10.0I 意圖驅動自智網絡白皮書Intent-Driven Autonomous Network

I.Introduction

Inresponsetotheon-demandservicesinallscenarios,thefuturenetworksareexpectedto

allowuserstoenjoyservices,changenetworksandshareresourcesasdesired.Inthefuture,all

scenarioswillcoexistinthenetwork,andtherewillbemanyglobalnetworkparameters,diverse

resourceconflicts,highlycomplicatednetworkconfiguration,andmismatcheddelivery.Therefore,

itisnecessarytoenableintelligentmanagementandcontrolofthenetworkbasedonserviceintent.

Intelligentnetworksaretheproductofdeepintegrationofnetworksandartificialintelligence(AI).

RelatednewnetworkconceptsincludeIntent-BasedNetwork(IBN),Intent-DrivenNetwork

(IDN),AutonomousDrivingNetwork(ADN)andAutonomousNetwork(AN),etc.Themain

promotersincludestandardsorganizationssuchasIETF,ONF,TMForum,andCCSA,ICT

equipmentmanufacturerssuchasCiscoandHuawei,andtelecommunicationoperatorssuchas

ChinaMobileandChinaUnicom.ThiswhitepaperbelievesthattheIDNisthekeytechnologyto

realizefullyadvancedautonomousnetworksinthefuture.Theintent-drivenautonomousnetwork

(IDAN)isthereforedefinedherein,aimingtoexploretheconcepts,architectures,technologies,

andusecases,andsummarizefuturework.

IDANhasbecomeaconsensusintheindustry.Variousstandardsorganizations,industry

organizations,opensourcecommunities,andotherplayersinthecommunicationindustryare

activelypromotingtheindustrialapplicationlayoutofautonomousnetworks,coveringallfieldsof

theindustry,suchascommunicationoperatorsandcommunicationequipmentmanufacturers.As

thetechnicalresearchanddevelopmentandcommercialimplementationofIDANareaccelerating

pace,theindustryisbooming.

Throughtop-downforwardintentfulfillmentandbottom-upreverseintentassurance,IDAN

establishesclosed-looplifecyclemanagementofaspace-divided(fromuserspacetodigitalspace

tophysicalspace)andmulti-layerIDN.Basedonthezerotrustprinciple,astep-by-stepfeedback

methodisadoptedtocontinuouslymonitortheentirecyclefordynamicoptimization.

Bybuildingautomated,intelligentO&Mcapabilitiesthroughoutthenetworklifecycle,

IDANprovidescustomerswiththeultimateserviceexperienceof"zerowait,zerofailure,and

zerocontact",andcreateefficientO&Mfeaturing"self-configuration,self-fix,and

self-optimization"fortheproductionfrontlineofthenetwork.BydeeplyintegratingAIwiththe

hardware,software,andsystemsofthecommunicationnetwork,IDANfacilitatesagileinnovation

ofenablementservices,intelligentnetworkoperation,andbuildingofintelligence-endogenous

networks.

Buildinganintent-drivenautonomousnetworkisacomplexsystemprojectthatrequires

completetop-leveldesign,andunifieddefinitionofstandardsandtechnicalprocesses.Thiswhite

paperanalyzesthedevelopmenttrendsofIDANinacomprehensivemanner,sortsoutthe

evolutiontrendsofkeytechnologiesonIDAN,discussestheindustrialapplicationofautonomous

networksofoperatorsandequipmentvendors,andanalyzesthetechnicalchallengesand

engineeringproblemsofIDANapplicationstoguidesubsequentresearchandapplication.

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II.MotivationandDevelopmentHistoryofIDAN

Drivenbytherapiddevelopmentofthedigitaleconomy,theglobaltelecommunications

industryisacceleratingthetransformationandupgradingtowardsautomated,intelligentnetworks.

