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PAS97:2021
Mailscreeningandsecurity
-Specification
個(gè)Sciing
Unit
bsi.
省
省■
Publishingandcopyrightinformation
TheBSIcopyrightnoticedisplayedinthisdocumentindicateswhenthedocumentwaslastissued.
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021.
PublishedbyBSIStandardsLimited2021.
ISBN9780539041743
ICS13.310
NocopyingwithoutBSIpermissionexceptaspermittedbycopyrightlaw.
Publicationhistory
FirstpublishedMarch2009
SecondeditionJanuary2012
ThirdeditionOctober2015
Fourth(present)editionMarch2021
PAS97:2021
Contents
Foreword ii
Introduction iii
1Scope 1
2Termsanddefinitions 1
3Outlineofprocess 3
4Assessingtherisk 5
5Screeninglevels 8
6Physicalprotectivemeasures 10
7Summarizingtheorganization'srequirements 15
8Implementation 16
Annexes
AnnexA(informative)Possibleindicatorsthatadelivereditemmay
beofconcern(fromwww.cpni.gov.uk) 23
AnnexB(informative)Actionupondiscoveryofanysuspicious
delivereditem(fromwww..uk) 24
AnnexC(normative)Mailfacilitylayoutandconstructionto
minimizetheeffectsofanexplosivedeviceor"whitepowder" 25
AnnexD(informative)AdditionalinformationonX-raymachines
formailscreening 30
AnnexE(informative)MailScreeningProcessSchematic 32
Bibliography 34
Listoffigures
Figure1-SummaryofPAS97process 4
FigureC.1-ConveyorizedXrayscreening 27
FigureC.2-CabinetX-rayscreening 28
FigureC.3-"Whitepowder"screening 29
FigureE.1-Mailscreeningprocess 33
Listoftables
Table1-Screeninglevels 9
Table2-Physicalprotectionclasses 10
Table3-Recommendedminimumphysicalprotectionclassesfor
eachscreeninglevel 14
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021i
PAS97:2021
Foreword
ThisPubliclyAvailableSpecification(PAS)wassponsoredbytheCentrefortheProtectionofNationalInfrastructure(CPNI).ItsdevelopmentwasfacilitatedbyBSIStandardsLimitedanditwaspublishedunderlicencefromTheBritishStandardsInstitution(BSI).Itcameintoeffecton31March2021.
Acknowledgementisgiventothefollowing
organizationsthatwereinvolvedinthedevelopmentofthisPASasmembersofthesteeringgroup:
·BankofAmerica
·BBC
·BritishTransportPolice
·CanaryWharfManagement
·CounterTerrorismPolicingSouthEast
·CentrefortheProtectionofNationalInfrastructure
·CreditSuisseUK
·DeutscheBank
·EasternRegionSpecialOperationsUnit-CounterTerrorismPolicing
·PosteRouteLtd
·RoyalMailGroup
·SwissPostSolutions
·ScottishParliament
·VodafoneLtd
·WestMidlandsPolice
AcknowledgementisalsogiventothemembersofawiderreviewpanelwhowereconsultedinthedevelopmentofthisPAS.
TheBritishStandardsInstitutionretainsownership
andcopyrightofthisPAS.BSIStandardsLimitedasthepublisherofthePASreservestherighttowithdraworamendthisPASonreceiptofauthoritativeadvicethatitisappropriatetodoso.ThisPASwillbereviewedatintervalsnotexceedingtwoyears,andanyamendmentsarisingfromthereviewwillbepublishedasanamendedPASandpublicizedinUpdateStandards.
CopyrightisclaimedontwoimagesinthisPAS,
appearingonpages14and19.CopyrightholdersareSwissPostSolutionsParkshotHouse,5KewRoad,
Richmond,TW92PR.
ThePASprocessenablesaspecificationtoberapidly
developedinordertofulfilanimmediateneed
inindustry.APAScanbeconsideredforfurther
developmentasaBritishStandard,orconstitutepartoftheUKinputintothedevelopmentofaEuropeanorInternationalStandard.
Supersession
ThisPASsupersedesPAS97:2015,whichiswithdrawn.
Useofthisdocument
IthasbeenassumedinthepreparationofthisPAS
thattheexecutionofitsprovisionswillbeentrustedtoappropriatelyqualifiedandexperiencedpeople,forwhoseuseithasbeenproduced.
Presentationalconventions
InthisPAS,theword"shall"indicatesrequirements.
