題型四 語法填空

Contents.主題3社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)3主題2人物與故事2主題1歷史與文化1主題4科學(xué)與探索4主題5體育、飲食與健康5主題6自然與環(huán)保6主題1

歷史與文化經(jīng)典3+2Cloze

1話題：北京胡同

詞數(shù)：約195

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：9分鐘

[2023浙江卷1月]During

China's

dynastic

period,

emperors

planned

the

city

of

Beijing

1.

.

arranged

the

residential

areas

according

to

social

classes.

The

term

"hutong",

2.

.

（original）

meaning

"water

well"

in

Mongolian,

appeared

first

during

the

Yuan

Dynasty.

In

the

Ming

Dynasty,

the

center

was

the

Forbidden

City,

3.

.

（surround）

in

concentric（同心的）

circles

by

the

Inner

City

and

Outer

City.

Citizens

of

higher

social

classes

4.

.

（permit）

to

live

closer

to

the

center

of

the

circles.

The

large

siheyuan

of

these

high-ranking

officials

and

wealthy

businessmen

often

5.

.

（feature）

beautifully

carved

and

painted

roof

beams

and

pillars（柱子）.

The

hutongs

they

formed

were

orderly,

lined

by

6.

.

（space）

homes

and

walled

gardens.

Farther

from

the

center

lived

the

commoners

and

laborers.

Their

siheyuan

were

far

smaller

in

scale

and

7.

.

（simple）

in

design

and

decoration,

and

the

hutongs

were

narrower.andoriginallysurroundedwere

permittedfeaturedspacioussimpler

Hutongs

represent

an

important

cultural

element

of

the

city

of

Beijing.

Thanks

to

Beijing's

long

history

8.

.

capital

of

China,

almost

every

hutong

has

its

stories,

and

some

are

even

associated

with

historic

9.

.

（event）.

In

contrast

to

the

court

life

and

upper-class

culture

represented

by

the

Forbidden

City,

the

Summer

Palace,

and

the

Temple

of

Heaven,

the

hutongs

reflect

10.

.

culture

of

grassroots

Beijingers.aseventsthe

本文主要介紹了北京胡同的有關(guān)情況。1._____and【解析】

并列連詞

皇帝們規(guī)劃了北京城并按照社會(huì)階級(jí)安排了人們的居住區(qū)域。根據(jù)語境可知，planned

the

city

of

Beijing和arranged

the

residential

areas是并列關(guān)系，所以空處填and。2.__________originally【解析】

副詞

mean在此處是動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞修飾，所以空處填originally。3.___________surrounded【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞was，故空處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；結(jié)合句意"在明朝，中心就是紫禁城，它被內(nèi)城和外城包圍，形成同心圓的樣貌"可知，surround與the

Forbidden

City構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以空處填surrounded。4.______________were

permitted【解析】

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致

根據(jù)空前的"In

the

Ming

Dynasty"可知，此處描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；較高社會(huì)階層的人"被允許"居住在離同心圓的中心即紫禁城更近的地方，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語Citizens是復(fù)數(shù)。所以空處填were

permitted。5.________featured【解析】

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此作謂語。聯(lián)系上下文可知，該句描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以空處填featured。6._________spacious【解析】

形容詞

空處修飾空后的名詞homes，應(yīng)用形容詞，所以空處填spacious。7.________simpler【解析】

形容詞比較級(jí)

空處與空前的smaller相呼應(yīng)，表示在設(shè)計(jì)和裝飾方面更簡(jiǎn)單，所以空處填simpler。8.___as【解析】

介詞

根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示北京作為中國(guó)的首都，所以空處填as。9._______events【解析】

名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

此處表示幾乎每一條胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有些還和歷史事件有關(guān)。event"事件"，是可數(shù)名詞，其前無冠詞修飾，且根據(jù)句意可知，歷史事件肯定不止一件，所以空處填events。10.____the【解析】

冠詞

此處特指草根北京人的文化，所以空處填the。Cloze

2話題：香港獅子山

詞數(shù)：約185

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：8分鐘

真題變式：城市景點(diǎn)[2024云南質(zhì)檢]The

Lion

Rock

mountain

stands

not

only

as

one

of

the

most

famous

scenic

spots

in

Hong

Kong,

1.

.

has

become

a

spiritual

symbol

representing

the

persistent

efforts

of

ordinary

Hong

Kong

people

2.

.（live）a

better

life.

The

Lion

Rock

spirit

has

also3.