Withthelarge-scaledeploymentandrapidcommercializationofcommunicationnetworks,the

rapidlydevelopingdigitaleconomyhasopenedthedoortothedigitalera.Withthedeep

integrationofcommunicationnetworksandAI,autonomousnetworkscanprovideconsumersand

verticalindustryuserswithinnovativenetworkservicesanddigitalexperience[1].

OperatorshavegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofIDAN.ChinaMobileviewsthe

autonomousnetworkasakeytrendinimprovingthequalityandefficiencyofcommunication

networksandfacilitatingthedigitalupgradeoftheindustry.WithtechnologiessuchasIDN,it

helpsenableautomateddeploymentofsensingandcontrolpoliciesinthenetworkandevolution

toadvancedautonomousnetworks.ChinaUnicomemphasizesthatinordertomeetthediverse

serviceneedsofusers,networksmusthavethecharacteristicsofloadresponseandservice

customizationinallscenarios.Theintroductionoftheconceptofintentcansimplifynetwork

operations,improveautomationlevel,andmeetservicedemandsmoreeffectively.ChinaTelecom

proposedtheconceptof"intent-basednetwork"atthe2019SDN/NFV/AIConference.Drivenby

intents,IBNworkstorealizepersonalizednetworkservicesandflexibleallocationandsharingof

networkresources.IBNaimstocovertheentiresociety,industry,andecosystem,anddefinean

intelligentmanagementandcontrolsystemforallscenariosanddomains.Chineseoperatorsare

leadingtheinnovativepracticeofautonomousnetworksandpromotingaconsensusinthe

industryacrosstheworld.Since2021whenChinaMobilefirstproposedthegoalofreachingL4

in2025,severalcompaniesincludingChinaUnicomandChinaTelecomhavesetrelevantgoals,

aimingtoreachL4levelinhigh-valuescenariosoracrossallnetworks.

Equipmentvendorsarelaunchingintent-drivenproductsandsolutions.Huaweihasproposed

intheindustrytheconceptandgradingstandardoftheautonomousdrivingnetwork.Ithasdefined

gradingstandardforautonomousdrivingincommunicationnetworksintermsofservice

experience,labor-savinglevel,andcomplexityofthenetworkenvironment.Accordingtothis

gradingstandard,L5,i.e.thefullyautonomousnetwork,whichistheultimatedevelopmentgoal

oftelecommunicationsnetworks,isalsothedevelopmentgoalofIDAN.ZTEhasproposedthe

"autonomousevolvingnetwork"(AEN)solution.ByusingubiquitousAItopromotethe

intelligentializationoftheentirenetwork,andadoptingthehierarchicalclosed-loopprincipleto

buildanintelligentnetworksystematthenetworkelementlevel,single-domainlevel,and

cross-domainlevel,AENaimstopushthenetworksystemtograduallyrealizeautonomous

operation,and,asdrivenbydata,enableself-learningandself-evolution,andtheintelligent

autonomousnetworksystem,soastooptimizetheinvestmentefficiencyandO&Mefficiencyof

thenetwork.ZTEhasplannedacomprehensiveserviceprocesscovering"planning,building,

maintenance,optimization,andoperation"andmorethan60intelligentapplicationscenarios,

includingsingle-domainintelligentscenariosinvariousdedicateddomainssuchaswireless,

bearer,andcorenetworks,aswellasscenariosofend-to-enddigitaloperationacrossdedicated

domains.

Manyuniversitiesareexploringbreakthroughsinsingletechnicalpointsonautonomous

networks.BeijingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunicationshasconductedresearchon

knowledge-definedintent-drivennetworks.XidianUniversityistryingtoachieveaclosed-loop

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intentlifecyclefollowingthetwotechnicalpaths:top-downintentfulfillmentandbottom-up

intentassurance.UniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChinahasdeeplyexplored

intentrepresentationandtheclassificationandmodelingtechnologies,andappliedthe

intent-drivenconcepttoemergencycommunications.

