelpsuppliers?A.Raisetheprice. B.Keepcostsdown. C.Reducewaste.19.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardmysteryboxes?A.Disapproving. B.Neutral. C.Favorable.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tointroducethehistoryofgiftgiving.B.Toremendsomegoodwaysforshopping.C.Toshowtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofmysteryboxes.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】M:Mostofusknowwhatit’sliketogetpresentsfromfriends.Whetherit’sforabirthdayorothercelebration,it’shardtobeattheexcitementofopeningacarefullywrappedboxtofindsomethingunexpectedandperfectforyou.Now,imagineifyoucouldgetthesamefeelingwhenyougoshoppingforyourself.That’sthefeelingthatesfrommysteryboxes.MysteryboxescanbetracedbacktoJapan’stoysandluckybags.Theycontainarangeofdifferentproducts,whicharesoldatalowerprice.Thekeythingisthatcustomersdon’tknowwhat’sintheboxbeforetheybuy.Thepleasantsurpriseisnottheonlyattractionofmysteryboxes.Theyalsoallowpeopletotrythingsthattheyotherwisewouldn’t.Seasonalvegetablemysteryboxesmightleadpeopletolearntocooknewmeals.Theycanalsopossiblyoffergreatsavings.Forsuppliers,itallowsthemtosellunwantedstockforaprofit.Thiscanhelpreducewaste.Thereisanobviousdownsidetomysteryboxes—whenyoubuythem,youdon’tknowwhatyou’llget!Itmaybethatthegoodsinsidearenottoyourtaste.Ormaybethegoodshaveamuchlowervaluethanthepriceofthebox.So,mysteryboxesareafunwayofreducingwasteandmakingshoppingmoreexciting.However,sometimestheywillmakeyoudisappointed.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AManyoftenfindthemselvesconsideringjobsbelowtheirskilllevelinworseningemploymentmarkets.Butitturnsoutthatworkinginajobbelowyourskilllevelharmsyourlaterchancesofgettinghiredforabetterpayingjobmoreappropriatetoyourqualifications.SociologistDavidPedullaattheUniversityofTexasconductedastudytoexaminehowjobsbelowaperson’sskilllevelaffectfutureemployability.Hetailored2420applicationsandsubmittedthemto1,210joblistingspostedinfivemajorcitiesacrosstheU.S.Hevariedtheapplicationsbygender,andalsobyemploymentstatusforthepreviousyear.Thenheusedputermodelstoanalyzeandparetheresults.Theresultsshowthatapplicantswhowerepositionedasworkingbelowtheirskilllevel,regardlessofgenderhadthelowestchancesofgettingcalledforajobinterview.Theseresultsshouldserveasawarningtoanyoneconsideringtakingajobbelowtheirskilllevel.Whileitmightpaythebillsintheshortterm,itcansignificantlyhammerone’sabilitytoreturntotherelevantskilllevelandpaygradeatalaterdate.Whymightthisbethecase?Pedullaconductedafollowupstudywith903employers.Heaskedthemabouttheirideasofapplicantswitheachkindofemploymenthistory,andhowlikelytheywouldbetoremendeachkindofcandidatetoaninterview.Theresultsshowthatemployersbelievethatmenwhoareemployedinpositionsbelowtheirskilllevelarelessmittedandlesspetentthanmeninotheremploymentsituations.Thosesurveyedalsobelievedthatwomenworkingbelowtheirskilllevelwerelesspetentthanothers,butdidnotbelievethemtobelessmitted.Theresultsofstudiessuggestthatworkbelowskilllevelsignalstoemployersmen’sinpetenceandalackofmitment.Thisisadisturbingreminderthattheswordofgenderbias(偏見)doesinfactcutbothways.21.Whydomanypeoplechoosejobsbelowtheirskilllevel?A.Theyfearbearingduties. B.Theyfaceatougheconomy.C.Theylackselfconfidence. D.Theypursuebetterpayingjobs.22.Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthefirststudy?A.Bymakingparisons. B.Bydoingsurveys.C.Byconductinginterviews. D.Byresearchingexamples.23.Whatistheemployers’ideaaccordingtothefollowupstudy?AMenaremorelikelytogetpromoted.B.Womenaremoredevotedandcapable.C.Womenbehavebetterinjobsbelowskilllevel.D.Menshowtalentsinworkoftherelevantlevel.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，主要講的是研究表明在一份低于你技能水平的工作中工作，會損害你以后找到一份更適合你資歷的高薪工作的機會?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Manyoftenfindthemselvesconsideringjobsbelowtheirskilllevelinworseningemploymentmarkets.(在不斷惡化的就業(yè)市場中，許多人經常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在考慮低于自己技能水平的工作。)”可知，許多人考慮低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他們面臨著嚴峻的經濟形勢。故選B。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Hetailored2,420applicationsandsubmittedthemto1,210joblistingspostedinfivemajorcitiesacrosstheU.S.Hevariedtheapplicationsbygender,andalsobyemploymentstatusforthepreviousyear.Thenheusedputermodelstoanalyzeandparetheresults.(他定制了2420份申請，并將它們提交給了美國五大城市發(fā)布的1210個職位列表。他根據性別和前一年的就業(yè)狀況對申請進行了調整。然后他使用計算機模型來分析和比較結果。)”可知，研究人員通過做比較的方法來進行第一項研究。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段“Theresultsshowthatemployersbelievethatmenwhoareemployedinpositionsbelowtheirskilllevelarelessmittedandlesspetentthanmeninotheremploymentsituations.Thosesurveyedalsobelievedthatwomenworkingbelowtheirskilllevelwerelesspetentthanothers,butdidnotbelievethemtobelessmitted.(結果表明，雇主認為，在低于他們技能水平的崗位上工作的男性比在其他就業(yè)情況下工作的男性更不敬業(yè)，更不稱職。接受調查的人還認為，從事低于自己技能水平工作的女性不如其他女性能干，但并不認為她們不夠投入。)”可推知，雇主的想法是女性在技能水平以下的工作中比男性表現(xiàn)更好。故選C。BHowwelearnaccentsbeforewelearnwords“No!”That’stheonlywordwehearinthelatestcutebabyvideotogoviral.Butit’snotthewordsthatbabyOrlasaysthathasmadethisvideosopopular.It’sthefactthatsheclearlyimitates(模仿)thedistinctiveScouseaccent(口音)fromLiverpool.Thisnowfamousbabymayonlyhavebeenbornin2022,butthedifferentaccentsofbabbling(咿啞聲)babieshavebeenstudiedformanyyears.Astudyfrom2009foundthatFrenchbabiestendtocrywitharisingintonation,whileGermanbabies’criesoftenhaveafallingintonation.OtherstudieshaveshownAmericanandFrenchbabiesreflectingsyllables(音節(jié))fromEnglishandFrenchrespectively,andthatbabieswithparentswhospeakatonal(聲調的)language,likeMandarin,hadagreaterrangeoftonesintheircrying.Sowhydoesthishappen?Aschildrendevelop,theypractisemakingthesoundsofthelanguagethattheyheararoundthem.It’snaturalthattheypickupthesoundsaroundthem.Infact,babiesstarttolearnlanguagefromtheirmotherfromthreemonthsbeforebirth.However,it’snotjustthelanguageofimmediatefamilyandcaregiversthathasanimpact.ProfessorCarolineFlocciahighlightsstudiessuggestingthatchildrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheirenvironmentthanthatofaparentwhohasanaccentthatisforeigntothatlocation.Whyisthisimportanttoknow?Well,whatitshowsusisthatbabiesarelearninglanguagethroughpractice,andthatthemoretimethatparentsspendinteractingwiththeirchildren,thegreateropportunityforthis.Whilebabblingbabiesmaynotbeabletosaymanywords,studiesestimatethattheycanunderstandmanytimesthenumberofwordsthanthosethattheycanactuallysay.Givingbabiesexposuretoagreaternumberofwordsallowsthemtobetterbuildtheirvocabulary.24.WhatmakesthevideoofbabyOrlasopopular?A.Hercuteappearance. B.Herabilitytosay“No”.C.Herclearpronunciation. D.HerScouseaccentimitation.