浙江專用2024高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一第二部分題型應(yīng)對(duì)策略第二講做出推理和判斷-推理判斷題教案

PAGE1-其次講做出推理和推斷——推理推斷題推理推斷題是歷年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的命題集中點(diǎn)，包括推理和推斷兩個(gè)方面，屬于深層理解題。高考對(duì)推理推斷題的考查形式包括以下幾種：推斷隱含意義、推斷目的意圖、推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象、推斷觀點(diǎn)看法。高考推理推斷題題量統(tǒng)計(jì)考綱解讀年份浙江卷(1)推理推斷是指在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的示意，做出確定的推理和推斷，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過(guò)程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的實(shí)力以及考生的識(shí)別實(shí)力。(3)推理推斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義?！究疾樘攸c(diǎn)】Ⅰ.把握推理推斷題常見(jiàn)的命題方式：(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat________．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis________．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby________．(8)Thefirst/lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.駕馭推理推斷題的考查角度：(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：推斷隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)看法。(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、目標(biāo)讀者。eq\a\vs4\al([考向1])推斷隱含意義題——邏輯分析得結(jié)論推斷隱含意義題要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出合情合理的推理和推斷，即考生不僅須要讀懂原文，而且還要理解作者的言外之意。其涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句或某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都要以文中供應(yīng)的信息為依據(jù)。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________．◆Whatcanweinferabout...?◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply?[典例](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto________．A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．a(chǎn)ssessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents’loveforpoliticseq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息inferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sproject其次步定位到原文信息句，并找出體現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)看法的關(guān)鍵句Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.第三步進(jìn)行合理推斷得出答案Whaley創(chuàng)辦這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的不僅僅是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)閱讀和在公共場(chǎng)合演講，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)覺(jué)自己的特長(zhǎng)，從而樹(shù)立自信。自主解答：Aeq\a\vs4\al()第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息。其次步在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，立足原文，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理推斷。eq\a\vs4\al([考向2])寫作意圖題——文體特點(diǎn)看意圖通常狀況下，作者在文中不干脆陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的實(shí)力。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?◆Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto________．[典例](2024·浙江卷6月·A)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識(shí)字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop？Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.23．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中關(guān)鍵信息purpose其次步速讀文章，試找出相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵句Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.第三步與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比得出答案依據(jù)文中對(duì)查爾斯·狄更斯及其作品在英國(guó)小說(shuō)史上重要性的介紹，和文章最終一句可知，本文寫于查爾斯·狄更斯誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀(jì)念查爾斯·狄更斯這位宏大的作家。自主解答：Aeq\a\vs4\al()寫作意圖通常有以下三種：1．toentertainreaders/totellanexperience常見(jiàn)于記敘文、個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)或故事類的文章。2．topersuadereaders/tosellaproductoraservice/toattractreadersorvisitors常見(jiàn)于廣告。3．toinformreaders/toreport/totell/todescribe常見(jiàn)于科普類、新聞報(bào)道類、文化類或社會(huì)生活類的文章，以及勸說(shuō)類或建議類的文章。eq\a\vs4\al([考向3])觀點(diǎn)看法題——依據(jù)措辭定看法高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解對(duì)觀點(diǎn)看法類的設(shè)題越來(lái)越敏捷，題目難度也有所增加，考查作者對(duì)文中人、事、物或內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)或看法的題量較多。這對(duì)考生對(duì)文章的主旨大意和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多種閱讀理解的技巧來(lái)細(xì)致確定提干的關(guān)鍵信息，借此定位文中的原句并精確推斷出答案。