Inordertoseizetheopportunityfirst,enterpriseshavebeenconstantlymakingadjustments

andchanges.Inordertobenefitfromthemarketopportunitiesbroughtbykeytechnologiesin

futurenetworks,cloudcomputing,andedgecomputing,operatorsmustalsomakeactivechanges

anddevotethemselvesin.Inthefutureservicescenarios,notonlynetworkswithlowlatency,high

reliability,andsupportformassivedeviceconnectionsarerequired,butoperatorsarealso

expectedtoprovideadditionalservices,includingmassivedataanalysis,imagerecognition,and

precisepositioning.Researchactivitiesonintent-drivenautonomousnetworksarepopularin

universities,showingthehugeandunstoppabledevelopmentpotentialofthisfield.

2.1ResearchBackgroundandMotivation

Thedevelopmentoftheglobaldigitaleconomyismovingtowardsanewstageof"deep

application,standardizeddevelopment,andinclusivesharing".Thedigitaltransformationisbeing

advancedinvariousindustries,expandingfromofficeandmarketingservicescenariostocore

productionandmanufacturingscenarios,shiftingfromefficiencychangetovaluechange,and

extendingfrominternaldigitaltransformationwithintheenterprisetocollaborativetransformation

alongtheindustrialchainandvaluechain.Againstthisbackdrop,theneedfor5Gapplicationsand

cloud-basedbigdata-drivenintelligencehasbeenmorecommonandurgentamonggovernments

andenterprises.

Inthepasttenyears,Chinahasachievedremarkableachievementsinthedevelopmentofthe

digitaleconomy.In2022,China'sdigitaleconomyregisteredaGDPofCNY50.2trillion,witha

year-on-yearnominalgrowthof10.3%,significantlyhigherthanthenominalGDPgrowthratein

thesameperiodfor11consecutiveyears.Thedigitaleconomyaccountsfor41.5%ofGDP,

equivalenttotheproportionofthesecondaryindustryinthenationaleconomy.Withitsoverall

scalerankingsecondintheworld,thedigitaleconomyinChinaisincreasinglyplayingaleading

andsupportingroleineconomicandsocialdevelopment.2023witnesstheemergenceofmany

newdigitalservices,suchascomputing-networkintegration,InternetofVehicles,andHDICT,

providedbycommunicationoperators,aswellasnewbusinessmodels,suchasnetworkasa

service,servicecustomization,andprojectdelivery.Allthisplaceshigherrequirementson

networkinfrastructureandautomatedintelligentoperation.

Drivenbytherapiddevelopmentofthedigitaleconomy,theglobaltelecommunications

industryisacceleratingthetransformationandupgradingtowardsautomated,intelligentnetworks.

Againstthisbackdrop,autonomousnetworksemerge.Inordertomeetthediversedigitalneedsof

verticalindustriesandconsumerlives,theautonomousnetworkframeworkanditskeyfeatures

areproposed.However,theevolutionofnetworktechnologyandtheimprovementinO&M

managementhavebroughtmanychallenges.

2.1.1Challenge1:DiverseandChangingServiceRequirementsofUsers

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,variousindustrieshaveincreasinglyurgent

needsfortechnologicalinnovation.Forexample,thedevelopmentofnewenergy,AI,bigdataand

otherfieldshascreatedopportunitiesfortransformationandupgradingacrosstraditional

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industries.Userdemandsfornetworkservicesarealsochangingfasterandfaster.Inpursuitof

personalizedandcustomizedconsumerexperiences,usershavemorediversedemandsfor

productsandservices.Operatornetworkservicesmusthavetheagilitytocaptureuserintent,

intelligentlyandflexiblyadjustresourceallocationandoperationpoliciesbasedonuserintent,

andimproveproductandservicequalitytomeettheconstantlychangingneedsofusersand

enhanceuserexperience.Withthesaturationoftheindividualusermarket,thedigitizationof

verticalindustriesandthatofconsumerliveshavebecomethehighly-expectedpotentialgrowth

points,andmorediverseneedshavebeenproposedforconnectivity,bandwidth,latency,reliability,

andotheraspectsofnetworkservices.