.（deep）touched

those

outside

Hong

Kong,

such

as

Cui

Xiaodong,

4.

.

ink

artist.

"The

mountain

stands

like

a

giant,

symbolizing

the

industrious

and

persistent

spirit

which,

over

the

past

decades,

5.

.

（pull）people

in

Hong

Kong

together

through

hard

times.

It

is

a

recollection

of

the

youth

and

vigor（活力）

of

a

generation

of

people

in

Hong

Kong

6.

.

struggled

to

make

the

city

what

it

is

today,"

he

says.butto

livedeeplyanhas

pulledwho/that

Cui

created

Lion

Rock

in

Hong

Kong,

a

colored

ink

painting.

In

his

painting,

Cui

depicts（描繪）

the

cliffs

of

the

Lion

Rock,

surrounded

by

blooming

trees

and

7.

.（overlook）the

city's

skyscrapers.

Made

in

early

2022,

the

painting

was

8.

.

show

at

"Greater

Bay

Area

in

the

Eyes

of

Artists".

The

9.

.（exhibit）displayed

there

hail（贊揚(yáng)）

the

ecological

diversity

of

the

area

and

also

present

to

the

audience

10.

.（success）reformative

accomplishments

since

1997.overlookingonexhibitssuccessful

本文主要介紹了香港的獅子山和水墨畫藝術(shù)家崔曉東創(chuàng)作的關(guān)于獅子山的畫。真題變式城市景點(diǎn)介紹本語篇介紹了香港獅子山，屬于城市景點(diǎn)介紹，選材與2023年1月浙江卷語法填空（Cloze

1）一致，有助于拓展同學(xué)們的視野。1.____but【解析】

并列連詞

獅子山不僅是香港最著名的景點(diǎn)之一，而且已成為代表普通香港人為過上更美好生活而不懈努力的精神象征。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為"not

only...but（also）..."句型，表示"不僅……而且……"，故填but。2._______to

live【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

參見上題解析。effort常與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，表示"為做某事付出的努力"，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to

live。3._______deeply【解析】

副詞

獅子山精神也深深地打動(dòng)了香港以外的人，比如水墨畫藝術(shù)家崔曉東。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞touched，且此處表示"深深地打動(dòng)"，應(yīng)用副詞deeply，表示"非常，很深地"。故填deeply。4.____an【解析】

冠詞

參見上題解析。此處表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且ink的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。5.__________has

pulled【解析】

時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致

這座山屹立著，像一個(gè)巨人，象征著香港人在過去幾十年里團(tuán)結(jié)一致度過了困難時(shí)期的勤勞和堅(jiān)持不懈的精神?？仗幵趙hich引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語"over

the

past

decades"可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且which指代先行詞spirit在從句中作主語，空處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故填has

pulled。6._________who/that【解析】

定語從句

它是對(duì)一代香港人的青春和活力的回憶，他們努力使這座城市成為今天的樣子?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞people，空處在從句中作主語，故填who/that。7.___________overlooking【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

在他的畫作中，崔曉東描繪了獅子山的懸崖，周圍是繁茂的樹木，俯視著城市的摩天大樓。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞depicts，空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞overlook意為"俯視，俯瞰"，與"cliffs

of

the

Lion

Rock"為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填overlooking。8.____on【解析】

介詞

這幅畫是2022年早些時(shí)候創(chuàng)作的，在"Greater

Bay

Area

in

the

Eyes

of

Artists"展覽中展出。on

show為固定搭配，表示"在展出"，故填on。9.________exhibits【解析】

名詞

展覽中的展品贊揚(yáng)了該地區(qū)的生態(tài)多樣性，并向觀眾展示了自1997年以來成功的改革成就。exhibit"展品，展出物"為可數(shù)名詞，展覽中的展品不止一個(gè)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填exhibits。10.__________successful【解析】

形容詞

參見上題解析?？仗幾鞫ㄕZ，修飾名詞accomplishments，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，故填successful。Cloze

3話題：首屆國(guó)際茶日

詞數(shù)：約210

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：9分鐘

[2022全國(guó)乙卷]May

21st

this

year

marks

the

first

International

Tea

Day,which

was

named

officially

1.

.

the

United

Nations

on

November

27th,2019.To

celebrate

2.

.

festival,a

number

of

events

took

place

at

the

Chinese

Businessman

Museum

in

Beijing

on

Thursday.

The

chairman

of

the

China

Culture

Promotion

Society

3.