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“respectively”meaninparagraph2?A.Individually. B.Apparently.C.Abnormally. D.Identically.26.WhatdoesProfessorCarolineFlocciastress?A.Babysittershavenoeffectonchildren’saccent.B.Childrenwillalwayslearntheaccentoftheirparents.C.Environmenthasmoreimpactsonbabies’languagelearning.D.Childrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheforeigners.27.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutbabies’languagelearningabilities?A.Babiescanonlyunderstandalimitednumberofwords.B.Moreinteractionscandevelopbabies’languagelearning.C.Babies’babblingisnotanindicationoftheirlanguagelearning.D.Babies’languagelearningisnotaffectedbyparentalinteraction.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了我們是如何在學習單詞之前學習口音的。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Butit’snotthewordsthatbabyOrlasaysthathasmadethisvideosopopular.It’sthefactthatsheclearlyimitates(模仿)thedistinctiveScouseaccent(口音)fromLiverpool.(但并不是嬰兒奧拉說的話讓這個視頻如此受歡迎。事實是，她明顯模仿了來自利物浦的獨特的利物浦口音。)”可知，奧拉模仿利物浦口音讓她的視頻如此受歡迎。故選D項?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第二段中“Astudyfrom2009foundthatFrenchbabiestendtocrywitharisingintonation,whileGermanbabies’criesoftenhaveafallingintonation.(2009年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，法國嬰兒哭的時候往往是升調，而德國嬰兒哭的時候往往是降調。)”以及劃線單詞句子中“…andthatbabieswithparentswhospeakatonal(聲調的)language,likeMandarin,hadagreaterrangeoftonesintheircrying.(……而父母說普通話等聲調語言的嬰兒，哭聲中的聲調范圍更大。)”可知，此處為美國和法國的嬰兒分別反映英語和法語的音節(jié)，故可猜測劃線單詞respectively為“分別，獨自地”意思，結合選項A項Individually“分別地，單獨地”意思一致。故選A項?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“ProfessorCarolineFlocciahighlightsstudiessuggestingthatchildrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheirenvironmentthanthatofaparentwhohasanaccentthatisforeigntothatlocation.(卡洛琳·弗洛西亞教授強調了一些研究，這些研究表明，與父母的口音不同，孩子更有可能學會他們所處環(huán)境的口音。)”可知，卡洛琳·弗洛西亞教授強調了環(huán)境對嬰兒語言學習的影響更大。故選C項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Well,whatitshowsusisthatbabiesarelearninglanguagethroughpractice,andthatthemoretimethatparentsspendinteractingwiththeirchildren,thegreateropportunityforthis.Whilebabblingbabiesmaynotbeabletosaymanywords,studiesestimatethattheycanunderstandmanytimesthenumberofwordsthanthosethattheycanactuallysay.Givingbabiesexposuretoagreaternumberofwordsallowsthemtobetterbuildtheirvocabulary.(它告訴我們，嬰兒是通過練習來學習語言的，父母和孩子互動的時間越多，學習語言的機會就越大。雖然咿呀學語的嬰兒可能不會說很多單詞，但研究估計，他們能理解的單詞數量是他們實際能說的單詞數量的許多倍。讓嬰兒接觸更多的單詞可以讓他們更好地建立詞匯量。)”可推知，關于嬰兒的語言學習能力，這篇文章暗示了更多的互動可以促進嬰兒的語言學習。故選B項。CIcameacrossthebookEssentialism:TheDisciplinedPursuitofLessfromalibraryappandIcansaythatafterreading,itdidnotdisappoint.Thebookfitsintothepersonaldevelopmentcategory.Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.Themonproblem,GregMcKeownsays,isspottingtheimportantthings.Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue,thenfindingwaystoexecutethesetasksmosteffortlessly.InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativepaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.McKeownfurtherexploresthedifferencebetweenanessentialistandanonessentialist.Hegivesfantasticandrelatableexamplesfromhislifeaswellasfromotherstoillustratehowfunctioningasanonessentialistisharmfulforbothyouandthosearoundyou.Hesaystheprimarydifferenceinbothofthemistheonewhosaysyestoeverythingandtheother(theessentialist)saysyesonlytothethingsthatmatter.Healsotellsthatanonessentialistwillmittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(優(yōu)先事項)onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinworklifeorpersonallife,anonessentialistwilltrytodomorebyquickfixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.HealsogivesusexamplesoffamouspeoplelikeMahatmaGandhiwhofollowedessentialism.Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfastpacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“execute”inparagraph2mean?A.Carryout. B.Switchbetween. C.Watchoutfor. D.Getawayfrom.29.Whatismainlystressedinparagraph3?A.Thesignificanceofessentialism. B.Theinspirationforthebook.C.Achievementsofessentialists. D.Strategiesforpursuingless.30Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofessentialists?A.mitmenttodailywork. B.Highefficiencyinwork.C.Positiveinfluencebycelebrities. D.Concentrationonpriorities.31.WhatdoesMcKeownsuggestpeopledo?A.Avoidtiringworkifpossible. B.Findmeaningineverydaylife.C.Takeabreakwhennecessary. D.Remainrestlessandunmotivated.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者看到了一本叫做《本質主義：有紀律地追求更少》的書，他對這本書印象深刻。他講述了這本書中讓人受益匪淺的理論——本質論?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第二段“Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.(它談到了專注于絕對重要的事情和消除不必要的干擾是多么重要。)”以及劃線單詞的前半句話“Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue(本質主義意味著不斷定義我們可以在哪里創(chuàng)造最大價值)”可知，本質論教會了我們專注于絕對重要的事情和消除不必要的干擾。我們要找到哪里能夠創(chuàng)造最大的價值，然后找到方式去消除不必要的干擾，找到方法最輕松地執(zhí)行這些任務。所以劃線單詞的意思是“執(zhí)行”。故選A。【29題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段“InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativepaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.(在本質論中，麥基翁借鑒了與世界上最具創(chuàng)新性的公司領導者合作的經驗和見解，展示了如何實現(xiàn)追求更少。更重要的是，通過對重要的東西應用更具選擇性的標準，追求更少的東西可以讓我們重新控制自己的選擇，這樣我們就可以將時間、精力和努力用于為重要的目標和活動做出盡可能高的貢獻)”可知，本質論中告訴了人們如何實現(xiàn)追求更少，這樣我們就可以將時間、精力和努力用于為重要的目標和活動做出盡可能高的貢獻。所以本段重點強調了本質論的重要意義。故選A。【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“Healsotellsthatanonessentialistwillmittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(優(yōu)先事項)onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinworklifeorpersonallife,anonessentialistwilltrytodomorebyquickfixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.(他還告訴，一個非本質主義者會致力于一切，并把他的個人優(yōu)先事項放在一邊，而在本質主義者的情況下，情況恰恰相反。無論是在工作生活還是個人生活中，非本質主義者都會試圖通過快速解決方案做更多的事情，但本質主義會專注于消除障礙，而不是其他)”可知，本質主義的特征在于會專注于個人優(yōu)先事項，而非本質主義則會把個人優(yōu)先事項放在一邊。故選D?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfastpacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.(最后，這本書告訴我們如何安排我們生活中的重要事情，比如每天8小時的睡眠、寫日記或玩?；蚍潘?，讓我們的大腦得到休息。麥基翁說，在當今快節(jié)奏的生活中，寧靜是逃離嘈雜世界的寶貴方式)”可知，McKeown建議人們在生活中要適當的休息，使大腦得到放松。故選C。