2.1.2Challenge2:HeterogeneityandComplexityofIntelligentNetworks

Withthedramaticincreaseinthenumberofdevicesconnectedtothenetwork,thenetwork

areconstantlyexpanding.Thiswillbringhugechallengestonetworkmanagement,e.g.howto

ensurereasonableallocationofnetworkresources,howtoimprovenetworkperformance.In

addition,intelligentheterogeneousnetworksinthefuturewillcovermultipleaccesstechnologies,

multipleapplicationscenarios,anddeeplyintegratewithvariousindustriesandfields.Thiswill

makethenetworkarchitecturemorecomplexandrequirebetternetworkmanagement.Howto

simplifynetworkmanagementandimproveO&Mefficiencywillbeoneofthemajorchallenges.

2.1.3Challenge3:PersonalizedandCustomizedOn-DemandServices

On-demandservicesinallscenariosaimtoprovideuserswithpersonalizedandcustomized

networkservicestomeettheneedsofdifferentscenarios.WithAItechnology,intent-driven

intelligentpoliciescanbettersenseuserneeds,enableintelligentschedulingandoptimizationof

networkresources,andthusimprovenetworkperformanceanduserexperience.Theintegrationof

on-demandservicesinallscenariosandintelligentpoliciescanbettermeetusers'networkneedsin

differentscenariosandimprovenetworkresourceutilization.Theautonomousnetworkhasa

networksystemwithautonomouslearning,adaptiveadjustmentandself-optimization.Itcan

automaticallyadjustnetworkparametersbasedonuserbehaviorandnetworkconditionsto

reasonablyallocateandoptimizenetworkresources.TheIDNdrivestheadjustmentand

optimizationofnetworkbehaviorwithuserneedsandintentatthecore.Theintegrationof

autonomousnetworksandIDNbringsmanyadvantages,includingimprovednetwork

performance,betteruserexperience,greaternetworksecurityprotection,lowermanagementcost,

andadaptabilitytothedevelopmentrequirementsinfuturenetworks.

Tosumup,inordertomeetdiverseserviceneedsofusers,theintroductionofintentbecomes

thekeytosolvingproblemsinthefuturedevelopmentofnetworkloadfeaturesandservice

customizationinallscenarios,soastosimplifynetworkoperations,improveautomationlevel,

andbettermeetserviceneeds.

2.2DevelopmentHistoryofIDAN

Asmanydomesticandforeignstandardsorganizations,includingTMForum,3GPP,ITU-T,

ETSI,andCCSA,havebeencarryingouttheworkrelatedtoautonomousnetworks,enterprises

areactivelypromotingthestandardizedlayoutofautonomousnetworkstocompeteforavoicein

theindustry[5-7].

In2015,theNorthboundInterfaceWorkingGroupoftheOpenNetworkingFoundation

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publishedtheIntent-BasedNetworkingWhitePaper.Gartner,Cisco,andHuaweihave

successivelyproposedthedefinitionofIDN,clarifyingthebasiccomponentsofIDN,suchas

intenttranslation,intentverification,automaticimplementation,andholographicsensing[7][10].

Asabrand-newnetworkmodelthatanalyzesuserintent,IDNtranslatestheintentinto

correspondingnetworkpolicies,andultimatelyrealizesautomateddeploymentofnetworksensing

andcontrolpolicies,andthusthenetworkisevolvedfromastaticresourcesystemintoadynamic

systemthatcanmeetbusinessgoalscontinuously.

In2015,ONFreleasedastandardproposaltitledIntent:Don'tTellMeWhattoDo!TellMe

WhatYouWant:Inintent-basednetworks,intelligentsoftwaredecideshowtotranslateintentinto

configurationsforspecificinfrastructuresothatthenetworkcanoperateinthedesiredmanner.