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：◆Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?◆Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?◆Whatistheauthor’sopinionon/about...?◆Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundin...paragraph?◆Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?◆Theauthorthinks...is________．◆Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________.[典例](2024·北京卷·D片段)PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcars...Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.50．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself－drivingcars?A．Doubtful. ．Positive.C．Disapproving. ．Sympathetic.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息theauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars其次步定位到原文信息句，并找出進(jìn)行推斷的關(guān)鍵句首段中的Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.和尾段中的Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.第三步進(jìn)行合理推斷得出答案無(wú)人駕駛汽車的時(shí)代立刻到來(lái)，打算好迎接它吧。由此推斷作者對(duì)無(wú)人駕駛汽車的發(fā)展持主動(dòng)樂(lè)觀的看法。自主解答：Beq\a\vs4\al()1．留意作者或文中人物的措辭：文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或看法往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。(1)正確駕馭字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不行用自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。(2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語(yǔ)言及表達(dá)情感、看法或觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)或句子。(3)結(jié)合平常所積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景學(xué)問(wèn)來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。2．牢記常見(jiàn)有關(guān)作者情感看法的詞語(yǔ)：(1)表示支持或確定：positive主動(dòng)樂(lè)觀的；supportive支持的；optimistic樂(lè)觀的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic熱忱的；pleasant開(kāi)心的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感愛(ài)好的，漠不關(guān)切的；uninterested不感愛(ài)好的；objective客觀的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。(3)表示反對(duì)或否定：disgusted憎惡的，厭惡的；critical指責(zé)的；negative否定的，消極的；suspicious/skeptical懷疑的；disappointed悲觀的；disapproving不贊成的。eq\a\vs4\al([考向4])文章出處或讀者對(duì)象題——語(yǔ)言特色推出處或讀者對(duì)象文章來(lái)源題要求考生具備確定的常識(shí)，能夠依據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來(lái)推斷文章的出處和類別。讀者對(duì)象推斷題要求考生依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文中的措辭推斷文章的讀者對(duì)象，即作者預(yù)定的讀者對(duì)象是什么人。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：◆Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?◆Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound?◆Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________．◆Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear?◆Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor________．◆Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________．◆Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?[典例](2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·C片段)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測(cè)量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. ．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. ．Amagazine.eq\a\vs4\al([解題思路])第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息likelyfrom其次步定位到原文，找尋相關(guān)信息ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.第三步進(jìn)行合理推斷得出答案依據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤”以及關(guān)鍵詞researchers，low-costdevice等來(lái)推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報(bào)道?？蒲袌?bào)道，最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。自主解答：Deq\a\vs4\al()從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)推斷其出處：1．報(bào)紙：前面常會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。2．廣告：格式特別，簡(jiǎn)單分辨。3．產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：常含有操作方式、運(yùn)用方法等。4．網(wǎng)頁(yè)：常含有網(wǎng)頁(yè)的典型用語(yǔ)，如click等。(2024·浙江卷6月·B)Money__with__no__strings__attached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的)backgroundsgaveandtook，”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles，”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章介紹了TylerBridges發(fā)起的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，讓有實(shí)力的人捐助錢財(cái)，讓須要的人自取錢財(cái)，而這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的宗旨是讓人們能夠相互幫助。