鎖閉裝置LockingDevice鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)

鎖閉裝置LockingDevice天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)鎖閉裝置（一）道岔的鎖閉方式道岔的鎖閉是把尖軌或可動(dòng)心軌等可動(dòng)部分固定在某個(gè)開(kāi)通位置，當(dāng)列車通過(guò)時(shí)不受外力作用而改變。當(dāng)?shù)啦碛赊D(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換至某個(gè)特定位置后，通過(guò)本身所依附的鎖閉裝置，直接把尖軌與基本軌或心軌與翼軌密貼夾緊并固定，稱為道岔的外鎖閉。即道岔的鎖閉主要不是依靠轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)內(nèi)部的鎖閉裝置，而是依靠轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)外部的鎖閉裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由于外鎖閉道岔的兩根尖軌之間沒(méi)有連接桿，在道岔轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中，兩根尖軌是分別動(dòng)作的，所以又稱為分動(dòng)外鎖閉道岔。lockingdevice1.Thelockingmodeoftheturnout

Thelockingoftheturnoutistofixthemovablepartsuchasthetonguerailormovablefrograilinacertainopeningposition,whichwillnotbechangedbyexternalforcewhenthetrainpasses.Whentheturnoutisdrivenbytheswitchmachinetoaspecificposition,throughthelockingdeviceattachedtoitself,thetonguerailandthestockrailorthefrograilandthewingrailaredirectlyclampedandfixed,calledtheexternallockingoftheturnout.Inotherwords,thelockingofturnoutdoesnotdependontheinternallockingdeviceofswitchmachine,butontheexternallockingdeviceofswitchmachine.Sincethereisnoconnectingrodbetweenthetwopointedrailsoftheexternallockingturnout,thetwopointedrailsareoperatedseparatelyduringtheturnoutconversionprocess,soitisalsocalledsplitexternallockingturnout.（二）分動(dòng)外鎖閉道岔的技術(shù)特征1.電務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)轍備及安裝裝置分別為ZDJ9型電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)和ZYJ7型電動(dòng)電液轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)兩種類型。2.尖軌轉(zhuǎn)換采用分動(dòng)方式，設(shè)兩個(gè)牽引點(diǎn)，以防尖軌反彈，改善工作尖軌與基本軌的密貼狀態(tài)。3.對(duì)ZDJ9型轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)，在尖軌第二牽引點(diǎn)的前部設(shè)置ELP319型密貼檢查器，對(duì)尖軌與基本軌的密貼進(jìn)行檢測(cè)；ZYJ7型轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)由副機(jī)SH6進(jìn)行檢測(cè)；。4.可動(dòng)心軌部分也設(shè)置兩個(gè)牽引點(diǎn)。5.尖軌及可動(dòng)心軌轉(zhuǎn)換均設(shè)鉤式外鎖閉裝置。6.對(duì)尖軌第二牽引點(diǎn)，ZDJ9型轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)由導(dǎo)管及T型拐裝置帶動(dòng)；ZYJ7型轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)為副機(jī)SH6帶動(dòng)。7.各類轉(zhuǎn)換桿件、密貼檢查器及外鎖閉裝置全部隱蔽在鋼岔枕內(nèi)，以滿足機(jī)械化作業(yè)的要求。鎖閉裝置2.Technicalcharacteristicsofsplit-actionexternallockingturnouts1.Theelectricserviceruttingpreparationandinstallationdevicearetwotypesofelectricswitchmachine,ZDJ9typeandZYJ7typeelectricelectro-hydraulicswitchmachinerespectively.2.Thetonguerailconversionadoptsthesplittingmethodandsetstwotractionpointstopreventthetonguerailfrombouncingbackandimprovetheclosenessoftheworkingtonguerailandthestockrail.3.ForZDJ9typeswitchmachine,ELP319typeclose-fittingcheckerissetatthefrontofthesecondtractionpointofthetonguerailtodetecttheclose-fittingofthetonguerailandthestockrail;ZYJ7typeswitchmachineisdetectedbythesubmachineSH6;.4.Movablefrograilpartalsosettwotractionpoints.5.Thetonguerailandmovablefrograilconversionaresetwithhooktypeexternallockingdevice.6.Forthesecondtractionpointofthetonguerail,ZDJ9typeswitchmachineisdrivenbytheconduitandT-turndevice;ZYJ7typeswitchmachineisdrivenbytheviceSH6.7.Allkindsofconversionrods,close-fittingcheckersandexternallockingdevicesareconcealedinthesteelturnoutsleeperstomeettherequirementsofmechanizedoperation.lockingdevice（三）鉤式外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)鉤式外鎖閉裝置是目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的外鎖閉裝置，分為分動(dòng)尖軌和可動(dòng)心軌用兩種。