In2017,CiscoproposedinthewhitepapertitledMovingtowardsIntent-BasedNetworks:

Thenetworkteamcanuseconcisewordstodescribetheworktheywanttoaccomplish,andthen

thenetworkcantranslatetheintentintonumerouspoliciesthatwillmakeappropriate

configurationandsettingchangesincomplex,heterogeneousenvironmentswiththeautomated

functions.

In2017,theNetworkManagementResearchGroup(NMRG)oftheInternationalInternet

ResearchTaskForceIRTFlaunchedtheintentresearch,focusingontheanalysisofconcept

definitions,mainprinciples,intentclassification,andlifecyclemanagement,andreleasedRFC

9315andRFC9316,whichdefineintentastheabstract,high-levelpolicyforoperatingnetworks

[5].

In2018,theIDMS_MNprojectinitiatedby3GPPSA5describedtheconceptandscenarios

ofintent-drivenmanagementintermsofthemobilecommunicationnetworkmanagementlayer,

andrecommendedstandardizingintentexpressioninthespecificationstage.3GPPreleasedtheTS

28.312standardinR18.In2024,theFS_IDMS_MN_Ph3projectwaslaunchedinR19toconduct

furtherresearchonenhancedintent-drivenmanagementservicesformobilenetworks.

In2019,ETSIlaunchedthecomprehensiveresearchonintentstandards.Thefirstreleased

ETSIGSENI005definestheENIsystempolicymanagementmodel,whichsupportsdeclarative

policies,imperativepoliciesandintentpolicies.ETSIGRENI013,releasedin2022,focuseson

intentinformationmodelstandardization,andcarriesoutgapanalysisbasedonthecurrentstatus

oftheindustry.ETSIIFA050,launchedatthesameyear,mainlystudiesintent-driveninterfaces

andmodelstandards.ETSISOL021,launchedin2023,mainlystudiestheRESTfulprotocoland

datamodelspecificationsregardingtherequirementsonintentmanagementserviceinterface.

Theautonomousnetwork,jointlyproposedbyTMForumandindustrypartnersin2019,aims

toleadtheautomatedandintelligenttransformationofnetworkinfrastructureandoperation

systems.Aftermorethanfouryearsofdevelopment,systematicconcepts,standards,

implementationmethods,andapplicationcasesoftheautonomousnetworkhaveformed,with

remarkableachievementsinindustryconsensus,standardformulation,andpracticeand

deployment[7].

(1)Industryconsensus:Zero-X/Self-Xvision,L0-L5grading,three-layerand

four-closed-looparchitecture,single-domainautonomyandcross-domaincollaboration,

intent-drivenandfullstackAIandmanyotherconceptshavebecomewidely-acceptedindustry

consensus;

(2)Standardformulation:9majorstandardsorganizations,includingTMForum,3GPP,

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CCSA,andETSI,havebeenfocusingon5majorstandarddirections,andhaveinitiated/published

morethan80standards/researchsubjectsintotal.Inaddition,theyrelyontheM-SDOInitiative,

involvingmultiplestandardsorganizations,toensurehomogeneousarchitecturesandunified

standards;

(3)Practiceanddeployment:14leadingoperators,includingChinaMobile,ChinaTelecom,

ChinaUnicom,DeutscheTelekom,andVodafone,haveincludedautonomousnetworksintotheir

groupstrategies.Drivenbycommercialvalueandoperationaleffectiveness,theyaimtoconduct

hierarchicalassessmentandautonomouscapabilityplanningandbuildinginaniterativewaywith

thegoalofreachingL4autonomybetween2025and2027.

