北京市海淀區(qū)2024-2025學年高三上學期期末英語試題

海淀區(qū)2024—2025學年第一學期期末練習高三英語本試卷共8頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Lastweekend,ItookRio,myenergetic3yearoldgrandsonwhocouldn’tsitstillforamoment,totheparksohecouldrunaroundandseetheduckpond.Mygoalwastogethimoutsideforawhile,lethim___1___someenergy,andteachhimabouttheducks.Buthehadnogoals.Threeyearoldsdon’tneedgoals.ThatwasthefirstofseverallessonsIlearnedthatday.Ihadexpectedtobetheteacher,butIhadit___2___.Mygrandsonhelpedmerememberthingswe’rebornknowingbutforgetintheprocessofbeinganadult.Riohadasenseof___3___.Assoonaswewalkedintothepark,helookedupatthesky.Itwasacoldday,withpillowycloudsdriftingacrossthesky,andhefound___4___inwatchingthem.I’dforgottenhowmagicalcloudscouldbe.Hisexplorationwasendless.Hewasalwaysonthesearchforsticks.Heknewthatastickcouldbeusedformanythings.Hescrapedthegroundwiththem,rappedadrumbeatwiththemontreesandbenches,and___5___themintheairlikeaflag.Noneedfortoysorelectronicdevices,unlikeathome.Juststicks.Therewereafewkidsplayingintheparkwithaparentandpeoplewalkingdogs.Riosaidhitoeveryoneandstuckouthishandforahighfivewithafew4to5yearolds.Hetriedto___6___conversationswithenthusiasm.Itwasclearhedidn’tcarewhatpeoplelookedlike,howoldtheywere,orwhethertheysaidhellofirst.No___7___.Justasinceredesireto___8___.MybiggestrevelationfromourhourintheparkwasthatRiowasfully___9___nomatterwhathewasdoing.Heneveraskedwhattimeitwas,whenwewereleaving,orwhatweweregoingtodonext.Hewas,everysecondwewerethere,pletelyandabsolutelyinthe____10____.IwishIcouldbe.Don’tweall?1.A.burn B.feel C.waste D.produce2.A.together B.here C.out D.backwards3.A.direction B.wonder C.security D.purpose4.A.joy B.hope C.difference D.relief5.A.broke B.threw C.waved D.kicked6.A.writedown B.strikeup C.reflecton D.lookinto7.A.envy B.guilt C.judgment D.amazement8.A.show B.improve C.explain D.connect9.A.aware B.prepared C.present D.informed10.A.way B.lead C.balance D.moment第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。ThelargestdesertinChina,theTaklamakanDesert,isnowpletelyencircledbyagreenbelt____11____(stretch)3,046km.ThisispartofChina’sThreeNorthShelterBeltForestProgramtoaddressdesertificationandrestoreecologicalbalance.Sincethelaunchoftheprogram____12____1978,China____13____(expand)itsafforestationareaby32millionhectares(公頃).TheprojectfullydemonstratesChina’s____14____(innovate)approachtoecologicalconstructionandoffersvaluableexperienceforglobaleffortsinfightingdesertification.B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。Today’sparentsfacesomethingdifferentandmoredemanding.Theyareexpectedtospendevermoretimeandmoneyeducatingandenrichingtheirchildren.Thesepressures,researcherssay,____15____(drive)inpartbyfearsthatifparentsdonotequiptheirchildrenwitheverypossibleadvantage,theirchildrencouldfailtoachieveasecurelife.Thisparentingstyleinvolvespainstakinglyandmethodicallycultivatingchildren’stalents,academicsandfuturesthrougheveryday____16____(activity).Butwemayhavegotintoasituation,someexpertssuggest,____17____intensiveparentinghasbeetoointenseforparents.C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。Weallhavebeeninthissituation:Atameeting,everyoneelseagreesonasolution,andyouaretheonlyonestillopposingit,oratleastdoubting____18____itwillwork.Employeesoftenfacethisdilemma,referredtoas“conformitybias(從眾偏差)”—individualsfeel____19____(stress)togoalongwiththedecisionofthemajority,evenifitseemswrong.____20____(avoid)thisbias,leadersshouldensurethateveryoneatthetablehasavoiceandthatalloptionsareconsideredinordertoworktowardabettersolution.