24．Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraph1mean?A．Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B．Moneynotlegallymade.C．Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D．Moneynottiedtogether.C解析：句意理解題。依據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合木板上寫的“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed”可知，附在木板上的錢是可以隨意取的，并不附帶任何條件，故選C項(xiàng)。25．WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A．Womentendedtobemoresociable.B．Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C．Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D．Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Peopleofallages,races...evenhadabride”可推知，作者提到新娘參與該活動(dòng)來(lái)說(shuō)明參與人員的多樣性，故選B項(xiàng)。26．WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A．Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B．Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C．Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D．Topromotekindnessandsympathy.D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段第一句中的“Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，Bridges開(kāi)展這個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的在于傳遞“慷慨和憐憫之心”，故選D項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al()一“抓”一“整”找“依據(jù)”，巧做推理推斷題1．抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：要擅長(zhǎng)抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即用某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、推斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理。2．整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)須要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來(lái)去推理推斷，確定最佳答案。3．以事實(shí)為依據(jù)：推斷確定要以文章所供應(yīng)的事實(shí)為依據(jù)，不能憑空想象，這樣才能做出合理的推斷。A(2024·杭州診斷)AtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonArcticseaice.Morethan2，000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2024toseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(棲息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticingachangeinthemid-1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U．S.FishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight(逆境)ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,moretouristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.“Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011，”saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge.“Todaywe’retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundtheworldeachyear，”Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesofferswildlife-viewingtours,saidhe’sbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients(客戶)arefromChinaandEurope,aswellasfromthelower48U．S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemoreeffectiveprotectionforpolarbearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。氣候變暖導(dǎo)致海冰溶化，北極熊登陸，為阿拉斯加的一個(gè)小村莊帶來(lái)了巨大的人氣，促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)發(fā)展，當(dāng)?shù)厝擞钟寐糜螛I(yè)的收入為北極熊供應(yīng)主動(dòng)的愛(ài)護(hù)。1．WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?A．Foodshortage.B．Climatechange.C．Habitats’movementtoshore.D．Theirpreferenceforland.B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat(棲息地)ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.”可知，全球變暖加速了海冰溶化，破壞了北極熊原本的棲息地，越來(lái)越多的北極熊待在陸地上以找尋食物。故選B。2．Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?A．Excited. B．Puzzled.C．Concerned. D．Shocked.C解析：觀點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，隨著越來(lái)越多的北極熊出現(xiàn)在陸地上，探討人員、生物學(xué)家等也越來(lái)越多地關(guān)注北極熊所處的這一逆境，隨后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大眾對(duì)更多北極熊登陸現(xiàn)象表示關(guān)注。故選C。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.B．Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.C．Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.D．Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Mosttouristsvisitinthefall”及“Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels.”可知，大多數(shù)游客會(huì)選擇在秋季去Kaktovik巡游，而且許多游客會(huì)在這個(gè)小村莊待上幾天，而這個(gè)小村莊只有兩個(gè)小旅館，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅館很搶手。故選A。4．Whichsayingcandescribethetext?A．Thefittestcansurvive.B．Afterastormcomesacalm.C．Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.D．Everycoinhastwosides.D解析：推理推斷題。通讀文章可知，因?yàn)槿驓夂蜃兣?，北極熊被迫登陸來(lái)找尋食物以生存下去，這原來(lái)是北極熊的逆境，然而北極熊登陸卻促進(jìn)了一個(gè)小村莊旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，這對(duì)小村莊來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)機(jī)遇，同時(shí)，村民又利用旅游業(yè)的收入為北極熊供應(yīng)更多愛(ài)護(hù)。因此D項(xiàng)“事物都有兩面性”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。B(2024·浙江金麗衢十二校高三聯(lián)考)TheBBChasmadeitssecondannualreportknownsinceitsnewcharterwasestablishedandthebroadcasterpaintsaratherbleak(暗淡的)pictureforitself.Ithighlightsthefactthatthemedialandscape(局面)haschangedquiterapidlyinrecentyearsandwillmostcertainlycontinuetodoso,anditsaysthattheindustryis“moreandmoredominatedbyasmallnumberofUS-basedmediagiantswithextraordinarycreativeandfinancialfirepower”.TheBBCadded，“Theirbusinessmodelsandhugebudgetsmeanweareincreasinglybeingsqueezedoutofanevermorecompetitiveenvironment.BritishcreativityandBritishcontentarenowunderrealthreat.”However,thebroadcasterisdeterminedtodoallitcantosurviveintheevermoredigitalTVworldincreasinglycontrolledbycompanieslikeNetflixandAmazon.Inthatregard,itlaidoutafewgoalsfortheyearthatareaimedatkeepingtheBBCcompetitive.OnefocuswillbeitsiPlayerplatform.ItnotesthatyoungeraudiencesaremorefrequentlychoosingNetflixovertheBBCandit’s,therefore,makingsomechangestoiPlayerthatwillhopefullymakeitadestinationitselfratherthanjustawaytocatchuponshowsviewershavemissed.TheBBChasalreadystartedtointroducepersonalizationintoitsiPlayercontentandgoingforward.Itwillworktostrengthentheuserexperience,boost(促進(jìn))personalizationandaddmorelivecontent.Butmostimportantly,theissuecomesdowntomoney.“Thecostofsportsbroadcastingrightshasskyrocketedwhile,overall,thecostofideasandtalenthasrisenfast.”Thebroadcasterconcludesthatithasshrunkwhilethemarkethascontinuedtogrow.“Inthiscontext,theBBC’surgentchallengeistodevelopnewwaystogrowourincomesothatwecankeeppacewiththemarketaroundus,aswellassuccessfullysafeguardBritishcontentandBritain’screativetrackrecord，”itsaid.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章介紹了英國(guó)廣播公司正面臨激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，它不僅要實(shí)行措施使自己更加有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，還要保持自己的特色。5．WhatsituationistheBBCin?A．Itfacesseverecompetition.B．Itsbusinessbudgetsarehuge.C．Itprovidesbleakpictures.D．Itscreativityhasbeenlost.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“theindustryis‘moreandmoredominatedbyasmallnumberofUS-basedmediagiantswithextraordinarycreativeandfinancialfirepower’”可知，BBC面臨巨大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力。故選A。6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“dominated”inparagraph1?A．Considered. B．Chosen.C．Controlled. D．Improved.C解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)句意，這個(gè)行業(yè)“越來(lái)越多地被有著非凡的創(chuàng)建力和經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的以美國(guó)為基礎(chǔ)的傳媒大鱷所限制”。controlled“限制”符合句意，故選C。7．What’sthekeymeasuretheBBChastakentosurvive?A．Catchinguponprogrammes.B．ImprovingitsiPlayerplatform.C．SharingitsiPlayercontent.D．Reducingliveshows.B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“OnefocuswillbeitsiPlayerplatform.”和“TheBBChasalreadystartedtointroducepersonalizationintoitsiPlayercontentandgoingforward.Itwillworkto...”可知BBC為了生存有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，一個(gè)目標(biāo)就是改善iPlayer平臺(tái)，且有詳細(xì)的改善措施。故選B。8．WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphabouttheBBC?A．Ittriestodevelopwhilekeepingitsownstyle.B．Itintendstoraisethecostofbroadcastingrights.C．Itschallengeistosafeguardthemarketaround.D．Itsideasofcostandtalenthavechangedrapidly.