In2021,TMFofficiallylaunchedtheworkonstandardsrelatedtocross-layerand

cross-domaingeneralintent.Inthesameyear,itdeliveredIG1253andaseriesofintent-related

specifications,andconductedin-depthresearchonintentmodeling,intentinformationmodels,

intentlifecyclemanagement,interfacesandintentusecases[4].In2022,itlaunchedresearchon

theTR290generalintentmodel,TR291extendedintentmodel,andTR292intentmanagement

ontology.Anditpublishedtworesearchreportsonthedevelopmentofintentinautonomous

networks:AutonomousNetworks:EmpoweringDigitalTransformation-FromStrategyto

Implementationin2021andIntentinAutonomousNetworksin2022[8].

TheNFVspecialprojectgroupSP1ofCCSAreleasedaseriesofstandardsfortechnical

requirementsfornetworkfunctionsvirtualization(NFV)managementandorchestrationin2021,

stipulatingtheoverallarchitectureandfunctionalrequirementsofintentmanagement,intent

managementinformationmodelsandintentmanagementinterfacesinthetechnicalrequirements

forNFVmanagementandorchestration.TheNetworkManagementTechnicalCommitteeTC7of

CCSAlaunchedtechnicalresearchonintentmanagementinautonomousnetworksinJune2022,

focusingonresearchanddiscussiononintentmanagementarchitecturesandrelatedreference

points,intentexpressionmodels,intentlifecyclemanagement,etc.Anditofficiallylaunchedthe

formulationofstandardsfortechnicalrequirementsforintentmanagementinautonomous

networksinJune2023[9].

Duringtheabove-mentionedstandardizationresearchprocess,variousstandards

organizationsandmanufacturershavebeenactivelydevotedintheresearchonIDNandproposed

theirsolutions.IDNsaregraduallydevelopingfromtheorytopractice,andareconstantlybeing

improvedandoptimizedinpractice,showinggreatpotentialinnetworkmanagement,automated

deployment,andoptimizednetworkresourceallocation.However,thecurrentresearchand

practiceofIDNsarestillfacingsomechallengesandproblems.Forexample,howtoaccurately

understandandtranslateuserintent,howtoensuretheaccuracyofintentverificationand

implementation,andhowtoenablecomprehensivesensinganddynamicadjustmentofthe

network.Alltheseproblemshavetobestudiedandsolvedinfutureresearchandpractice.In

addition,autonomousnetworks,asanimportantapplicationscenarioofIDNs,aregettingmore

andmoreattention.Withtheintroductionoftheconceptofintent,autonomousnetworksenables

automated,intelligent,anddynamicnetworks,therebybettermeetingtheneedsofusersand

businessdevelopment.Therefore,howtoachieveeffectivemanagementandapplicationofintent

inautonomousnetworkswillbeanimportantsubjectinthefutureresearch.

III.ConceptionMeaningandAdvantagesofIDAN

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Basedontheabove-mentionedexistingstandardizationresearchresults,thereisanurgent

needforaconsensusonthedefinitionofintentinautonomousnetworks,andthedefinition,

architectureandkeytechnologiesofIDNs.AndthetheoreticalandtechnicalsystemofIDNs

needstobeimprovedandoptimizedtobetterpromotethedevelopmentandprogressofthe

network.ThischapterintroducesthebasicconceptsofIDAN,includingtheoverallframework,

coreideas,andkeycapabilities.

3.1ConceptofIDAN

AsdefinedinTMFIG1253[4],intentistheformalspecificationofallexpectations,

includingtherequirements,goalsandconstraintsfortechnicalsystems.Theintentowneristhe

creatoroftheintentandisresponsibleforthemanagementoftheintentlifecycle.Theintent

processoristhereceiverofanintent,andisresponsibleforintentrealizationandsatisfaction,and

themanagementofthelifecycleoftheintentinstance.

