姚橋煤礦3.0Mt-a新井設(shè)計(jì)-煤層瓦斯抽放技術(shù)

本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目：姚橋煤礦3.0Mt/a新井設(shè)計(jì)煤層瓦斯抽放技術(shù)摘要本設(shè)計(jì)包括三個(gè)部分：一般部分、專題部分和翻譯部分。一般部分為姚橋礦7號(hào)煤3.0Mt/a新井設(shè)計(jì)，共分10章：1.礦區(qū)概述及井田地質(zhì)特征；2.井田境界和儲(chǔ)量；3.礦井工作制度、設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力及服務(wù)年限；4.井田開拓；5.準(zhǔn)備方式-采區(qū)巷道布置；6.采煤方法；7.井下運(yùn)輸；8.礦井提升；9.礦井通風(fēng)與安全；10.設(shè)計(jì)礦井基本技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。姚橋煤礦座落在江蘇省沛縣和山東省微山縣境內(nèi)，昭陽(yáng)湖西畔，交通便利。井田東西走向長(zhǎng)度平均10.69km，南北傾斜長(zhǎng)度平均4.11km，井田有煤區(qū)水平面積39.74km2。井田內(nèi)可采煤層一層，即7號(hào)煤層，平均傾角8.83°，煤層平均厚6.63m，井田工業(yè)儲(chǔ)量為371.21Mt，可采儲(chǔ)量264.65Mt，礦井服務(wù)年限為63.01a。煤質(zhì)牌號(hào)為優(yōu)質(zhì)氣煤。本礦井為低瓦斯礦井，瓦斯絕對(duì)涌出量為0.0384m3/min。本礦井煤層易自燃，具有自然發(fā)火傾向性，自燃發(fā)火期小于3個(gè)月。本礦井正常涌水量為508m3/h，最大涌水量為607m3/h。礦井采用雙立井單水平開拓，前期采用中央分列式通風(fēng)，后期在井田東西兩翼各設(shè)立一邊界風(fēng)井，形成對(duì)角式通風(fēng)。由于礦井地質(zhì)條件簡(jiǎn)單，且為緩傾斜煤層，為了便于隨采隨灌漿，所以整個(gè)礦井采用采區(qū)式布置，系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單可靠，便于管理。設(shè)計(jì)礦井采用一井一面達(dá)產(chǎn)，采煤方法為綜采放頂煤采煤法。煤炭運(yùn)輸采用膠帶輸送機(jī)運(yùn)輸，輔助運(yùn)輸采用防爆柴油機(jī)齒軌卡軌車牽引固定廂式礦車運(yùn)輸。礦井年工作日為330d，每天凈提升時(shí)間16h。礦井工作制度為：實(shí)行“四六”制。專題部分題目是煤層瓦斯抽放技術(shù)。翻譯部分是一篇關(guān)于綜采工作面頂板突水的分析與控制，英文原文題目為：Analysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfield關(guān)鍵詞：新井設(shè)計(jì)；立井；單水平開拓；綜采放頂煤；通風(fēng)；

ABSTRACTThedesignincludesthreeparts:thegeneralpart,thethematicpartandtranslationpart.Thegeneraldesignisabouta3.0Mt/anewundergroundminedesignofYaoqiaocoalmine.Itcontainstenchapters:1.overviewandthegeographicalfeaturesoftheminingfield;2.boundaryandreservesoftheminingfield;3.workingsystem,designedminecapacityandminelife;4.developmentofminingfield;5.preparationinRoadwaylayout;6.miningmethod;7.undergroundconveying;8.mineexaltation;9.mineventilationandsafety;10.thebasictechnicalandeconomicindexofmine.YaoqiaomineislocatedinPeiCounty,JiangsuProvince,andWeishanCounty,ShandongProvince,anditliesinthewestofZhaoyangLake.Thetrafficisveryconvenient.Minefieldeast-westdirectionlengthis10.69kmaverageandnorth-southtiltoftheaveragelengthof4.11km.Theminefieldcoaldistrictlevelarea39.74km2.Theminablecoalseamofthismineisonly7withanaveragethicknessof6.63mandanaveragedipof8.83°,field371.21Mtforindustrialreserves,recoverablereserves264.65Mt,themineforaservicelife63.01a.Coalgradesforthequalityofgascoal.Themineisthelowgasmine,thegasabsolutelyemission0.0384m3/min.Thisminecoalseamspontaneouscombustionhasanaturalignitionpropensitytospontaneouscombustionperiodislessthanthreemonths.Normalinflowofthemineis508m3/h,thelargestinflowofthemineis607m3/h.Mineadoubleverticalshaftsingleleveldevelopment,pre-centralbreakdownofventilation,thelateminefieldeastandwestwingsoftheestablishmentofaboundaryairshafttoformadiagonalventilation.Astheminegeologicalconditions,andtilttheseamforease,inordertofacilitatewiththeminingwiththegrouting,sotheentirelayoutofthemineminingarea,thesystemissimple,reliable,easytomanage.Designofmineisawellsideoftheproduction,miningmethodforfullymechanizedcoalcavingminingmethod.Coaltransportationbybeltconveyortransport,auxiliarytransportcograilvehiclesintheexplosion-proofdieseltractionfixedvantramcartransport.Wework330daysperyear,andexaltate16hoursoneday.The“four–six”workingsystemisappliedforcoalmining.Thethematicpartofthetopicofthecoalseamgasdrainagetechnology.Thetranslationpartisabouttheanalysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfield,theoriginalEnglishtextentitled:Analysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfieldKeywords：Newdesignofmine;Shaft;Single-leveldevelopment;ComprehensiveCaving;Ventilation第頁(yè)英文原文Analysisandcontrolonanomalywaterinrushinroofoffully-mechanizedminingfieldPengLinjuna,b,c,YangXiaojiea,c,SunXiaominga,caSchoolofMechanicsandCivilEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Beijing100083,ChinabAcademicianPioneeringPark,DalianUniversity,Dalian116622,ChinacStateKeyLaboratoryofGeomechanicsandDeepUndergroundEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Beijing100083,ChinaAbstract:Cavingofmineroofsfromwaterinrushduetoanomalouspressureisoneofthemajordisastersandaccidentsthatcanoccurinminesduringproduction.Roofwaterinrushcantriggerawiderangeofroofcollapse,causingmajoraccidentsfrombreakingroofsupportswhilecaving.Thesefailuresfloodwellsanddoagreatdealofdamagetominesandendangerminesafety.Ourobjectiveistoanalyzetheanomaliesofwaterinrushcrushingthesupportatthe#6301workingfaceintheJisanCoalMineoftheYanzhouMiningGroup.Throughinformationofwaterinrushtotheroof,damagecausedbytectonicmovements,informationonthedamagecausedbyroofcollapseandthetheoryaboutthedistributionofpressureinmineabutments,weadviceadjustingthelengthoftheworkingfaceandthepositionofopen-offcutrelativelytotherichwaterarea.Inthecaseofanomalousroofpressureweshoulddevelopastateequationtoestimatepreventivemeasureswith“transferringrockbeam”theory.Simultaneously,weimprovethecapacityofdrainageequipmentandensuredadequatewaterretentionatthestorehouse.Theseareallmajortechnologiestoensurethecontrolandpreventionagainstaccidentscausedbyanomalouswaterinrushinroofs,thusensuringsafetyintheproductionprocessofacoalmine.Keywords:Roof;Waterinrushpressure;Anomaly;Analysis;Control;abstract;Caving1.IntroductionBothdomesticandforeigninvestigatorspayconsiderableattentiontocoalminepressureanomaliesandobtainedvariousresults.However,becauseofthecomplexityofanomalouspressure,aswellasthemutabilityofsurroundingrockconditionscausedbycaving,anumberofdifficultiesareencounteredinbuildinganexactandsystematicmathematicalmechanicalmodel.Furthermore,becausegeologicalconditionsdifferconsiderablyinvariouspartsofacoalfieldandtherealityisverycomplex,wemustthereforeadoptanumberofdifferentmeasuresandmethodstopredictandmonitorgeologicalconditions,giventhatmanymethodshavetheirownlimitations.Theprocessofcalculationforthesupportofthesurroundingrocksummarizesthismechanism,thusperfectingthemethodofforecastingandmonitoring,formingafeasibleandefficientsystemforsafetyinproduction,ensuringsecurityandefficiencyatcoalminingfaces.Coalminepressureanomalies,showingupinfully-mechanizedcavingfields,asdynamicphenomenainterferingwithsafeproductionincoalmines,refertoanomalousrockpressureoccurringunderspecialconditions.Whenthemechanicalbalanceisbrokeninacoal(rock)bodyaroundacoalminingfield,itusuallyshowsupasdamagetothesupportsystem,asacrushedorsinkingrooflevelorasseverespalling,beforetheoccurrenceofriskyleaksandultimatelycoalandgasoutbursts.Whenrockpressureappearsasanomalies,itoftenresultsindamagetoequipment,significantlossofcoalresourcesandformingsimultaneouslysignificantsecurityrisks,whichincoalminesmayleadtodevastatingconsequences.Inrecentyears,alargenumberofminepressureanomaliesoccurredinfully-mechanizedcavingminesinChina’sYanzhouandXuzhouminingareas,causingconsiderableeconomiclossestocoalcompanies.Therefore,furthersystematicstudyofthestructureandmovementoftheoverlyingrockinfully-mechanizedcavingmines,mayrevealthebehaviorofminepressureanomalies,discovertheconditionsunderwhichtheseanomaliesoccur,findmethodstoforecastandpreventthem,inordertoachievesafetyandefficientproduction.2.CoalseamconditionsandstructureofoverlyingrockTheJisanCoalMineislocatedinasuburbofJiningcity,wheretheminingareaisabout110km2.Geologicalreservesof880milliontons,industrialreservesof800milliontons,andrecoverablereservesof530milliontonshavebeenconfirmed.The#3coallayerhas400milliontonsofcoal,accountingfor75.5%ofrecoverablereserves.ThesecoalstrataarepartofthePermianShanxiFormationandtheCarboniferousTaiyuan,witheightlayersoflocallyaccessiblecoalandanaveragethicknessof10.44m.Themajorrecoverablecoalisfoundinthe3up,3downlayerwithanaveragethicknessof6.21m.Thegeologicalconditionoftheminingareaisasimplemiddlestructure.Themainnorthesouthnormalfaultisapparentlyregular,withmostoftheeastrisingandthewestfalling.Also,therearefaultsshowingthedevelopmentofeastewestwiththeeastandsoutheastdippinggently,generallyatslopeslessthan5°,andgentlechangesintheirwrinklytrend.Deeperdipstowardthewestandsouthwesthaveslopesbetween5°and9°.Themineisexpectedtodischarge516m3/hofcoalwater.Thekeylayer,affectinganomaliesinwaterinrushfromtheroofintheworkingfaces,isthefollowinglayerofthesecondrockbeam,i.e.M5siltstone,6.5mthick,andadetailedroofrockstructureisshowninTable1.Table1.Profileofcaveminingfaceofastoperoof.No.LithologyThicknessoflayer(m)Depth（m）RoofstructureThickness（m）StepC0C。。。。11.20639。。。4.20。。3.80M5。。。。6.50FollowinglayerThesecondrockbeam16.56020M4。。10.00Supportlayer。。。。M3。。。。9.00FollowinglayerThefirstrockbeam28.08227。。。。M2。。19.00SupportlayerContinuedTable1。。。。。。M17.00Immediateroof7.0M7.066853.AnalysisofroofwaterinrushpressurecausinganomalouscrushingsupportsThemainreasonsforthefivewaterinrushaccidentswhichfloodedthe#6301workingfaceofJisanaretwofold:1)theoverlyingstratumcontainswater;accordingtodrillingdatafromthesurfaceandaudio-frequencyelectricalpenetrationatthisworkingface,therearefourwater-richareasabovetheface,locatedatbothendsandthemiddle.Moreover,water-richJurassicstrataarefoundat193mabovetheroofof3downcoalseam.2)Largeareaofmainroofcaving,breaklinesextendingtooverlyingaquifers,aswellasfaultsintheworkingface;withtheinitialfaceexposed,waterisshowingupalongthefaultplane;withworkingfaceadvancing,theexposedfaultlengthalsoincreases,resultinginacontinuouslyincreasingwaterinrush.Therefore,thebreaklinescommunicatefaultstothewater-richfaultzonesasshowninFig.1.Fig.1#6301workingfacefloodingaccident.3.1.Reasonsofroofwaterinrushanomaliescrushingsupport1)Thesupportforceresistingpressureisinsufficientagainstroofconvergence(supportisworkingunderagivendeformationstatus).2)Pressureontheroofrockbeamsisexcessive;supportloadbearingcapacitycannotmeettheconditionstomainroofconvergence(tothegivendeformationstatus),i.e.,roofconvergenceexceedsthemaximumvalueofnominalyieldofsupport.3.2.Conditionsofoccurrenceofroofwaterinrushanomaliescrushingsupports1)Withprogressivefaceadvance,theoverlyingrocklayerisincommunicationwiththewater-richsandstonelayerwhichcausesincreaseinthethicknessofsimultaneouslymovingmainroof,decreaseinmainroofspanlength,andincreaseinroofpressure;2)Thedepthofroofbreaklinesfromthefrontwallincreases,causingdecreaseinthethicknessofimmediateroof;3)Theimmediateroofisthinwhichincreasestheroofefloorconvergence;4)Themainroofis,ingeneral,verythick,anditiseasytoformalargecantileverbeamspace,causinganimpactonthemainroofdynamicpressurewhenroofcaving.3.3.Structuralmodelofroofwaterinrushcausedbyanomalies1)Ina“givendeformation”condition,theroofconvergenceisdeterminedbythepositionofafree-fallingrockbeamcontactingthefloorinthegobshowninFig.2,i.e.,△hT=△hA。Where(1)（2)Fig.2Structuralmodelofawaterinrushaccidentofafully-mechanizedcavingmine.2)RelationshipbetweenroofwaterinrushandmovementofoverlyingrockstrataInacaseofagivenopen-offcutpositionandthelengthoftheworkingface,thebrokenrockstratamayreachtorockaquifer,especiallywater-richregion,withprogressivefaceadvance.Whentheaquiferisparalleltotheseam,asinFig.3,thepossibilityoffloodingandrelatedparametersofthemodelcanbedetermined.WhereListheadvancestepattheworkingface;Lolengthofworkingface;LBwater-richareainrockstratumofwateropen-offcutlocation;Lhcenterofbreakingrocks(breakingarch)cutfromthebottomposition;hheightofbrokenrockstratum;Hheightofwaterinrockstratum;andBwidthofwater-richzone.Fig.3Forecastinggraphofpossiblepermeability.3.4.Supportconditionsin#6301workingfaceandtheactualeffectsofroofcontrolduringfloodAccordingtotheanalysisofthefirstroofwaterinrushaccident,thepressurecrushedthesupportofthe#6301workingface,whenitadvanced613m,increasedthevolumeofthewateratthefaceto50m3/h,floodingthecoalmineandthegobarea.Withtheworkingadvancing,abigbangabovethefacewasheard(thesoundofmainroofbreaking)andthevolumeofwateratthefaceincreasedto327m3/h,withamaximumvolumeof350m3/h.Thiscausedsomeofthetemporaryelectricalstationstobeinundatedandworkatthefacewasforcedtostop.Theroofsuddenlybrokeandsunk,thesupportsof#11-67werecrushedattheface.Whenwatersuddenlyfloodedtheworkingfaceandtheamountofwaterincreasedconsiderably,thecapacityofthepumpoftheintegrateddrainagesystemwasinsufficient,resultinginanamountofwater2mdeepattheface.Atthestart,largevolumesofwaterweredischargedintheroadway.Slurrywater,coalandotherdebrisfloodedintoairtightwall,closedtheoutlet,andappeareddangeroussituationduetohighwaterpressure.Peakdischargelastedfivedays,thewaterinflowcontinuedforsevendays,andtheentirewatergushingprocesslasted41days.Thepositionofwaterinflowisatthelocationofmainroofperiodiccaving.Inagivengeo-miningconditioninthiscase,structuralparametersarecalculatedbyusingstructuralmechanicmodelstoassessthesupportrequirementinthefollowing.Whentheminingdepthisabout700m,thecoalseamis7m,thelengthoftheworkingface200mandafter200madvance,thefrontdistanceofSMisabout20m.FromEq.