.（address）

the

opening

ceremony.

"As

a

main

promoter

of

the

International

Tea

Day,the

birthplace

of

tea

and

the

4.

.

（large）

tea-producing

country,China

has

a

5.

.（responsible）

to

work

with

other

countries

to

promote

the

healthy

development

of

the

tea

industry.

It

can

help

to

build

a

community

with

a

6.

.（share）

future

for

mankind,"

he

said.bytheaddressedlargestresponsibilityshared

The

"First

International

Tea

Day

Tea

Road

Cooperative

Initiative"

issued（發(fā)布）

at

the

ceremony

calls

for

people

working

in

the

tea

industry

to

come

together

to

promote

international

cooperation

7.

.

cultural

exchanges.

A

four-year

tea

promotion

—

Tea

Road

Cooperative

Plan

—

was

also

issued

in

accordance

with

the

initiative.

8.

.（strengthen）

the

connection

with

young

people，

the

event

included

a

number

of

public

promotional

activities

on

social

media,

9.

.（invite）

twenty-nine

tea

professionals

from

around

the

world

to

have

thirty-six

hours

of

uninterrupted

live

broadcasts.

The

Chinese

Ancient

Tea

Museum

was

officially

unveiled（揭幕）

at

the

ceremony,

opening

10.

.（it）

first

exhibition：

The

Avenue

of

Truth

—

A

Special

Exhibition

of

Pu'er

Tea.andTo

strengtheninvitingits

本文主要介紹了周四在北京晉商博物館舉辦的一系列慶祝由聯(lián)合國(guó)設(shè)立的首個(gè)"國(guó)際茶日"的活動(dòng)。1.____by【解析】

介詞

此處從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為was

named

by..."由……命名"。2.____the【解析】

冠詞

此處指上文提到過的

"the

first

International

Tea

Day",故用定冠詞"the"表示特指。3.__________addressed【解析】

謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

根據(jù)上文中的"took

place"可知，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致；address"對(duì)……發(fā)表演說"與主語"chairman"構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填addressed。4._______largest【解析】

形容詞的最高級(jí)

"tea-producing

country"前應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，提示詞為形容詞，且空前有定冠詞"the"，再結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。5._____________responsibility【解析】

名詞

根據(jù)空前的不定冠詞"a"可知，此處填名詞"responsibility"。6._______shared【解析】

形容詞

根據(jù)空前的"a"和空后的名詞"future"可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞，share與future為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式的形容詞shared"共同的"。7._____and【解析】

并列連詞

根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為"促進(jìn)國(guó)際合作與文化交流"，故應(yīng)用and。8._____________To

strengthen【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用不定式表示目的。9.________inviting【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

本句已有謂語動(dòng)詞"included"，提示詞與"the

event"之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故空處用提示詞"invite"的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。10.____its【解析】

代詞

"first

exhibition"前應(yīng)用所給詞的形容詞性物主代詞形式，故填its。Cloze

4

話題：茶葉分類

詞數(shù)：約230

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：10分鐘

真題變式：中國(guó)茶文化[2024四川巴中零診]Tea

is

an

important

part

of

Chinese

traditions.

Chinese

tea

has

enjoyed

a

history

of

more

than

4

000

years.

Green

tea

and

black

tea

are

familiar

1.

.

many

people,

but

there's

more.

The

International

Organization

for

Standardization

（ISO）

2.

.（recent）released

a

document

from

Chinese

experts

classifying

tea

into

six

types.

The

basic

tea

types

are

black

tea,

green

tea,

white

tea,

oolong

tea,

dark

tea

and

yellow

tea,

according

to

the

new

standard

3.

.（establish）by

Anhui

Agricultural

University

in

Hefei,

Anhui

Province.torecentlyestablished

The

standardization

work

was

led

by

Wan

Xiaochun,

professor

and

director

of

the

State

key

laboratory

of

tea

plant

biology

and

utilization

at

the

university.

For

the

new

standard,

Wan4.

.（cooperate）with

31

experts

from

other

countries

since

2008.

Chen

Chuan,

a

pioneer

in

tea

science,

put

forward

the

classification

standard

as

early

as

in

1979.

It

has

been

widely

adopted

5.

.

had

not

become

an

international

standard

until

April,

when

the

document

was

released,

Wan

said

during

6.

.

news

conference.

7.

.（process）fresh

tea

leaves

is

the

most

important

step

of

tea

production.

