2025屆人教版(2019)高考英語(yǔ)一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)高考題型通關(guān)練課件：話題25　科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新信息安全

話題25科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，

信息安全主題群四科學(xué)與技術(shù)Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheBigThinkersSeriesfromNew

Scientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks，coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworld－classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).Reality＋：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmersInthistalk，philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse－stylevirtualworldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanliveameaningfullifeinVR.WhatWedon’tKnowAboutGravitywithClaudiadeRhamWeareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk，ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzelFromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel，theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHow

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Quantum

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Dog，offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky(離奇的)historicaldetail.PhysicsattheEndoftheUniversewithKatieMackTheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhatmodernastrophysics(天體物理學(xué))tellsusaboutthefinalfateoftheuniverse.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，介紹《新科學(xué)家》舉辦的大思想家系列活動(dòng)的四場(chǎng)在線講座。1.Howmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?A.￡13. B.￡20.C.￡30. D.￡32.解析

數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段“Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalks...orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture”可知，單場(chǎng)的票價(jià)是13英鎊，購(gòu)買一個(gè)系列可以節(jié)約20英鎊，因此買一個(gè)系列的票價(jià)為：4×13－20＝32(英鎊)?！?.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?A.Thegenuinereality.B.Thesecretsofgravity.C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分的“FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime...throughscientifictheoryandquirkyhistoricaldetail.”可知，ChadOrzel的講座是關(guān)于時(shí)間標(biāo)記的歷史?！?.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.”可知，這四個(gè)講座的共同之處是它們都是針對(duì)科學(xué)愛(ài)好者的?！?2024·湖北沙市中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens，whichofferusconvenienceaswellasconnectionandanoceanofinformation.Butsinceit’seasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverynotification，technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing.Thus，theideaof“digitaldetox”isbecomingincreasinglyinviting.Thephrase“digitaldetox”describesgettingridofTV，phones，computersandotherformsoftechnologythatcontrolourlivesforaperiodoftime.Someexpertsadvocatecompletelyavoidingunnecessaryscreentimefor30years.Otherssuggestusinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.Athirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsoronweekends.Otherssimplyturntheirphonesoffatscheduledtimes.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswheretheycanunplugfromtheirdigitalroutine.Whymightyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouarespendinglongerthanyouintendoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommoreimportantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselftoothersoryoufearmissingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Constantnegativenewscanalsogiverisetoalotofstress.Technologycanalsohavephysicaleffects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneckpainasaresultofbendingoverscreens.Thebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscanalsoaffectpeople’ssleepbypreventingproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素).Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic，butstrategicbreaksfromtechnologymaybegoodforyourbody，mind，emotionsandrelationships.Itishightimethatyoupickedatimetoturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“數(shù)字脫癮”，以及數(shù)字產(chǎn)品給我們帶來(lái)的影響。4.Whydoestheauthorsay“technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing”inparagraph1?A.Toconfirmaconcept. B.Topresentaproblem.C.Toexplainarule. D.Tomakeaprediction.解析

寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens...tokeepupwitheverynotification”可知，科技帶來(lái)了便利，但人們也會(huì)容易感到有壓力，所以作者說(shuō)“技術(shù)可能更像是一種負(fù)擔(dān)，而不是一種祝福”是為了呈現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，引出話題“數(shù)字脫癮”?！?.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unplug”inparagraph2mean?A.Recover. B.Benefit.C.Escape. D.Suffer.解析

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thephrase‘digitaldetox’describesgettingridofTV...controlourlivesforaperiodoftime.”可知，“數(shù)字脫癮”是指擺脫電視、電話等數(shù)字生活，所以此處unplugfromtheirdigitalroutine是指擺脫數(shù)字生活，unplug是“擺脫，脫離”的意思。√6.Whichcouldbethereasonforonetostart“digitaldetox”？A.Appsselectiondifficulty.B.Fearofmissingimportantthings.C.Exposuretofalsenews.D.Pressurefromsocialcomparison.解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Perhapssocialmediaisdepressing...thatotherpeopleareenjoying.”可知，一個(gè)人可能開(kāi)始“數(shù)字脫癮”的原因是把自己和別人比較，也就是來(lái)自社會(huì)比較的壓力?！?.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Torecommendhealthylifestyles.B.Tocallforreducingtheuseofdigitaldevices.C.Togiveinstructionsonstartingdigitaldetox.D.Topresentdifferentattitudestodigitalproducts.解析

寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic...toturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.”可知，作者認(rèn)為是關(guān)掉你的設(shè)備專注于重要的事情的時(shí)候了，可以推測(cè)出文章的目的是呼吁減少使用數(shù)碼設(shè)備?！蘄twasjustatypicalmorningofanordinaryworkday.Iwasatthe1，onmywaytothelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Butsomethingbeganto2insidemeasIwatchedthepeoplearoundme—headphoneshangingfromtheirears，3castdown，unsmilingfaces.Theylookedunhappy.AndIrealizedthatIwasoneofthem.Suddenly，Icouldnolonger4withmyworklifeandbookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.Overtheyears，Ihadgrownmore5duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D.ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdislikedandtheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe6ofwhatIhadhopedfor.Ibegantofeellonelyand7.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.I8mybreakingpointthatdayatthebusstop.Ihadtoendthis.Iemailedmyprofessors，explainingthatIhadputthe9firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.Ⅱ.完形填空ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates—Iguessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Afterafew10askinghowIwas，intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerableresearcherswere11theirheadsoutoftheirshells(殼)，seekinghelp.Itoccurredtomethatweall12sometimes，andourvulnerability(脆弱)seemedsomuchalikethatI13myselffromallthathadbotheredmefordays.Actuallyitcanbea14game，insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwithothersandaskingforhelpdoesn’tmakemycontributions15：itmeanswecanallsucceed.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在等公交車去實(shí)驗(yàn)室的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)周圍的人行色匆匆，并不快樂(lè)，意識(shí)到自己太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間把自己的職業(yè)放在了第一位，而忽視了自身的快樂(lè)。作者認(rèn)為：與他人合作并尋求幫助并不會(huì)讓自己的貢獻(xiàn)變得不重要；這意味著我們都可以成功。1.A.cafeshop B.bookstore C.supermarket D.busstop

解析

A.cafeshop咖啡店；B.bookstore書(shū)店；C.supermarket超市；D.busstop公交車站。根據(jù)下文“onmywaytothelab”可知，作者要去實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在公交站等公交車。2.A.awaken B.tackle C.settle D.disappear

解析

A.awaken覺(jué)醒；B.tackle處理；解決；C.settle安排；D.disappear消失。根據(jù)下文“IrealizedthatIwasoneofthem”可知，當(dāng)作者看到別人戴著耳機(jī)眼睛低垂不茍言笑的時(shí)候，覺(jué)醒到自己也是其中之一?！獭?.A.nose B.eyes C.neck D.arms

解析

A.nose鼻子；B.eyes眼睛；C.neck脖子；D.arms胳膊。根據(jù)下文“Theylookedunhappy”可知，作者在說(shuō)面部表情，所以應(yīng)該是眼睛低垂。4.A.go B.continue C.combine D.exchange

解析

A.go去；B.continue繼續(xù)；C.combine聯(lián)合；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)下文“bookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.”可知，作者產(chǎn)生了厭倦之心，不愿意再繼續(xù)工作生活?！獭?.A.mature B.academic C.competitive D.positive

解析

A.mature成熟的；B.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；C.competitive有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)下文“duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D”可知，作者有完成博士學(xué)位的壓力，所以變得更加愛(ài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。6.A.output B.alternative C.case D.opposite

解析

A.output產(chǎn)量；B.alternative可供選擇的事物；C.case情況；例子；D.opposite相反的東西。根據(jù)上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”可知，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果不是作者希望的，是與作者的希望相反的?！獭?.A.inspired B.lost C.pure D.guilty

解析

A.inspired受啟發(fā)的；B.lost迷失的；C.pure純潔的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”以及“Ibegantofeellonely”可知，作者因失去了不想失去的東西而感到孤獨(dú)，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)“l(fā)ost(迷失的)”含義與句子表達(dá)的含義一致。8.A.spotted B.marked C.hit D.set

解析

A.spotted看見(jiàn)；B.marked標(biāo)記；C.hit擊打；碰觸；D.set放置。根據(jù)下文“mybreakingpoint”可知，在公交車站，作者的壞情緒達(dá)到了極限，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，hitthebreakingpoint為固定短語(yǔ)，含義為：達(dá)到了崩潰的極限?！獭?.A.evaluation B.adaptation C.comprehension D.occupation

解析

A.evaluation評(píng)估；B.adaptation適應(yīng)；C.comprehension理解；D.occupation職業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“Ihadtoendthis”以及下文“myselfsecondfortoolong”可知，作者向教授解釋自己把職業(yè)放在第一位的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)了。10.A.jokes B.lines C.calls D.accounts

解析

A.jokes笑話；B.lines行；C.calls電話；D.accounts賬戶。根據(jù)上文“ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates”可知，作者在看別人寫(xiě)給他的信。√√11.A.sticking B.standing C.bringing D.figuring

解析

A.sticking伸出；B.standing站；C.bringing帶來(lái)；D.figuring弄明白。根據(jù)下文“theirheadsoutoftheirshells”可知，此處作者使用比喻的手法，把脆弱的研究人員比喻成烏龜，從殼子里面伸出頭尋求幫助。12.A.choke B.urge C.suffer D.hesitate

解析

A.choke噎住；B.urge敦促；C.suffer遭受痛苦；D.hesitate猶豫；根據(jù)下文“ourvulnerabilityseemedsomuch”可知，作者感受到了每個(gè)人都有遭受痛苦的時(shí)候?！獭?3.A.discouraged B.banned C.freed D.prevented

解析

A.discouraged使……灰心；B.banned禁止；C.freed解脫；D.prevented預(yù)防。根據(jù)下文“fromallthathadbotheredme”可知，作者把自己從幾天來(lái)困擾自己的一切中解脫出來(lái)。14.A.brand-new B.non-controversial C.so-called D.win-win

解析

A.brand-new嶄新的；B.non-controversial不會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)議的；C.so-called所謂的；D.win-win雙贏的。根據(jù)下文“insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses”可推理出，這是一場(chǎng)雙贏的游戲。√√15.A.unimportant B.improper C.irregular D.illogical

解析

A.unimportant不重要的；B.improper不合適的；C.irregular不規(guī)則的；D.illogical不合邏輯的。根據(jù)下文“itmeanswecanallsucceed”可知，作者認(rèn)為與他人合作并尋求幫助意味著我們都可以成功，并不會(huì)讓我的貢獻(xiàn)變得不重要?！?2024·山東省濰坊市高三二模)DoctorsintheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavefollowedthemeal－timehabitsofmorethan500peopleforsixyears，1.

(find)weightchangeismostaffectedbythesizeand2.

(frequent)ofmealsratherthantheinterval(間隔)fromfirsttolastmeal.Itchallengesthepopulartrendofintermittentfasting(禁食)3.

ausefulweightlossstrategy.Intermittentfasting，alsoreferredtoastime－restrictedfeeding，isadietarystrategywhereallmeals4.

(consume)duringashortwindowoftimeeachday.Thesewindowscanextendfrom6to10hours，resultinginapersonessentiallyfastingforupto18hourseachday.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Theideareveals5.

isnolinkbetweenthetimeofaperson’seatingwindoweachdayandweightchanges.“Basedonotherstudiesthathavecomeout，including6.

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instantimpactonweightloss，”saiddoctorBennett.“Whatdoesmatter，however，isthetotalnumberofmediumandlargemealsapersoneatsovertheday.”Itsuggestssimplyeatingsmallermeals，lessfrequently，is8.

ultimatelyleadstoweightloss.Allofthisdoesn’tmeanintermittentfastingstrategieswon’thelp.Butwhatdoesseemincreasinglyclearisthattheweightlossbenefitsoccasionally9.

(see)withtheseeatingstrategiesmaybeprimarilydrivenbyareducedcaloricintake.Itdoesn’tmeanyou