新教材高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit1閱讀題組-練速度（含解析）外研版

Unitl閱讀題組一一練速度

(35mins)

I.閱讀

A

OnAug.13,fourChineseirrigation(灌溉)siteswonglobalrecognitionandwere

addedtothe2018listofHeritageIrrigationStructures.Let*slookatthoseamazing

sites.

Dujiangyan

Dujiangyanistheoldestandonlysurvivingdam-lessirrigationsysteminthe

world.Morethan2,000yearsago,Chengduwasthreatenedbyfrequentfloodingfromthe

MinjiangRiver.LiBing,alocalofficial,studiedthesituationanddesignedthe

Dujiangyanirrigationsystem,whichcouldcontrolthewaterflowfromthemountainsto

theChengduPlainthroughouttheyear.

TheDujiangyanirrigationsystemhascreatedharmonybetweenman,earthand

water.Itisthelastremainingecologicalprojectofitskind.

ChangquCanal

ChangquCanalisinthecityofXiangyanginHubeiProvince.Itis48kmlongand

wasoriginallyusedtotransportsoldiers.Itwaslaterusedforirrigation-in

fact,itisstillusedtoprovidewatertomorethan20squarekmoffarmland.

“Therecognitionofirrigationheritageisintendedtohelpusbetteruse

ancientirrigationprojectsthataresti11functioningandpreserveourprecious

historicalandculturalheritage,wsaysanoticeontheofficialwebsiteofthe

Hubeiprovincialgovernment.

LingquCanal

LingquCanalislocatedinXing'ancounty,nearGui1in,GuangxiProvince.Asthe

oldestcanalintheworld,ithasbeendescribedasuanotherwonderofthe

world”.Thedesignofthecanalisunique."Itmagicallyshowstheeaseof

transportationalongthenorthandsouthwaterways,accordingtothe

TraveIChinaGuide.

Jiang-XiDam

TheJiang-XiDaminZhejiangProvinceactual1yconsistsoftwodams—theJiang

andXidams.Builtinthe14thcentury,itimprovedthe1ifeforlocalpeoplefor

centuries."Itnotonlyplaysanimportantroleinirrigation,butalsorespondsto

environmentalgovernance,“saidDingKunlun,vicechairmanofInternational

CommissiononIrrigationendDrainage.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutDujiangyan?

A.Ilhasnodamandhasexistedforover2,000years.

B.LiBingwastaskedtodesignitasalocalofficial.

C.11couldcontroltheMinjiangRivermostofthetimeinayear.

D.AfteritwasbuiltChengduwasneverthreatenedbyfloods.

2.WhatwastheuseofChangquCanalatfirst?

A.Militarypurpose.

B.Watersupply.

C.Farmlandirrigation.

D.Theeaseoftransportation.

3.Whichofthefollowinghasaninfluenceontheecologicalenvironmentaccordingto

thepassage?

A.DujiangyanandChangquCanal.

B.DujiangyanandJiang-XiDam.

C.ChangquCanalandJiang-XiDam.

D.DujiangyanandLingquCcnal.

B

ParkerStewart,a16-year-oldstudentfromSayreSchoolin/Xmerica,decidedlast

yearthathewantedtostudytheenvironmentbyhimse1ftohaveabroadinfluenceon

thecommunity.

Inordertoreducethecarbonfootprint,Stewartplannedtoproduceenoughsolar

energytopowertheschool*ssciencelabs.Nowhisplanissettohappen.Tofix30

solarpanels（太陽(yáng)能電池板）isscheduledforlateNovember.

Ashebeganhisresearchonsolarenergy,hediscoveredausefulphoneapp.By

enteringanaddress,hecouldfindouthowmuchsunlightthelocationreceiveseach

day.Basedonhowmuchsunlightitreceives,hefoundthathisschoolbuildingwasthe

bestlocation.Atthesuggestionofhisscienceteacher,DebbieWheeler,hefirst

performedanenergycalculationofthesciencelabtoseehowmuchenergyatypical

labusesperday.Then,hestartedhisresearch,contactingalocalcompanyofsolar

peinels,SynergyHome,todothejob.Helackedmoneyforstartingtheproject,sohe

convincedSayre'sheadtosupporthimafterexplainingthebenefitsofsolarpower

fortheschoolandcommunity.