The

six

tea

types

can

be

further

processed

or

reprocessed

to

create

8.

.（product）such

as

scented

tea（花茶）

and

instant

tea,

the

ISO

document

said.

The

classification

will

allow

consumers,

world

tea

traders

and

governments

9.

.（have）a

clear

understanding

of

the

different

type

of

tea

through

their

advanced

techniques,

which

have

a

significant

10.

.（affect）on

Chinese

tea

industry.has

cooperatedbutaProcessingproductsto

haveeffect

國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ISO）最近發(fā)布了一份中國(guó)專家的文件，將茶葉分為六種，這一分類將使消費(fèi)者、世界茶商和政府通過其先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，對(duì)不同類型的茶有一個(gè)清晰的了解，這對(duì)中國(guó)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)有重大的影響。真題變式中國(guó)茶文化本語篇與2022年全國(guó)乙卷語法填空（Cloze

3）均關(guān)注中國(guó)茶文化，引導(dǎo)同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)優(yōu)秀文化，堅(jiān)定文化自信。1.___to【解析】

介詞

綠茶和紅茶對(duì)很多人來說都很熟悉，但還有更多。be

familiar

to表示"為……所熟悉"，為固定搭配，故填to。2.________recently【解析】

副詞

國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ISO）最近發(fā)布了一份中國(guó)專家的文件，將茶葉分為六種?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞released，根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)用副詞recently"最近"作狀語。故填recently。3.___________established【解析】

過去分詞

根據(jù)安徽省合肥市安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)制定的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，基本的茶葉種類是紅茶、綠茶、白茶、烏龍茶、黑茶和黃茶?？仗帒?yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，修飾名詞standard，動(dòng)詞establish與standard為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，故填established。4.______________has

cooperated【解析】

時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致

為了這個(gè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，自2008年以來，宛教授與來自其他國(guó)家的31位專家共同合作?？仗幵诰渲凶髦^語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語"since

2008"可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語Wan為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，空處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故填has

cooperated。5.____but【解析】

并列連詞

宛教授在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已被廣泛采用，但直到4月該文件發(fā)布后才成為一個(gè)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)句意，空處前后為轉(zhuǎn)折意義，空處應(yīng)用并列連詞but表示"但是"。故填but。6.___a【解析】

冠詞

參見上題解析。此處的"news

conference"在文中第一次出現(xiàn)，且此處表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞。news的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。7.__________Processing【解析】

動(dòng)名詞

加工新鮮茶葉是茶葉生產(chǎn)中最重要的一步。動(dòng)詞process表示"加工，處理"，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語，且空處位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填Processing。8._________products【解析】

名詞

ISO文件稱，這六種茶可以被進(jìn)一步加工或再加工，制成花茶和速溶茶等產(chǎn)品。product"產(chǎn)品"可作可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空后的"such

as

scented

tea（花茶）

and

instant

tea"可知，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填products。9.________to

have【解析】

動(dòng)詞不定式

這一分類將使消費(fèi)者、世界茶商和政府通過其先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，對(duì)不同類型的茶有一個(gè)清晰的了解，這對(duì)中國(guó)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)有重大的影響。allow

sb.

to

do

sth."允許某人做某事"為固定用法，故填to

have。10.______effect【解析】

名詞

參見上題解析。have

an

effect

on"對(duì)……有影響"為固定搭配，動(dòng)詞have后應(yīng)用名詞effect"影響"作賓語。故填effect。Cloze

5話題：北京古建筑與現(xiàn)代建筑的融合

詞數(shù)：約185

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：8分鐘

[2023全國(guó)乙卷]Beijing

is

a

city

bridging

the

ancient

and

the

modern.

From

Buddhist

temples

to

museums,

narrow

hutong

1.

.

royal

palaces,

it

is

home

to

more

than

3,000

years

of

glorious

history

even

down

to

its

layout,

with

the

city

keeping

its

carefully

2.

.（build）

system

of

ring

roads.

But

for

all

its

ancient

buildings,

Beijing

is

also

a

place

3.

.

welcomes

the

fast-paced

development

of

modern

life,

with

21st-century

architectural

4.

.（wonder）

standing

side

by

side

with

historical

buildings

of

the

past.tobuiltthat/whichwonders

It

is

a

distinct

visual

contrast（反差）

that

shouldn't

work,

5.

.

somehow

these

two

very

different

worlds

make

a

good

combination.

6.

.（visit）

several

times

over

the

last

10

years,

I

7.