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Inthiscontext,theBBC’surgentchallengeistodevelopnewwaystogrowourincomesothatwecankeeppacewiththemarketaroundus，aswellassuccessfullysafeguardBritishcontentandBritain’screativetrackrecord”可知，BBC在保持自己風(fēng)格的同時(shí)也在努力發(fā)展自己。故選A。[長(zhǎng)難句分析]Inthatregard,itlaidoutafewgoalsfortheyearthatareaimedatkeepingtheBBCcompetitive.(其次段其次句)分析：本句是主從復(fù)合句。其次個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾afewgoals。譯文：在這方面，它為今年制定了一些目標(biāo)，旨在保持英國(guó)廣播公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。推理推斷題——推斷隱含意義題(建議用時(shí)：25分鐘)A(2024·紹興診斷性考試)I’vebeenavolunteerintheMacmillan@GlasgowLibrariesprogrammeforjustoverayear.IgotinvolvedbecauseIwaslookingforsomethingtovolunteerforafterIretiredfromwork.IthoughtbeingaMacmillanCancerInformationandSupportVolunteermightbeagoodwaytodothatbyusingsomeoftheskillsIlearnedatwork.Atonetime,IfeltImadearealdifferencewhenaladycameintousetheservice.Shewasveryupset,butshewasnotthepersonwithcancer.Itwasherpartner.Shehadlotsofthingsonhermind.We,togetherwithacounselor,hadachatabouthertohelpdealwithalltheemotions(情感)shefelt.Weknewwecouldarrangesomething,sowediscussedwithherwhatcouldbedoneforherfamily.Shewasrelievedthatwecouldgetsomethingarrangedforherandlikedthefactthatwemanagedtogettheballrollingduringhervisit.Thegoodthingabouthavingtheservicesinthelibraryisthattheenvironmentisnon-clinicalandthereforemorerelaxingthanthehospitalordoctor’ssurgery.Theteaminthelibraryarenotmedicallytrained.Thatmeanswedonotusebigwordsormedicaltermsveryoften.It’sgreatthatthepeoplewhovolunteerallworkwelltogether,helpingeachothertogetaresolution(解決)forpeoplewhocomein.It’sgoodtohavetheteamattheotherendofthephonewheneverwegetsomethingunusual.Itisapleasuretobeabletohelpasavolunteer.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在本文中記敘了自己作為一名志愿者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去幫助那些須要幫助的人，并從中得到了歡樂(lè)。1．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Heisaretireddoctor.B．Heisvolunteeringinahospital.C．Heisacounselorincancer.D．Hehasfoughtagainstcancerbefore.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)退休，而且有醫(yī)學(xué)方面的技能；結(jié)合第三段的內(nèi)容，可以推想出作者是一名退休醫(yī)生。2．Whydidtheladyfeelupset?A．Becauseshewasaffectedbycancer.B．Becauseherhusbandsufferedfromcancer.C．Becauseshedidn’tknowhowtotreatcancer.D．Becauseshehadapoorrelationwithherhusband.B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Shewasveryupset,butshewasnotthepersonwithcancer.Itwasherpartner.”和“wediscussedwithherwhatcouldbedoneforherfamily”可知，這位女士的丈夫得了癌癥。留意：此處的“partner”表示“配偶”。3．Whatdoweknowaboutthevolunteers?A．Theydowellinteamwork.B．Theyreceivemedicaltraining.C．Theyallusedtobehelped.D．Theyoftenmeetunusualthings.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的首句“It’sgreatthatthepeoplewhovolunteerallworkwelltogether,helpingeachothertogetaresolution(解決)forpeoplewhocomein.”可知，全部的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此幫助，為來(lái)求助的人供應(yīng)好的解決方案。由此推知，他們具有很強(qiáng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)，擅長(zhǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。4．Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A．Tocallonreaderstodovoluntarywork.B．Toshowushowtohelpthoseintrouble.C．Tosharehisexperiencesasavolunteer.D．Toteachushowtotakecareofcancerpatients.C解析：寫作意圖題。綜合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講解并描述的是作者的志愿者經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此，作者寫作的目的也就是要共享他作為志愿者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。BAwomangraspedherphonetoherheartthewayaministermightholdaBible.Shewasanxioustotakeapictureofabunchofflowersthatsatnot10feetaway,butfirstshehadtogetthroughacrowdofotherspushingtodothesame.ThecauseofthiswasBouquetstoArt,oneofthemostpopularannualeventsatthedeYoungMuseuminSanFrancisco.Forthe34thyear,artistswereaskedtocreateflowerbunchesthatrespondtopiecesofartondisplay,fromancientcarvingstocontemporarysculptures.It’stimetotakeaphototopostonInstagram,buttothepointthatithasbecomeaproblem.Inrecentyears,thedeYoungreceivedmorethanathousandcomplaintsfrompeoplewhofeltthatcellphoneshadruinedtheirexperience.Infact,institutionsoffineartaroundtheworldfacesimilarproblemsasthedesiretotakephotographsbecomesahugedrawformuseumsaswellassomethingthatupsetssomeoftheirvisitors.SothedeYoungrespondedwithakindofcompromise:carvingout“photofree”hoursduringtheexhibition’ssix-dayrun.Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.ArecentstudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencesuggeststhereissometruthtothis;itfoundthatpeoplewhotookphotosofanexhibitratherthansimplyobservingithadahardertimerememberingwhattheysaw.Buttheissueiscomplicatedfortheprofessionalsrunningmuseums.LindaButler,thedeYoung’sheadofmarketing,communicationsandvisitorexperience,acknowledgesthatnoteveryonewantsamuseumtobe“aphoto-takingplayland”.Yetalotofotherpeopledo,andshethinksthatthedeYoungisinnopositiontojudgethatonemotivationforbuyinga$28ticketismorevalidthananother.“Ifweremovedsocialmediaandphotography，”shesays,“wewouldriskbecominglesspopular.”Ifthisisabattle,signsindicatethatthepro-phonecrowd(親自機(jī)人群)hasalreadywon.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹deYoung博物館收到了許多關(guān)于在展館內(nèi)拍照的投訴，對(duì)此博物館管理方作出回應(yīng)，最終實(shí)行了一個(gè)折中的方法，即在展期內(nèi)抽出“自由拍照”時(shí)間。5．Whatwerethecrowdeagertodoinparagraph1?A．ToholdaBible.B．Toadmireflowers.C．Totakeaphoto.D．Toseetheexhibition.C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“Shewasanxioustotakeapictureofabunchofflowersthatsatnot10feetaway,butfirstshehadtogetthroughacrowdofotherspushingtodothesame.”可推知，人們都在忙于拍照。故正確答案為C。6．HowdidthedeYoungrespondtothecomplaints?A．Bysettingperiodswithoutphoto-taking.B．Bymakingtheexhibitionfreeofcharge.C．Bycompromisingwithotherinstitutions.D．Bygivingextratimetotakephotosfreely.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“SothedeYoungrespondedwithakindofcompromise:carvingout‘photofree’hoursduringtheexhibition’ssix-dayrun.”可知，管理方規(guī)定在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)不許拍照。故正確答案為A。7．Whatcanweinferabouttheuseofsocialmediainmuseumsaccordingtotherecentstudy?A．Ituncoversthetruth.B．Itaccumulatesevidence.C．Itcausescomplaints.D．Itplaysanegativerole.D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.”及語(yǔ)境可推知，最近探討表明，在博物館中運(yùn)用社交媒介起到了負(fù)面作用。故正確答案為D。8．WhichofthefollowingmayLindaButlersupport?A．Cateringtovisitors.B．Reducingadmissionprices.C．Reservingjudgementinpublic.D．Banningsocialmediaandphotography.A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)其次句“‘Ifweremovedsocialmediaandphotography，’shesays,‘wewouldriskbecominglesspopular.’”可推知，LindaButler支持迎合游客的做法。故正確答案為A。[長(zhǎng)難句分析]Onecommoncomplaintintheongoingdebatesovertheeffectofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobemissingoutonexperiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.(第三段第一句)分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；because引導(dǎo)緣由狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：在關(guān)于社交媒介對(duì)博物館文化產(chǎn)生的影響的持續(xù)爭(zhēng)辯中，一個(gè)普遍的埋怨是人們好像忽視了這種藝術(shù)體驗(yàn)，因?yàn)樗麄兠τ谑占?他們來(lái)過(guò)的)證據(jù)。CTechnologyoffersconveniencessuchasopeningthegaragedoorfromyourcarorchangingthetelevisionstationwithouttouchingtheTV.NowoneAmericancompanyisofferingitsemployeesanewconvenience:amicrochipimplantedintheirhands.Employeeswhohavethesechipscandoallkindsofthingsjustbywavingtheirhands.ThreeSquareMarketisofferingtoimplantmicrochipsinalloftheiremployeesforfree.Eachchipcosts$300andThreeSquareMarketwillpayforthechip.Employeescanvolunteertohavethechipsimplantedintheirhands.About70outof80employeeshavechosentodoso.Thepresidentofthecompany,hiswifeandtheirchildrenarealsogettingchipsimplantedintheirhands.Thechipisaboutthesizeofagrainofrice.Implantingthechiponlytakesaboutasecondandissaidtohurtonlyverybriefly.Thechipsgoundertheskinbetweenthethumbandforefinger.Withachipinthehand,apersoncanentertheofficebuilding,buyfood,signintocomputersandmore,simplybywavingthathandnearascanner.Thechipswillbealsousedtoidentifyemployees.E