分動(dòng)尖軌用鉤式外鎖閉裝置可動(dòng)心軌用鉤式外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)心軌一動(dòng)外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)心軌二動(dòng)外鎖閉裝置結(jié)構(gòu)鎖閉裝置3.HooktypeexternallockingdevicestructureHookexternallockingdeviceiscurrentlythemostwidelyusedexternallockingdevice,dividedintotwokindsofsplit-tonguerailandmovablefrograilwith.Hook-typeexternallockingdeviceforsplit-tonguerailStructureofhooktypeexternallockingdeviceformovablefrograilStructureofthehearttrackadynamicexternallockingdeviceHearttracktwo-actionexternallockingdevicestructurelockingdevice（四）外鎖閉裝置安裝及調(diào)試1.安裝外鎖閉裝置及安裝裝置的安裝必須在工務(wù)道床水平、軌枕位置準(zhǔn)確、軌距標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及尖軌、心軌宏觀密貼等相關(guān)部位達(dá)到安裝技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的條件下方可進(jìn)行安裝鎖閉框和尖軌連接鐵安裝鎖閉桿安裝鎖鉤安裝鎖閉鐵插入導(dǎo)向銷鎖閉裝置4.TheinstallationandCommissioningoftheexternallockingdevice1.InstallationTheinstallationoftheexternallockingdeviceandinstallationdevicemustbeinstalledintheleveloftheworkbed,accuraterailsleeperposition,gaugestandardandtonguerail,frograilmacroclosepasteandotherrelatedpartstoachievetheinstallationoftechnicalstandards.InstallationoflockingframeandspikerailconnectingironInstallingthelockingrodInstallinglockingframeInstallinglockingironInsertingguidepinlockingdevice（四）外鎖閉裝置安裝及調(diào)試1.安裝安裝鎖閉桿安裝鎖閉框安裝開(kāi)口銷及鎖閉鐵2.調(diào)試（1）外鎖閉的調(diào)試①尖軌部分a.調(diào)整兩鎖閉框，使兩側(cè)鎖閉框?qū)φ.調(diào)整兩側(cè)尖軌密貼。c.調(diào)整道岔開(kāi)口。②心軌部分通過(guò)調(diào)整鎖閉鐵和鎖閉框之間調(diào)整片的數(shù)量，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩側(cè)心軌鎖閉的調(diào)整。（2）安裝裝置的調(diào)試安裝裝置的調(diào)試是與外鎖閉的調(diào)試同時(shí)進(jìn)行的，調(diào)試好安裝裝置和外鎖閉，道岔電務(wù)方面的指標(biāo)也就達(dá)到要求。①道岔的調(diào)試要先調(diào)試第一牽引點(diǎn)，再調(diào)試第二點(diǎn)。②道岔開(kāi)口的調(diào)整。③心軌鎖閉量的調(diào)整。④電轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)垂直方向（高低）的調(diào)整。⑤電轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)表示（表示桿缺口）的調(diào)試。鎖閉裝置4.TheinstallationandCommissioningoftheexternallockingdeviceInstallingthelockingrodInstallinglockingframeInstallingcotterpinandlockingiron2.Commissioning(1)Commissioningofexternallocking①Tonguerailparta.Adjustthetwolockingframes,sothatbothsidesofthelockingframesquare.b.Adjustbothsidesofthetonguerailclosefit.c.Adjusttheturnoutopening.②CenterrailpartTheadjustmentofcenterraillockingonbothsidesisrealizedbyadjustingthenumberofadjustmentpiecesbetweenthelockingironandthelockingframe.(2)CommissioningofinstallationdeviceThecommissioningoftheinstallationdeviceiscarriedoutatthesametimewiththecommissioningoftheexternallocking,thecommissioningoftheinstallationdeviceandtheexternallocking,theelectricalserviceindexoftheturnoutwillalsomeettherequirements.①Thecommissioningoftheturnoutshouldfirstcommissionthe