.（amaze）

by

the

co-existence

of

old

and

new,

and

how

a

city

was

able

to

keep

such

a

rich

heritage（遺產(chǎn)）

while

constantly

growing.

As

a

photographer,

I

have

spent

the

last

two

years

8.

.（record）

everything

I

discovered.

The

9.

.（remark）

development

of

this

city,

which

is

consciously

designed

to

protect

the

past

while

stepping

into

the

modern

world,

10.

.

（mean）

there

is

always

something

new

to

discover

here,

and

I

could

be

photographing

Beijing

for

the

next

50

years.but/yetHaving

visitedwas

amazedrecordingremarkablemeans

北京市在保護(hù)古代文化遺產(chǎn)的同時(shí)發(fā)展城市，為世界各國(guó)樹立了榜樣。1.___to【解析】

介詞

from...to..."從……到……"，是固定用法。文中表示"從寺廟到博物館，從狹窄的胡同到皇家宮殿"。故填to。2._____built【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

system

of

ring

roads與build之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填built。3.__________that/which【解析】

定語從句

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作主語，先行詞為place，故填that/which。4._________wonders【解析】

名詞

wonder在此表示"奇跡，奇觀"，是可數(shù)名詞，其前無限定詞修飾，且根據(jù)空后"standing

side

by

side"可知，建筑奇跡不止一個(gè)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wonders。5._______but/yet【解析】

連詞

前后分句間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but/yet。6.______________Having

visited【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

結(jié)合句意及句中的狀語"several

times

over

the

last

10

years"可知，visit所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生多次，且發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。故填Having

visited。7.____________was

amazed【解析】

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

在過去的10年里，我來過幾次，我驚嘆于新與舊的共存，以及一個(gè)城市如何能夠在不斷發(fā)展的同時(shí)保持如此豐富的遺產(chǎn)。此處講述過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；I和amaze之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was

amazed。8._________recording【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

此處考查"spend

some

time

（in）

doing

something"結(jié)構(gòu)，故填recording。9.___________remarkable【解析】

形容詞

空處在句中作定語，修飾名詞development，應(yīng)用形容詞。故填remarkable"非凡的，卓越的"。10._______means【解析】

時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致

文章的主時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；句子的主語為"The

9._______（remark）

development

of

this

city"，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填

means。Cloze

6話題：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑

詞數(shù)：約170

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：8分鐘

真題變式：中國(guó)建筑[2024山東濟(jì)南摸底考試]China

has

a

unique

and

time-honored

architectural

tradition,

dating

back

to

the

Zhou

Dynasty.

Since

ancient

times,

several

types

of

architecture

have

been

1.

.（traditional）built

by

the

Chinese.

Each

of

these

kinds

of

construction

has

different

features.

The

wooden

architecture

has

distinctive

features

2.

.

changed

little

from

the

Zhou

Dynasty.

The

buildings

3.

.（construct）strong

enough

to

survive

natural

disasters

and

were

easier

to

rebuild.

A

4.

.（notice）feature

of

the

wooden

buildings

was

roofs

with

wide

eaves（屋檐）

and

slightly

upturned

corners.

The

builders

considered

5.

.

important

to

cover

wooden

buildings

with

6.

.（overhang）

roofs.

This

was

to

protect

the

building

from

weathering

since

wood

got

damaged

much

7.

.（fast）when

it

was

wet.traditionallywhich/thatwere

constructednoticeableitoverhangingfaster

Another

feature

is

the

south-facing

orientation（方向）.

When

courtyards

were

built

with

taller

buildings

in

the

north

8.

.

shorter

walls

facing

east

and

west

in

the

south,

it

allowed

the

maximum

amount

of

sunlight

9.

.（warm）the

building

during

the

winter

months.

This

was

10.