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ATakepartinourawardwinningsummerSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Math)teenacademicprograms.Allcoursesareconductedonline.Currentcourseofferingsinclude:BiotechResearch:pleteanawardwinning,petitiveadmissionsprogramthisyear.You’llthankyourselfwhenyouhaveonemoreprestigiouscredentialtoaddtoyourcollegeapplications.Weprovidestudentswithstateoftheartlabequipmentandmaterialstouseathome—allshippedtoyourdoorstep.ThetimeisNOWtoapply.Biomedical&SurgicalResearch:TheBiomedicalandSurgicalResearchprogrambringsanatomy(解剖)tolifethroughdiscussionandpracticeofsurgicalprocedures.Fromcasestudiesandlecturestomocksurgicalprocedures,studentsspendthreeweekslearningwhatittakestobeasurgeon.PolymerChemistry:MaterialsScienceisanewexcitingfieldthatincludespolymerchemistryandplasticsengineeringofmaterialstosynthesize(合成)andtocreatecustomorbrandnewmaterialswithspecificproductsforspecificuses.Receivematerialsrighttoyourhometocreateyourownpolymers!IntrotoRobotics:Areyoualwaystakingthingsapart,seeinghowtheyworkandthenputtingthembacktogetheragain?Areyoucurioushowrobotsandothermachineswork?Fromvoiceactivated,digitalpersonalassistantslikeAlexaandSiritooureverydaykitchenappliances,theworldofroboticsisadvancingandrobotsarebeinganintegralpartofoureverydaylife.Thefutureisnowandthefieldofroboticsisbooming!Forensics(法醫(yī)學):Domysteriesexciteyou?DoyoudiveintocrimesceneshowssuchasCriminalMindsandLaw&Order?Doyouwanttogobehindthescenestolearnwhathappensduringacrimeinvestigationortrial?Thisremoteprogramisdesignedforstudentsallovertheworldinterestedinthescientificapproachtocrimescenes.Thisprogramwillintroducetheprinciplesofforensicscienceandwillprovidetheopportunitytoexplorelabtechniques,fingerprintmethodsandmorethroughtheVRtechniques!Clickheretoseesessiondatesandcosts.21.Whichcoursesoffertoshipmaterials?A.PolymerChemistryandForensics. B.IntrotoRoboticsandBiotechResearch.C.BiotechResearchandPolymerChemistry. D.ForensicsandBiomedical&SurgicalResearch.22.StudentswhochooseForensicscan______.A.watchTVserieswithVRequipment B.studycriminalmindsonthesceneC.drafttheprinciplesofforensicscience D.experiencecrimeinvestigationvirtually23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromotesummeracademicprograms. B.Toparedifferentonlineprograms.C.Tointroducethecontentoftheprograms. D.Toexplainthebenefitsoftheprograms.BOnabriskOctobermorning,with20poundsofgearonmyback,Ihikedupasteep,rockytrail.Witheachstep,Ifeltmythroattighterandmylungsheave.Thiswasanexperiment.Growingup,myfamily’sannual“hikes”oftenleftmeweepingwithexhaustionafteronly2miles.Decadeslater,Iwondered,attheripeageof26,couldIlearntolovetheoutdoors?Idecidedtostartinthedeependwiththishiking.Preparedwithweeksofexercise,Ijoinedmygroupatthetrailheadnearthecityborder.Anhouraftersettingoff,Ifellbehind,notsureifIcouldmakeit.Frank,myhikingpanion,sloweddowntoacpanyme.“Lookatthesky,thetrees!”heexclaimed.WheezingIstoppedtocranemyneck.Natureinallitsmagnificencechosetoshowoff.Thewindwhistled,rustlingtheyellowcanopyoverhead.Continuingon,Imadeapointtostopandlookaroundeveryfewminutes.Threehourslater,wereachedourcampsite,avastgrassyarea.Frankguidedmethroughputtingupmytent,asmallvictoryafterachallengingmorning.Wethensoughtouronlywatersource,SunfishPond.Muchtomyannoyance,Irepeatedlylostmyfootingandreturnedtocampaftercountlessfalls.Atcamp,Ibuiltafireusingonlyflint(火石)sticks.Mycheapsleepingpadkeptlosingair,andmysleepingbagdidlittletokeepthecoldairout.Around2a.m.Itearedupinfrustrationandlaysleepless.However,emergingfrommytentintothemistymorning,Ifeltmymoodlifted.Autumnseemedtohavekickedinovernightandtheleavesglowed.Iateabreakfastofinstantnoodlesandthenjoinedtheothers,sharingintimatethoughtsIusuallykepthidden.Backatthetrailheadwherewestarted,myfriendaskedwhatweweregratefulfor.IpipedupaboutthevulnerableandfunnyconversationsI’denjoyedwithfellowhikers—andthespacetoreflect.TheforestanditstemporarydwellershadconvincedmeIwascapableofmuchmorethanIthoughtpossible.Didtheexperimentwork?Memoriesofthatsleepless,freezingnightmightgivemepausebeforeIcrawlintoatentagain.Butthatdoesn’tmeanI’mawayfromthewoodspletely.IreturnedtoNewYorksmellyandsore,butwhenIsteppedoffthebusintothecity’shustleandbustle,Ialsofeltanunexpectedcalm.24.Whydidtheauthordecidetogoonahikingtrip?A.Toimprovehisphysicalhealth. B.Toescapefromthefastpacedcitylife.C.Toexplorehispotentialfortheoutdoors. D.Torevisitachildhoodpassionforhiking.25.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’semotionaljourney?①amazed②doubtful③annoyed④peaceful⑤upliftedA.③②⑤①④ B.②①③⑤④ C.②③①④⑤ D.③④②①⑤26.Whathastheauthorlearnedfromtheexperience?A.Successliesinselfacceptance. B.Wildernesshealsabrokenheart.C.Smallsetbacksleadtogreatachievements. D.Naturegivesmorethanexpected.CAsglobaltemperaturescontinuetoriseduetohumaninducedclimatechange,preciseputerizedclimatemodelswillbecrucialinsheddinglightonhowourclimatewillevolveintheingyears.AstudypublishedinJournalofGeophysicalResearch:AtmospheresbyChloeClarkandherteamfromUCIrvinehighlightsasignificantissuewithamonlyusedclimatemodelknownastheEnergyExascaleEarthSystemModel(E3SM).TheresearchrevealsthatthismodelcurrentlyoverestimatesakeyphysicalpropertyofEarth’sclimatesystemcalledalbedo,whichisthedegreetowhichicereflectsplanetwarmingsunlightintospace.Albedoisameasureofthereflectivityofasurface,expressedasthefractionofiningsolarradiationthatisreflectedbythatsurfacebackintospace.ItisacriticalfactorindeterminingEarth’sclimateandenergybalance.Surfaceswithhighalbedo,suchassnowandice,reflectalargeportionofsolarenergy,whereasdarkersurfaceslikeforestsoroceansabsorbmoresolarenergy.“Wefoundthatwitholdmodelversions,theiceistooreflectivebyaboutfivepercent,”saidChloeClarke,“Icereflectivitywasmuchtoohigh.”Theamountofsunlighttheplanetreceivesandreflectsisimportantforestimatinghowmuchtheplanetwillwarmintheingyears.PreviousversionsofE3SMoverestimatedalbedobecausetheyfailedtoaccountformicrophysicalpropertiesoficeinawarmingworld.Thesepropertiesincludetheeffectsthingslikealgae(藻類)anddusthaveonalbedo.Darkcoloredalgaeanddustcanmakesnowandicelessreflectiveandlessabletoreflectsunlight.Todotheanalysis,ClarkeandherteamstudiedsatellitedatatotrackthealbedooftheGreenlandIceSheet.TheyfoundE3SMoverestimatesthereflectivityoftheicesheet,meaningthemodelestimateslessmeltthanwhatwouldbeexpectedfromtheicemicrophysicalproperties.Butwiththenewicereflectivityincorporatedintothemodel,theydiscoveredtheGreenlandIceSheetismeltingatarateofaboutsixgigatonsmorethaninoldermodelversions.Thisisbasedonalbedomeasurementsthataremoreconsistentwithsatelliteobservations.Clarkehopesherteam’sstudystressestheimportanceoftheseeminglyminusculepropertiesthatcanhavefarreachingconsequencesfortheoverallclimate.“Ithinkourworkisgoingtohelpmodelsdoamuchbetterjobofhelpinguscapturesnowandicerelatedclimatefeedbacks,”shesaid.Next,Clarkewantstostudydifferenticypartsoftheplanettocalculatehowwidespreadthealbedodiscrepancy(差異)isinE3SM.“OurnextstepsaretogetitsothemodelisfunctionalgloballyandnotjustvalidoverGreenland,”saidClarke,whoalsointendstoparethenewGreenlandIceSheetmeltratestoobservationstomeasurehowmuchmoreaccuratethenewicealbedois.“ItwouldbeusefultoapplyittoglaciersinplacesliketheAndesandAlaska.”27.Accordingtothepassage,albedo______.A.changeswiththelightnessofsurfacesB.matchesupwiththeshapeoftheiceorsnowC.isameasureofthesolarenergyarrivingatthesurfaceD.varieswiththedirectionoftheiningsolarradiation28.