SinceSayreprovidedtheinitialseedmoneytoprovideinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）

andthepurchaseofonepanel,theprojecthasgrowntoincludeatotalof30

panels.Theyareexpectedtoproduceenoughenergytorunal1thesciencelabson

Ccimpus.

“ItfeelslikeadrecmtothinkthatanideaIhadfrommyAPEnvironmental

classwouldhavethiskindofinfluence,saidStewart,expressinggratitudefor

Wheeler*shelp.WheelersaidthesuccessoftheprojectwasduetoStewart'sefforts

andwillingnesstofollowthroughontheprojectfromstarttofinish.'Tvehad

Beneaththemask,hesmi1es.Daysbeforeheandhisstudents,wearingcaveman

masks,rappedthemandplacedcoloredplasticbandsontheirlegs.Thentheyreleased

theunhappybirds.Whentheresearcherswanderedaroundcampuswithoutthemasks,the

crowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidnotreacttothem.Butwhenthesamehumans

walkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir

enemies.

Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreactedaggressivelytothepeopleinmasks.Butin

latertestsmoreandmorecrowsjoinedin,andevenwhenthebandedbirdswerenot

around.°Crowsthinkanddream,fightandplay,reasonandtakerisks,“he

says.**Theiranticsconfuseus.”

Thisledhimtostudyhowcrows*brainswork.Heandhisstudentsworeonetype

ofmaskastheycapturedcrowsandbroughtthemintothelab,trainingthemto1ink

thatfacewithdanger.ThenadifTerentkindofmaskformorepositiveactivities,such

asfeedingandcaring.Thenheworkedwithscientistsattheuniversitywhoscan

animalbrainstoseewhichpartsofacrow'sbraindocertaintasks.Surprisingly,the

scientistsfoundthatwhenthecrowsawthe“danger”mask,onepartofitsbrain

becameactive.Whenthecrowsawtheafeedingandcaring”mask,adifferentpartof

itsbrainlitup.Theteamhasshownthatcrowsusethesamepartsoftheirbrainsfor

recognizingwhathumansdo一somethingthatwasnotknownbefore!

Morethan10yearsafterthefirstmaskexperiment,campuscrowsstillscoldthe

“cavemen”.Ci'owsalsorecognizepeoplewhoarekindtothem.Crowsarealways

watchingusandtheyremember.

8.WhydoesDr.JohnMarzluffsmile?

A.Heintendstoshowhiskindness.

B.Herealizeshistrickhasworked.

C.Heisamusedbythehappycrows.

D.Heisembarrassedatthecrows'response.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antics“inthethirdparagraphprobablyreferto?

A.Waysofbehaving.

B.Huntingtypes.

C.Flyingmodels.

D.Chancesofsurvival.

10.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethecrowsaccordingtothetext?

A.Sociable,intel1igentandobservant.

B.Noisy,dangerousandannoying.

C.Reasonable,cautiousandaggressive.

D.Strong-headed,proudandpopular.

11.Whatcanweconcludeaboutcrowsfromthefourthparagraph?

A.Theysharethesamewisdomashumansdo.

B.Theyneverforgivethosewhooncehurtthem.

C.Theyonlyrecognizethepeoplewhoarebadtothem.

D.Theyperformtaskswithdifferentpartsoftheirbrains.

D

Plasticbabybottlesreleasedmicroplasticswhenheated.Shouldyoubeworried

eiboutitsside-effects?Westilldon,thaveenoughevidenceofhealthrisksposedby

microplasticconsumptionsbyinfantsoradults.

“Thelastthingwewanttodoisundulvalarmingparents,“saidJohnBoland,a

professoratTrinityCollegeDublininIrelandandoneoftheauthorsofthe

NatureFoodstw^y.Whilethehealtheffectsofmicroplasticsarestillunknown,parents

cansignificantlyreducetheirinfants'exposurebyaddingsomestepstotheir

bottlepreparationroutine,Bolandsaid.Herecommendedlettingplasticbottlescool

completelyaftersterilizetion（消毒）inhotwater,thenwashingthemoutatleast

threetimeswithwaterIhal'sbeenallowedtocooltoroomtemperatureafterbeing

sterilizedbyboiling.Researchersherealsofoundthatplasticteakettles,plastic

instantnoodlecupsandplasticfoodstoragecontainersal1releasedsimilarlyhigh

levelsofmicroplasticswhensubjectedtoheat.