.the

door

and

windows

of

the

main

building

faced

southwards

and

opened

over

the

inner

courtyard.andto

warmwhy

本文主要講述了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑的特點(diǎn)。真題變式中國(guó)建筑本語篇介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑的特點(diǎn)，而2023年全國(guó)乙卷語法填空（Cloze

5）的選材與北京古建筑相關(guān)，兩個(gè)語篇選材相似，都引導(dǎo)同學(xué)們關(guān)注中國(guó)建筑，堅(jiān)定文化自信。1.____________traditionally【解析】

副詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，需要用到副詞，所以填traditionally。句意：自古以來，中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)上已經(jīng)建造了幾種建筑。2.__________which/that【解析】

定語從句

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。先行詞為表示物的名詞features，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在從句中作主語，所以空處需要填which/that。3.________________were

constructed【解析】

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語。根據(jù)and后面的并列謂語were可知，此處時(shí)態(tài)也用一般過去時(shí)；主語The

buildings與construct之間形成了被動(dòng)關(guān)系；主語是復(fù)數(shù)。所以空處填were

constructed。句意：這些建筑被建得很堅(jiān)固，足以抵御自然災(zāi)害，同時(shí)也很方便重建。4.__________noticeable【解析】

形容詞

根據(jù)空前的冠詞和空后的名詞可知，空處需要用到形容詞修飾空后的名詞，所以填noticeable。句意：木制建筑的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是屋檐寬闊且拐角略微上翹的屋頂。5.___it【解析】

代詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作形式賓語，指代空后的不定式"to

cover

wooden

buildings

with

6（overhang）

roofs"，所以空處需要填it。6.____________overhanging【解析】

形容詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處和空后的名詞roofs共同作with的賓語，因此，空處需要用到形容詞，結(jié)合句意"建筑商認(rèn)為用懸垂的屋頂覆蓋木質(zhì)建筑是重要的"可知，空處需要填overhanging"懸垂的"。知識(shí)拓展前綴over-與形容詞后綴-ing的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律前綴over-常表示"在上，在外，從上，越過，顛倒，反轉(zhuǎn)"的含義，此前綴構(gòu)成的詞匯還有overfly"飛越"、overleap"超過，跳過"、overlook"俯視"、overthrow"推翻"；overturn"傾倒"等。形容詞后綴-ing常加在動(dòng)詞后，此類詞匯由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞，如encouraging"振奮人心的"、entertaining"有趣的"、fascinating"迷人的"、pressing"迫切的"等。命題動(dòng)向提示詞為派生詞2021年新高考Ⅰ卷語法填空第3題提示詞為派生詞undoubted，本題的提示詞是由前綴over-構(gòu)成的派生詞，兩道題的設(shè)題方式相似，均需要同學(xué)們先借助構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)提示詞詞義，然后再根據(jù)語境和語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行作答，增加了試題的難度，綜合考查同學(xué)們的詞匯外延能力和英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力。7.______faster【解析】

副詞比較級(jí)

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，需要用到副詞；根據(jù)語境"這是為了保護(hù)建筑物不風(fēng)化，因?yàn)楫?dāng)木頭變濕時(shí)它的受損害速度快得多"和空前的much可知，此處需要用到副詞的比較級(jí)，所以填faster。8._____and【解析】

并列連詞

空前的"taller

buildings

in

the

north"和空后的"shorter

walls...the

south"形成了并列，所以空處需要填and。句意：當(dāng)庭院北面建造較高的墻，南面建造較低的東西向墻的時(shí)候，它允許最大數(shù)量的陽光在冬天溫暖建筑。9._________to

warm【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

"allow+賓語+不定式"為固定用法，所以空處填to

warm。10._____why【解析】

表語從句

空處引導(dǎo)表語從句。結(jié)合句意"這就是主樓的門窗朝南，面向內(nèi)院開放的原因"可知，空處需要填why。命題動(dòng)向再現(xiàn)考查表語從句2023年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷語法填空第7題考查why引導(dǎo)的表語從句，本題的考查點(diǎn)與高考試題完全一致，是對(duì)高考試題的再現(xiàn)考查。在解答此題時(shí)，除了需要扎實(shí)掌握基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)外，理解語境是解答本題的關(guān)鍵。Cloze

7話題：中國(guó)圖書文化

詞數(shù)：約230

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：10分鐘

[2024福建福州一檢]Chinese

book

culture

has

a

long

history.

Its

roots

can

be

traced

back

thousands

of

years,

to

the

earliest

known

1.

.（write）

records

in

China.

Over

the

centuries,

books

2.

.（be）

an

essential

part

of

Chinese

culture,playing

a

vital

role

in

preserving

knowledge

and

3.

.（provide）

a

source

of

inspiration

for

generations.

The

first

major

development

in

Chinese

book

culture

was

the

invention

of

movable

type

printing

by

Bi

Sheng

in

the

11th

century.

This

revolutionized

book

production,

making

it

much

4.

.（easy）

to

produce

and

distribute

books.

During

China's

Ming

Dynasty

there

was

a

great

boom

of

books

and

it

5.