(3),wehavethefollowingresults:Thebreakingdistancefromthefrontwalloffaceatthelowerrockbeamis:(3)Thelowerlimitofsupportcapacity:(4)Theupperlimitofsupportcapacity:(5)Thelowerlimitofsupportresistance:(6)Theupperlimitofsupportresistance:(7)Underconditionsofroofwaterinrushwhentheworkingfaceisstop,thelargestroofconvergence(hd=0)(8)ThecurrentsupportworkingresistanceisRT=6200kN,maximumconvergenceis3max?1000mm.Obviously,thesupportresistance(RT=6200kN)islessthanthe“givendeformation”ofthemaximumresistanceforce(RT=9975kN)required.Asaresult,thesupportsystemwillworkinastateof“givendeformation”.Ifthereisnofloorcoalleft(hd=0)ornomeasuresaretakentospeedupthefaceadvance,collapseofthefacesupportswilloccurandresultinmoreseriousfloodinghazard.Iftheadvanceoffaceisfast,i.e.,letS0?0,theconvergenceoffaceiscontrolledintherangeof△hA=0.8M,collapseofthefacesupportscanbeavoidedaslongasthecuttingheightisadequate.4.ConclusionsTheanomalouspressureintheworkingfaceandwaterinrushccurred,causedbygeologicalfactorsfirst,theoverburdenaquifersthemainfactor.Strengtheningofforecasttechnologyandaccurateredictionofthe“twozone”developedheightisneeded.ccordingtoadetailedhydro-geologicalreport,adegreeofommunicationbetweenaworkingfaceandtheamountofwaternrocklayersneedstobedetermined.Wecandrawthefollowingonclusions:1)Beforemainroofperiodiccavingoccurs,beginusingnotopcoalavingadvancemethod,untilthemainroofcavinginordertoakesurethatthemainroofhasenoughcushionstoreducetheheightoftheultimateconvergence.2)Beforemainroofcaving,ensurethelargestcuttingheight.Supportmustbemaintainedaslongaspossibleatahighlevelcollapseofthefacesupportsinordertomaintainthemaximumlegconvergencetoreducethepossibilityofsupportclosure.3)Inacaseofgivenlengthoftheface,thescopeoftheoverlyingstrata,includingthethicknessofboththeimmediateandthemainroofaswellastheheightofthepermeablefracturezone.Thespanofmainfallandperiodiccavinglocationmayfallintothefracturedzoneoftheaquiferundertheactionofgravity.4)Informationonthedistributionoftheabutmentpressurefocusedonthewidthcausedby“internalstressfield”aroundthewallsoftheworkingface.5)Reasonableselectionandtransformationofsupport.Inordertopreventthecollapseofsupportsduetoroofcaving,wecanselectpropersupportandincreasethecaliberofsafetyvalvestoadjusttherapidyieldvalverequirementforsafeworkingofthesupport.Inshort,scientificmanagement,overallarrangements,organizinghighlyefficientproductionandacceleratingthespeedoffaceadvancearerequired.Rockstratafailureandmovementneedsatimeperiod,wecanacceleratefaceadvancewherepressureanomaliesmayappear,thentherooffallsmayoccurinthegobtoavoidoccurrenceofpressureanomalies.