Asforwhatthosemicroplasticsmaybedoinginourbodies,theevidencesofaris

quite1imitedandunclear.Schwabl,anotherprofessor,pointedtoaneedformore

researchintomicroplasticsreleasedfromplasticfoodstoragecontainers,especially

whentheyaresubjectedtohighertemperatures.Henotedsomeresearchhasfound

microplasticscancauseinflammation（發(fā)炎）intheorgans,whileotherstudiesshow

theydonotharm."Thethresholdatwhichtheycauseproblemshasnotbeendetermined

forhumans,“Schwab1said.Fornow,Schwab1agreesweshouldn,tpanic.He'savoiding

plasticcontainersinhisdailylife一"notsomuchthatIamafraidofthe

ingestion,butIthinktherebyImaybecontributingtoreducingtheamountofplastic

waste“thatmakesitswayintotheenvironment.

Atthemoment,thereisnoneedtobeafraid,butitisanopenquestionand

definitelyanunmetneed.

12.Whichfactorcountsinthereleaseofmicroplastics?

A.Temperature.B.Products.

C.Time.D.Containers.

13.WhichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedpartinParagraph2?

A.Properly.B.Extremely.

C.Obviously.D.Specially.

14.What*sSchwabl'sattitudetowardsmicroplastics?

A.Panic.B.Concerned.

C.Indifferent.D.Critical.

15.Howisthepassagedeveloped?

A.Byprovidingtheexamples.

B.Byreasoningthereaders.

C.Bycinalyzingthefigures.

D.Bycomparingthefindings.

I[.七選五

It'simportanttodevelopstrongstudyskillsinhighschoolsothatyoucanbe

preparedforanycontinuingeducationortrainingafteryougraduate.1By

repeatingthem,youwillcreateanewstudyhabitandthatwi11resultinimproved

learningandgrades.

2Updateitasthetermgoeson.Makesureyouhaveallthematerialswithyou

thatyoumightneed.

Developacalmattitude.3Nobodylearnsanythingstraightaway.

Setupsmallrewardsforreachinggoeils.Rememberthatittakestimetodevelopa

newhabit,sosetsmallachievablestudygoalsandrewardyourselfforreachingthem._

4

Reviewtheinformationyou'velearned.Bycreatingrepetition,youstrengthenthe

memoryofwhatyou'restudying.Takefrequentbreaksduringyourstudytime.Short

burstsofstudyingareproventobemoreeffectivethanhoursofcramming.Getupand

stretch,clearyourmindandrelaxyourmusclesbeforereturningtothebooks.

Usethinkingskillseffectively.5Ifyou,renotagoodthinker,startnowby

developinghabitsthatmakeyouaskyourselfquestionsasyouread.Talktoother

studentswhoyoufeelaregoodthinkers.Askthemwhatitisthattheydowhenthey

thinkcriticallyorcreatively.Oftentimes,youcanpickupvaluableinsightstohelp

youbecomeabetterthinker.

A.Becalmandpatientwithyourself.

B.Forthatrepeatthefollowingstudyhabitsdaily.

C.Obviously,agoodhabitbenefitsyoual11ifelong.

D.Thishelpskeepyoumotivatedandfeelingpositive.

E.Atthebeginningofaterm,prepareaTermCalendar.

F.Goodthinkersseeonlydeadendswhereothersseepossibi1ities.

G.Goodthinkersseepossibi1itieswhereothersseeonlydeadends.

答案:

I.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)古代的四個(gè)灌溉工程獲得了世界的認(rèn)可，并入選

2018年世界灌溉工程遺產(chǎn)名錄。這四個(gè)水利工程分別是四川成都的都江堰、湖北襄陽(yáng)的長(zhǎng)渠（白起

渠）、廣西桂林興安縣的靈渠、浙江龍游的姜席堰。

1.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)〃〃力〃部分“Dujiangyanislheoldeslandonlysurvivingdam-

IessirrigationsystemintheworId.Morethan2,OOOyearsago,Chengduwasthreatenedbyfrequentfl

oodingfronitheMinjiangRiver.LiBing,alocalofTicial,studiedthesituationanddesignediheDuj

iangyanirrigationsystemM中的udam-lessirrigationsystemM和“Morethan2,OOOyearsago”

可知，都江堰沒(méi)有水壩，已經(jīng)存在/2000多年。

2.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)。a/部分

11is48kmlongandwasoriginal1yusedtotransportsoldiers.n可知，ChangquCanal最初是用來(lái)運(yùn)

送士兵的，因此是用于軍事目的。

3.B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Dujiangyan部分

**TheDujiangyeinirrigationsystemhascreatedharmonybetweenman,earthandwater.Itisthelastr

emainingecologicalprojectofitskind.>fnJiang-XiDam^^

Itnotonlyplaysanimportantroleinirrigation,butalsorespondstoenvironmentaigovernance”

可知,Dujiangyan和Jiang-XiDam兩個(gè)水利工程對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的和諧發(fā)展有影響。

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。美國(guó)Sayre學(xué)校16歲的學(xué)生ParkerStewart為了減少碳足跡，在

學(xué)校的資助下聯(lián)系太陽(yáng)能電池板公司SynergyHome安裝太陽(yáng)能電池板,給學(xué)校的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室供電。

4.B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知,通過(guò)該手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，他可以知道某個(gè)地方每

天接收多少陽(yáng)光;根據(jù)接收到的日照量，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的學(xué)校大樓是接收太陽(yáng)能的最佳位置。據(jù)此可知，

通過(guò)手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，他為太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目找到了完美的場(chǎng)地。

5.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的

“SinceSayreprovidedtheinitialseedmoneytoprovideinTrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)

施）andthepurchaseofonepanel”可知，Stewart的學(xué)校為該項(xiàng)H提供了啟動(dòng)資金。

6.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，老師認(rèn)為該項(xiàng)目的成功歸功于Stewart的努力和

愿意將項(xiàng)FI從頭到尾貫徹到底的毅力。結(jié)合上文，從Slewarl確定該項(xiàng)目后開(kāi)始選址到聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)仄?/p>

業(yè)和說(shuō)服校方可以判斷,Stewart是一個(gè)有決心的人。

7.C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第二段為全文的主題段;全文圍繞這一主題,講述了16

歲的學(xué)生Stewart為減少碳足跡,利用太陽(yáng)能為學(xué)校的實(shí)驗(yàn)室供電。

【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了華盛頓大學(xué)的JohnMarzluff博士通過(guò)面具實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)

烏鴉時(shí)隔多年之后仍能識(shí)別自己的敵人和朋友。

8.B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段的內(nèi)容可知,JohnMarzluff博士和他的學(xué)生之前戴著

野人面具敲打過(guò)烏鴉,試圖檢測(cè)烏鴉是否能記得他們，當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)同一批烏鴉襲擊他時(shí),他認(rèn)為自己的

實(shí)驗(yàn)成功了，于是笑了。

9.A解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段尾句、第二段尾句和第三段前兩句可知，畫(huà)線詞指的就是前面

描述的烏鴉的行為，故A項(xiàng)“行為方式”與畫(huà)線詞的意思最為接近。

10.A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的

uButwhenthesamehumanswalked...divedattheir'enemies'”和最后一段中的

Crowsalsorecognizepeop1ewhoarekindtothem??J,烏鴉很聰明也善于觀察；再根據(jù)第三段中

的“Atfirst,onlythebandedbirds...moreandmorecrowsjoinedin”可知,烏鴉是群體性的動(dòng)物,社

交性較強(qiáng)。

11.D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的

wthescientistsfoundthat...adifferentpartofitsbrainlitup可知，烏鴉在面對(duì)不同任務(wù)時(shí),

大腦的不同區(qū)域在起作用。

【破解長(zhǎng)難句】Thenheworkedwithscientistsattheuniversitywhoscananimalbrains

toseewh