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?AThenewmodelismorereliablethansatelliteobservations.B.ThepreviousmodelversionsoverestimateGreenlandmelt.C.Modeladaptationimprovestheaccuracyofclimatepredictions.D.Scientistshaveusedthemodelgloballytoreducethediscrepancy.29Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule”inParagraph7probablymean?A.Tiny. B.Invisible. C.Plain. D.Stable.30.Thelastparagraphiswrittento______.A.notethelimitationsofthefinding B.pointoutfurtherresearchdirectionsC.illustratethebenefitsofanewapproach D.sumupthechangesmadeinE3SMDCrucialsystemsacrosstheworldcollapsedonFriday,triggeredbyonemistakeinasinglepany.ThepowercutofCrowdStrike,agiantinthecybersecurityindustry,hitbanks,airlines,andhealthcaresystems.Itmayendupbeingtheworstinformationtechnologydisasterinhistory.Thiswasnot,however,anunforeseeablefreakaccident,norwillitbethelastofitskind.Instead,thedevastationwastheinevitableouteofmodernsocialsystemsthathavebeendesignedforhyperconnectedoptimization(優(yōu)化),notdecentralizedresilience.Thereisoftenatradeoffbetweenmaximumoptimizationandresilience.Considerabasicprehistoricalsocialsysteminwhichmanyhumanslivedinsmall,isolatedbands.Whatanysinglepersondidwouldhavelittletonoeffectonthoselivingelsewhere.Itwasaninefficient,basicsystem—butifonepartofthehumansystemfailed,fewotherswereaffected.Throughoutouradvancementasaspecies,frombuildingempirestobuildingmachines,socialsystemshaveevolvedtobemoreconnectedandcentralized.Inthe21stcentury,thebinationofglobalizationanddigitizationhascreatedalandscapecharacterizedbythethreatofcatastrophic,immediaterisk.Globalizationenableslargeefficiencygains,whereaproductcanbeputtogetherfromcarefullymanagedlinksintheglobalsupplychain.Butthosesystemslackresilience.Everylinkmustfittogetherperfectly;thesystemfallsapartifevenonechainbreaks.Centuriesago,thephilosopherDavidHumewrotethatwecanneverbecertainthatthepatternsofthepastwillremainthepatternsofthefuture.Thisisespeciallytrueinthe21stcenturyaswearebettingmoreandmoreofourworldonunstablesystems.Canwereallytrustourspeciestoflawlesslygovernunimaginablyplexsystems—systemswedon’talwaysfullyunderstand—thatcanbebroughtdownbyasinglescrewup?Modernsocietieshavediscountedthecostofthatriskbecauseourcurrentrewardsystemsfavoroptimizationoverresilience.CEOstrytodelivershorttermimprovements,notlongtermplanning.Nobodygetsreelectedbyinvestinginarainydayfund.Businessleadersarehiredorfiredbasedonquarterlyresults.Eventhoughthemodernquestforoptimizationhastoooftenmaderesilienceanafterthought,itisnotinevitablethatwecontinuedowntheriskypathwe’reon.Andmakingoursystemsmoreresilientdoesn’trequiregoingbacktoadisconnected,primitiveworld,either.Instead,ourplex,interconnectedsocietiessimplydemandthatwepromiseabitofefficiencyinordertoallowalittleextracushion(緩沖).Ifsocialsystemsrelyonamorediversedigitalarrayofpanies,thesocietieswillbelessvulnerable(脆弱的).Forthebroadersetofrisksfacingglobalsociety,betterregulationisessentialtoensurefailsafes,backups,andstresstesting—sothatoneerrordoesn’tbringdownentiresystems.TheCrowdStrikebreakdownisaclearwarmingthatthemodernworldisfragilebydesign.Sofar,wehavedecidedtomakeourselvesvulnerable.Thatmeanswecandecidedifferentlytoo.31.TheauthormentionstheCrowdStrikemainlyto______.A.highlightitscrucialroleincybersecurity B.introduceaninformationtechnologycollapseC.explainwhypeopleareinaconnectedsystem D.indicatepredictablefailuresofthemodernsystem32.Whatcanbeinferredaboutamoreglobalizedsystem?A.Itleadstoahighlyadvanceddigitalizednetwork.B.Ittendstoprioritizeadaptabilityoverproductivity.C.Itenlargestheimpactoflocalerrorstoaglobalscale.D.Itguaranteesimmediateeconomicrewardsforparticipants.33.Asforthefutureofsocialsystems,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Themoredisconnectedtheyare,themoreresilienttheywillbe.B.Someefficiencyshouldbesacrificedformoreflexibility.C.Longtermplanningpreventsstructuralbreakdowns.D.Historycanhelppeoplepredictfuturepatterns.