中文譯文綜采工作面頂板突水的分析與控制彭林俊a,b,c楊曉杰a,c孫曉明a,ca中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京）力建學(xué)院，中國(guó)北京100083；b大連理工大學(xué)學(xué)者創(chuàng)業(yè)園，中國(guó)大連116622；c中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京）巖土力學(xué)地下工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，中國(guó)北京100083；摘要：壓力異常造成的頂板突水是煤礦生產(chǎn)個(gè)過(guò)程當(dāng)中造成災(zāi)害的主要因素之一。頂板突水會(huì)引起大面積的頂板垮落，在頂板破碎支撐開采中會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害。突出的水會(huì)造成淹井事故并對(duì)礦井安全造成危害。本篇旨在分析兗州煤業(yè)集團(tuán)濟(jì)寧三號(hào)礦6301工作面的異常突水對(duì)支護(hù)的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)地質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)造成的頂板突水以及根據(jù)礦業(yè)理論頂板垮落的危害的信息分析，我們建議參考富水區(qū)調(diào)整工作面長(zhǎng)度和開切眼的位置。若遇到頂板壓力異常的情況，我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)“砌體梁理論”建立。同時(shí)改善排水系統(tǒng)的排水能力并保證水倉(cāng)有適當(dāng)?shù)拇媪袅?。通過(guò)這些，我們就能對(duì)頂板水突出做好防治的工作，進(jìn)而確保煤礦的安全生產(chǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：頂板；突水壓力；異常；分析；控制1.引言國(guó)內(nèi)外有諸多學(xué)者對(duì)礦壓做了大量研究并得出了豐碩的成果。但是，礦壓的的不規(guī)律性和由開采引起的圍巖條件的多變性使得建立一個(gè)系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確的力學(xué)模型變的非常困難。此外，現(xiàn)實(shí)中一塊煤田的不同區(qū)域的地質(zhì)條件也不盡相同，非常復(fù)雜。同時(shí)考慮到各種研究方法的局限性，所以我們必須用很多種不同的方法去預(yù)測(cè)和檢測(cè)地質(zhì)條件。對(duì)圍巖支護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算分析，完善了預(yù)測(cè)和檢測(cè)方法，從而形成了一個(gè)能確保工作面安全，高效生產(chǎn)的合理的檢測(cè)、預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。綜采放頂煤工作面的礦壓顯現(xiàn)一般是在壓力異常的情況下發(fā)生的，以動(dòng)態(tài)的形式影響工作面正常、安全生產(chǎn)。圍巖的力學(xué)平衡被破壞，從而導(dǎo)致支護(hù)系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)，頂板破碎坍塌，最終引發(fā)煤與瓦斯突出。礦壓顯現(xiàn)的不規(guī)律不僅破壞工作面設(shè)備，造成煤炭資源的損失，而且會(huì)威脅到人的生命安全，甚至有可能引發(fā)一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。近些年，在兗州和徐州礦區(qū)的很多礦井出現(xiàn)沖擊礦壓，給煤礦企業(yè)造成了很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此，對(duì)綜采工作面圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動(dòng)的近一步研究，可以揭示礦壓顯現(xiàn)的規(guī)律性，從而找到在采煤過(guò)程中預(yù)防或防止沖擊礦壓的發(fā)生的方法，以達(dá)到安全高效生產(chǎn)的目的。2.煤層地質(zhì)條件以及上覆巖層結(jié)構(gòu)在位于濟(jì)寧市郊區(qū)濟(jì)三煤礦，礦區(qū)面積約110平方公里，地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量為8.8億噸，工業(yè)儲(chǔ)量8.00億噸，可采儲(chǔ)量5.3億噸。3號(hào)煤層儲(chǔ)量4億噸，占整個(gè)礦井可采儲(chǔ)量的75.5%。這些煤層是二疊系山西組和石炭系太原組的一部分，共有八層煤，平均厚度為10.44米。主要可收回煤炭是3上，3下層，平均厚度為6.21米。礦區(qū)中央是一條南北走向的大斷層，造成東面地勢(shì)上升，西面地勢(shì)下降。另外還有一些東西走向的小斷層。在煤田的東面和東南方向是比較平緩的，大部分煤層傾角小于5°，在有褶皺的地方角度有比較平緩的變化。較深的向斜結(jié)構(gòu)向西和西南方向延伸，角度在5°到9°之間。礦井預(yù)計(jì)排水量516m3/h。關(guān)鍵層是地表以下第二巖梁，即M5的粉砂巖，厚6.5m。影響著工作面頂板的突水，詳細(xì)頂板巖石結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)表1。3.水引起的主要支護(hù)系統(tǒng)破壞分析濟(jì)三礦曾發(fā)生5次水淹6301工作面的事故，其主要原因分為兩方面：（1）在上部巖層中有含水層；據(jù)鉆井和工作面音頻探測(cè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)地表有四個(gè)水積聚區(qū)，分別在煤層所對(duì)應(yīng)地表的兩端和中間。此外，在3下煤層頂板的上方193m處發(fā)現(xiàn)有含水豐富的侏羅紀(jì)地層。表1工作面垮落巖層概況序號(hào)巖性巖層厚度（m）深度（m）頂板結(jié)構(gòu)最大厚度（m）StepC0C。。。。11.20639。。。4.20。。3.80M5。。。。6.50底板第二關(guān)鍵層16.56020M4。。10.00頂板。。。。M3。。。。9.00底板第一關(guān)鍵層28.08227。。。。M2。。19.00頂板。。。。。。M17.00直接頂7.0M7.06685（2）大面積