.（see）

the

birth

of

one

of

China's

best-known

books,

Journey

to

the

West

by

Wu

Cheng'en,

which

is

still

6.

.（wide）

read

and

studied

today.writtenhave

beenprovidingeasiersawwidely

In

modern

times,

new

genres

such

as

science

fiction

and

fantasies

have

grown

in

7.

.（popular）,

while

electronic

books

are

becoming

increasingly

popular.

The

development

of

book

culture

has

had

a

profound

impact

8.

.

Chinese

society,

with

many

books

becoming

cultural

touchstones

and

inspiring

people

to

think

about

their

lives

and

the

world

around

them.

With

its

rich

history

and

diverse

genres,

Chinese

book

culture

provides

a

window

into

Chinese

society.

From

ancient

classics

to

modern

bestsellers,

Chinese

books

can

open

up

9.

.

new

world

of

ideas

and

knowledge

for

readers

around

the

globe.

As

such,

it

is

an

important

part

of

our

collective

global

culture,

and

one

10.

.

should

be

learned

more

about.popularityon/uponathat

本文介紹了中國(guó)圖書文化。1._______written【解析】

形容詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾空后的名詞records，應(yīng)用形容詞，結(jié)合語境"中國(guó)的圖書文化歷史悠久，它的起源可以追溯到幾千年前中國(guó)已知的最早的書面記錄"可知，空處應(yīng)該填written"書面的，筆頭的"。2.__________have

been【解析】

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作本句的謂語。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語"Over

the

centuries"可知，時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語books是復(fù)數(shù)。所以空處填have

been。3.__________providing【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與前面的preserving并列作介詞in的賓語，所以空處填providing。句意：幾千年以來，書已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)文化的重要組成部分，在保存知識(shí)和為世代中國(guó)人提供靈感來源方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。4.______easier【解析】

形容詞比較級(jí)

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作賓語補(bǔ)足語。根據(jù)空前的much可知，空處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，所以填easier。句意：這徹底改變了圖書的生產(chǎn)，使生產(chǎn)和配送圖書變得容易得多。5._____saw【解析】

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作第二個(gè)并列分句中的謂語。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語"During

China's

Ming

Dynasty"可知，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)；此處形成了無靈主語，see的意思是"見證"，表主動(dòng)。所以空處填saw。句意：在中國(guó)明代，書籍非常繁榮。這一時(shí)期見證了中國(guó)最著名的著作之一《西游記》的誕生，至今這本書仍被廣泛地閱讀和研究。6._______widely【解析】

副詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞widely，表示"普遍地，廣泛地"。7.__________popularity【解析】

名詞

空處跟在介詞in的后面作賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，所以空處填popularity。句意：在現(xiàn)代，科幻小說和幻想作品等新類型日益流行，而電子書也變得越來越受歡迎。8.________on/upon【解析】

介詞

have

an

impact

on/upon"對(duì)……有影響"，是固定表達(dá)，故填on/upon。9.___a【解析】

冠詞

根據(jù)空后的"new

world"可知，空處應(yīng)用冠詞。結(jié)合句意"從古代經(jīng)典到現(xiàn)代暢銷書，中國(guó)書籍可以為全球讀者開啟一個(gè)思想和知識(shí)的新世界"可知，此處表泛指，且new的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以空處填a。10._____that【解析】

定語從句

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為代詞one，該空指代先行詞且在從句中作主語，所以空處填that。句意：嚴(yán)格來說，它（中國(guó)圖書文化）是我們共有的全球文化的重要組成部分，我們應(yīng)該更多地了解這種文化。Cloze

8話題：瑪雅文明

詞數(shù)：約205

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：9分鐘

[2024安徽六校教育研究會(huì)入學(xué)測(cè)試]Deep

in

the

jungle,

the

Maya

built

an

empire.

And

now,

scientists

are

unlocking

more

secrets

about

this

ancient

civilization

with

the

discovery

of

417

cities

1.

.（date）

back

to

2,000

years

ago,

said

The

Washington

Post.

The

cities

2.

.（find）

to

be

connected

by

110

miles

（about

177

kilometers）

of

"highways"

in

May,

which

consisted

of

the

"world's

first-ever

extensive

system

of

highways".

The

"highways",

3.

.

Reuters

reported,

were

spacious

roadways

4.

.（make）

in

stone.

Plus,

scientists

also

found

pyramids,

ball

game

courts

and

water

engineering,

5.