IDANisanadvancedversionofIDN.Itemphasizesthatthenetworknolongerpassively

receivesserviceinstructions,buttriestoactivelyunderstandtheintentofhumanadministratorsto

anticipateopportunitiesandactaccordingtotheintentasfaraspossible,andtakesintoaccount

boththeaccuracyoftheintentandnetworkoptimizationgoals.Inaddition,itcandynamically

adjustnetworkparameterstoimprovenetworkperformanceaccordingtothenetworkenvironment

anduserneeds.Accordingtotheautonomousnetworkgradingstandards,attheL4(advanced

autonomousnetwork)stage,IDANareimplementedbyintroducingintent.IDAN'smeaning

coversthefollowingaspects:

Withuserintentatthecore:Userintentisthemainconsiderationinthedesignandoperation

ofnetworksystems.Networkresourcesareautomaticallyadjustedbyanalyzingandunderstanding

userneeds.Italsotakestimetoprovideoptimizedservices.Notallintentisofequalpriority,soit

shouldconfigureapriorityforeachintentandreservethatofhighpriority.

Automatedandintelligent:Withadvancedautomationandintelligencetechnologies,suchas

artificialintelligenceandmachinelearning,networkresourcescanbeoptimallyallocated,and

automaticconfigurationofintentpriority,optimization,andfailurerecoverycanbeenabled.These

technologiescanlearn,senseandmakedecisionsautonomously,therebyimprovingthe

adaptabilityofthenetwork.

Zerowait,zerocontact,andzerofailure:WithpreciseresourcecontrolandautomatedO&M

capabilities,real-timeserviceprovisioning,ready-to-useandzero-waitexperiencecanberealized;

withend-to-endnetworkmonitoringandintelligentconfigurationfailurerecovery,zero-failure

experiencecanberealized;withopennetworkdataandcapabilitiesandself-services,zero-contact

experiencecanberealized.

Networkautonomyinallscenarios:Buildingsystematiccapabilitiesbasedonthefour

managementlayersofnetworkelements,resources,service,andbusiness,enablesnetwork

autonomyinallscenarios.Bybuildingsystematiccapabilitiesatdifferentlayers,collaborationand

closed-loopcontrolbetweendifferentmanagementlevelscanbeachieved,whichboostsexternal

businessgrowthandimprovesinternalefficiency.

3.2TechniquesofIDAN

Anautonomousnetworkisanetworkinfrastructure,operationmanagementsystemand

servicesystemthatintegrateintelligenceandautomation[2].Atpresent,theautomatedO&M

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capabilitiesofautonomousnetworksrelylargelyonpresetempiricalrulescarefullydevisedby

experts.However,theserule-basedautomatedpoliciesmayfacemanychallengesinreal-world

applications.First,thedesignofrulescannotcoverallscenarios,resultinginpoorperformancesin

specificorcomplexenvironments.Secondly,parameterconfigurationisusuallystatic,andcannot

adapttoinstantchangesinthenetworkenvironment,reducingsystemadaptabilityandresponse

speed.Inaddition,parameterconfigurationsareoftendividedintoseveralfixedranges,and

cannotberefinedaccordingtoactualneeds,affectingresourceutilizationefficiency.Finally,

interventionofexpertsisrequiredtoidentifyandresolvepotentialconflictsbetweenrules,

increasingoperationalcomplexityandcost.Inresponsetotheseproblems,autonomousnetworks

needtousemoreintelligentandflexibletechnologiestoadapttotheconstantlychangingnetwork

environmentandneeds.ThisisakeytechnicalresearchdirectionforimplementingIDAN.

(1)Externalinputintentandendogenousintent

Accordingtothewayofgeneration,intentinIDANcanbedividedintohuman-generated

intentandautomaticallygeneratedintent.Human-generatedintentiscalledextrinsicintent,and

automaticallygeneratedintentiscalledintrinsicintent.Thekeytechnologymainlyinvolvedin

extrinsicintentisintentunderstanding.Intrinsicintentisendogenousintentthatisusuallyevolved

tobetteraccomplishhumanintent,andthekeytechnologyinvolvedisintentprediction.

"Autonomous"isreflectedintheprocessofi