DAmanwithParkinson’s（帕金森）diseasehasexperiencedasubstantialimprovementinhisabilitytowalkafterbeingfittedwithadevicethatelectricallystimulateshisspinalcord（脊髓）.Thefindings,althoughbasedononeperson,suggestthiscouldbeusedtotreatmovementdisorders.TreatmentsforParkinson’sdiseaseincludedrugsthattargetpartsofthebrainwhichregulatesmovement,aswellasdeepbrainstimulation,whichchangestheelectricalsignalsthatcausesymptoms.However,manypeopledon’trespondtothesetreatments,particularlyiftheirconditionisadvanced,saysCourtine.HeandhiscolleagueswantedtofindoutwhetherdirectlystimulatingthespinalcordinapersonwithsevereParkinson’sdiseasecouldhelp.Theteamdesignedthedevicethatspecificallytargetsneurons（神經元）inthespinethatareactivatedwhenlegswalk,whichshowedpromiseinnonhumanprimateswithParkinson’slikesymptoms.Totestitinaperson,theresearchersrecruiteda62yearoldmancalledMarc,whohasexperiencedParkinson’ssymptomsforaround30years.Theseincludedpacefreezingsuddenandtemporaryinabilitytomove.TheresearchersfirsthadtomaptheneuronsinMarc’sspine.Thishelpedtoguidetheapplicationofstimulatorssotheywouldonlytargethislegs’neurons.TheythenplacedsensorsonMarc’slegsandshoestomonitortheelectricalactivityoftheneuronsthatactivatethemusclesintheselimbsandhisfeet.Whenthesesensorsdetectedthiselectricalactivity,theyactivatedthestimulators.Afterthreemonths’trainingusingthestimulators,Marcmoreorlessstoppedexperiencingpacefreezing.Marcsaysthatpassingthroughnarrowpathsorturninghadpreviouslycausedpacefreezing,whichledtohimfallingfiveorsixtimesaday.Marchasnowbeenusingthestimulatorfortwoyearsandsayshehardlyfallsanymore,allowinghimtowalkseveralkilometresatatime.ThestimulationispersonalisedtoMarc.Nevertheless,theteamthinksasimilartechniquecouldhelpmanypeople.Butthereareatleastfivemoreyearsofdevelopmentbeforethetreatmentwillreachpeopleoutsideatrial,saysCourtine.32.WhydoesCourtine’steamdesignthedevice?A.Conventionaltreatmentshelplittle. B.Patientssufferfromdeepbrainstimulation.C.Thedeviceismuchcheaper. D.Themedicinehassideeffects.33.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theprocedureofthetreatment. B.Theeffectsoftheresearch.C.Thefunctionofstimulators. D.Thepredictionofresearchers.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Marcisdissatisfiedwiththetreatment. B.Marcrecoversafterthreemonth’straining.C.ThedeviceisspeciallyadjustedforMarc. D.Thedevicehasbeenusedwidely.35.Whatisthelimitationofthisresearch?A.Smallsample. B.Lowtechnology. C.Highcost. D.Inconvenientoperation.【答案】32.A33.A34.C35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一位帕金森病患者在接受了一種刺激脊髓的裝置治療后，其行走能力得到了顯著改善。雖然這項研究基于一個患者，但研究人員認為這種方法可以幫助許多人。不過，這項治療還需要至少五年的時間才能推廣到試驗之外的人群?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“However,manypeopledon’trespondtothesetreatments,particularlyiftheirconditionisadvanced,saysCourtine.(然而，許多人對這些治療沒有反應，特別是當他們的病情進展時，庫爾蒂納說。)”可知，Courtine的團隊設計這個裝置是因為傳統(tǒng)的治療方法對許多人特別是病情嚴重的人幫助不大。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第四段“TheresearchersfirsthadtomaptheneuronsinMarc’sspine.Thishelpedtoguidetheapplicationofstimulatorssotheywouldonlytargethislegs’neurons.TheythenplacedsensorsonMarc’slegsandshoestomonitortheelectricalactivityoftheneuronsthatactivatethemusclesintheselimbsandhisfeet.Whenthesesensorsdetectedthiselectricalactivity,theyactivatedthestimulators.(研究人員首先必須繪制出馬克脊柱中的神經元。這有助于指導刺激器的應用，使它們只針對他腿上的神經元。然后，他們在馬克的腿和鞋子上安裝了傳感器，以監(jiān)測激活四肢和腳上肌肉的神經元的電活動。當這些傳感器檢測到這種電活動時，它們就會激活刺激器。)”可知，本段主要介紹了這種裝置的治療過程。故選A?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“Afterthreemonths’trainingusingthestimulators,Marcmoreorlessstoppedexperiencingpacefreezing.(在使用刺激器訓練三個月后，馬克或多或少地停止了速度凍結。)”和最后一段“ThestimulationispersonalisedtoMarc.(這種刺激是為馬克量身定做的。)”可知，這個裝置是為