.（include）

dams

and

irrigation

canals.datingwere

foundasmadeincluding

The

Maya

civilization

was

"far

6.

.（advanced）

than

we

thought",

noted

The

Washington

Post.

As

one

of

the

greatest

7.

.（civilization）

of

the

Western

Hemisphere,

the

Maya

first

established

settlements

around

1800

BC.

Their

empire

spanned

parts

of

Mexico

and

several

countries

in

Central

America,

noted

the

website

HISTORY

Channel.

People

long

believed

that

the

Maya

were

still

just

hunter-gatherers.

8.

.

the

new

findings

showed

that

they

were

already

busy

creating

cities

in

world

history

at

the

time.

They

did

all

this

in

a

jungle

environment,

which

is

rare

and

impressive.

They

had

to

clear

rainforest

areas

9.

.（farm）

and

built

large

underground

reservoirs

to

store

rainwater.

However,

by

900

BC,

many

Maya

cities

were

abandoned,

calling

10.

.

end

to

the

empire.more

advancedcivilizationsButto

farman

本文主要講述了隨著417座2

000年前的瑪雅城市被發(fā)現(xiàn)，更多的關(guān)于瑪雅文明的秘密正在被揭示出來。1._______dating【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的謂語動(dòng)詞是are

unlocking，空處在句中作非謂語動(dòng)詞。date

back

to意為"追溯到"，無被動(dòng)形式，所以空處填dating。句意：據(jù)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，現(xiàn)在，隨著2

000年前的417座城市的發(fā)現(xiàn)，科學(xué)家們正在揭開關(guān)于這個(gè)古老文明的更多秘密。2.___________were

found【解析】

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作本句的謂語。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in

May可知，此處時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)；主語The

cities與find是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)。所以空處填were

found。3.___as【解析】

定語從句

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，且從句意為"正如路透社所報(bào)道的那樣"，所以空處填as。句意：據(jù)路透社報(bào)道，"公路"是寬敞的石頭路。命題動(dòng)向定語從句新考法本題考查as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這在新高考全國(guó)卷的語法填空中還未考查過，豐富了命題內(nèi)容。同學(xué)們?cè)谌粘淇贾袘?yīng)全面、深入地研究英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)。4.______made【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞roadways，且make與roadways是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以空處填made。5._________including【解析】

介詞

根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，空前的water

engineering與空后的dams、

irrigation

canals是包含關(guān)系，所以空處填介詞including。句意：此外，科學(xué)家們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了金字塔、球場(chǎng)和水利工程，包括水壩和灌溉渠。6.______________more

advanced【解析】

形容詞比較級(jí)

根據(jù)空后的than可知，空處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，所以填more

advanced。7.____________civilizations【解析】

名詞復(fù)數(shù)

此處考查固定表達(dá)"one

of

the+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"，意為"最……的……之一"，所以空處填civilizations。句意：作為西半球最偉大的文明之一，瑪雅人大約在公元前1800年首次建立了定居點(diǎn)。8._____But【解析】

連詞

根據(jù)句意"人們長(zhǎng)期以來一直認(rèn)為瑪雅人仍然只是狩獵采集者。然而，新發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示，他們當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)忙于在世界歷史上創(chuàng)建城市了"可知，前后句之間形成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填But，注意首字母大寫。9.________to

farm【解析】

非謂語動(dòng)詞

根據(jù)句意"他們必須清理熱帶雨林地區(qū)來耕種并建造大型地下水庫(kù)來儲(chǔ)存雨水"可知，空處構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作目的狀語，所以空處填to

farm。10.____an【解析】

冠詞

此處考查固定表達(dá)call

an

end

to..."宣布某事物的結(jié)束或終止"。故填an。句意：然而，到了公元前900年，許多瑪雅城市被遺棄，這就宣告了該帝國(guó)的終結(jié)。創(chuàng)新1+1Cloze

9話題：中醫(yī)

詞數(shù)：約210

難度：中

建議用時(shí)：9分鐘

新角度：人稱代詞[2024天星原創(chuàng)]Like

most

aspects

of

traditional

Chinese

culture,

traditional

Chinese

medicine,

also

called

TCM,

has

a

long

history.

It

is

said

to

have1.

.（origin）

been

invented

by

the

legendary

Emperor

Shennong.

There

is

evidence

of

traditional

Chinese

medical

practices

2.

.（appear）

during

the

Shang

Dynasty.

TCM

is

3.

.

catch-a