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Hyperconnectivity:ThePriceofPerfectionB.AWakefulWarning:TheLessonfromCrowdStrikeC.SystemCollapse:AnInevitableTechnologyDisasterD.Resiliencevs.Optimization:ADebateforBetterSystems第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Imagineyou’vebeenworkingforhoursbeforeadeadline,butyoufeellikeyou’regettingnowhere.You’restartingtofeelreallyanxious.Atthispoint,youmightstarttoblameyourselfforhavingthisemotion.Nowyouhavetwoemotions:feelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdoneandfeelingfrustratedthatyouareanxious.Whenthesecondemotiongetslayeredontopofthefirstemotion,youoftenfeelworseandareevenlesslikelytoreachyourgoals.Youmaynowbewonderingifitispossibletomakethesecondemotionlesslikely.____35____.Manypeoplehaveheardof“mindfulness”.Itisoftenassociatedwithdoingameditation(冥想)practice,butitsessenceistobemoreawareandacceptingofyourpresentmomentexperience.____36____Acceptancecanlimitjudgmentalthoughtsandunhelpfulsecondaryemotions.Letmeexplain.Pictureyourselfinachallengingsituationlikethescenariodescribedaboveandyoufeelanxietyarising.Insteadofgettingupsetatyourselfforhavingthisemotion,youbringyourawarenesstotheexperienceoftheemotionandacceptit.Youmightfeelthatthisanxietyisnotfuntoexperience.____37____Withthisattitudeofacceptance,andsteppingawayfromthetendencytofightagainsttheemotion,youarelesslikelytogetstuckinaloopofjudgmentalthoughtsthatmighttriggermoreunwantedemotions.____38____Butevidencesuggeststhatitworks.Thatisprobablybecauseacceptingyourselves,includingyouremotions,relievespressure.Youstopaddingfueltotheemotionalfirewhenyoureleasejudgmentalthoughtsaboutyouremotions.____39____Forinstance,youcouldturndownthevolumeontheinitialemotion,perhapsbyseeingthesituationfromanewperspectiveoraskingsomeoneforsupport.A.Thankfully,researchsuggeststhattheanswerisyes.B.Youcan’tbeproductiveevenwhenyouhavemoreinnerspace.C.Thenyoumayquestionifyouarefeelinganxiousaboutgettingworkdone.DYetyouknowyoucanbreatheitthroughandthatitisjustapassingemotion.E.Sometimestheexperienceincludesanunpleasantemotionyoudon’twanttofeel.F.Itmightsoundunreasonablethatembracinganunpleasantemotioncanbeagoodthing.G.Youalsocreatemoreinnerspacetodeterminewhetheryoucandosomethingthathelps.第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。TheCambridgeDictionarydefinescuriosityas“aneagerwishtoknoworlearnaboutsomething”whichesinvarioustypes.IanLeslie,inhisbookCurious,outlinesthreetypes:“adventurouscuriosity”,thedesiretoexplorenewplacesandpeople;“intellectualcuriosity”,thedeepdiveyoutakewhenfindingoutaboutaparticulartopic;and“empatheticcuriosity”,thewantingtofindoutmoreaboutthepeoplearoundus.Aschildren,webubbleoverwithcuriosity.However,aswegrowup,itcanfade.Worse,wecanetobelievethatit’sabadthing.Afterall,didn’titkillthecat?Neurosciencesuggestsoneexplanationforthisdecline.Brainsinearlychildhoodpossessgreatplasticityandlaydownlotsofneuralpathwaysbasedontheinformationwegatherfromallthatcuriousexploringandexperimenting.However,aswegrowolder,ourbrainslosesomeofthatflexibility.Andwerelyonthoseearlierpathwaystodealwiththethingswe’veseenanddonebefore.It’sawayofconservingbrainenergyforeconomyandpetenceincopingwithordinarylife.Whateverunderliesourshrinkingcuriosity,researchrepeatedlyshowsthatwe’dbebetteroffcontinuingtocultivateit.Curiosityislinkedtolowerlevelsofanxiety,agreatersatisfactioninli