Theword"should"isusedtoexpressrecommendationsofthisstandard.Theword"may"isusedinthetext
toexpresspermissibility,e.g.asanalternativetothe
primaryrecommendationoftheclause.Theword"can"isusedtoexpresspossibility,e.g.aconsequenceofanactionoranevent.Allwordingwithoutuseofthese
verbsisgeneralcommentarythatprovidesaframeworkforusefulunderstandingoftheprovisionsofthis
standard.Paragraphsmarked"NOTE"offerparticularguidanceinunderstandingorclarifyingtheassociatedrequirement.
Contractualandlegalconsiderations
Thispublicationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthe
necessaryprovisionsofacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.
CompliancewithaPAScannotconferimmunityfromegalobligations.
ThisPASisnottoberegardedasaBritishStandard.Itwillbewithdrawnuponpublicationofitscontentin,oras,aBritishStandard.
ii◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
PAS97:2021
Introduction
Eveninthiselectronicage,mostbusinessesand
otherorganizationsrelyontheabilitytoreceiveandsendphysicalitemsofmail.Asanessentialpartof
normaloperations,mailpresentsvariouspotentially
significantvulnerabilities.Mailstreamsintoandwithinanorganizationprovideavectorformaliciousattacksandscopeforothersecurityincidents,allofwhich
canendangerlifeandadverselyaffecttheday-to-daybusinessoftheorganization,aswellasitsreputation.
Attacksmightbeintendedtocausephysicaldamagetoproperty,harmtoindividuals,tocreatefearormerelytocausedisruption.Conversely,itisalsoquitepossibleforperfectlybenignobjectstoappearsuspicious,
causingdisruptionthroughemergencyresponsesthatproveunnecessary.Inaddition,incomingandoutgoingmailstreamsmightcontainvaluableitemsorsensitiveinformationthatwarrantprotectingfromlossortheft.
Mailscreeningandsecuritymeasurescanbeusedtoreducetheriskandimpactofsuchincidents.ThisPASaimstoassistorganizationsinidentifyingandimplementingappropriatepostalsecuritymeasuresthatmeettheirparticularneeds.
Toofeworinappropriatemeasuresincreasetheriskofsignificantsecurityincidentsthatharmtheorganizationanditsbusiness.Excessivemeasuresarelikelytobeanunnecessaryexpenseandmightotherwisereducetheefficiencyoftheorganization,forexamplebycausingdelaysorusingscarcestaffandspaceresources.
Inworkingtoidentifyandimplementtheappropriatemeasuresforanorganization,itisimportantto
considerfactorsbothwithinandexternaltothe
organizationaswellaspotentialfuturechangesto
these.Forexample,thenatureoftheorganization'sbusinesscouldchangeinawaythataffectsmail
throughputrequirements,ascouldthepublicprofileoftheorganizationinawaythatmakesitmorelikelytobetargetedbysingle-issuegroups,terroristsor
disaffectedindividuals.
Whilenotexhaustive,thefollowingcasestudieshighlightdifferentthreatsandhowtheywereaddressed.
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
CaseStudyA-USanthraxletters,Autumn2001
InSeptemberandOctober2001,letterscontainingBacillusanthracissporesweremailedtoseveralnewsmediaofficesandtwoUSDemocratSenators.Fivepeoplediedofinhalationalanthraxandmorethanadozenothersbecameseriouslyill.Thousandsof
employeesoftheUSPostalServiceandgovernmentofficesthatcouldhavebeenexposedweregiven
antibioticsasaprecaution.Dozensofbuildingswerecontaminatedasaresultofthemailings.Theattackhadasevereimpactonmailservicesacrossthe
UnitedStatesasmanypostalfacilitieshadtoclosefordecontamination.Onebuildingtookthreeyearstoreopenafterdecontaminationatacostofmanytensofmillionsofdollars.
USFederalprosecutorseventuallydeclareda
scientistemployedinthegovernment'sbio-defencelaboratoriesasthesoleperpetrator,thoughhis
motivesfortheattackswereunclear.
CaseStudyB-UKletterbombcampaign,2007
InJanuaryandFebruary2007,therewasatargetedmailcampaignintheUKagainstsevencompaniesandgovernmentagencieswhichtheperpetrator
believedwereconnectedtoariseina"surveillancesociety".Relativelyunsophisticatedexplosive
deviceswereused,mostofwhichfunctionedon
openingcausingminorinjuriestothehandsand
upperbodiesofthepersonshandlingtheitemsandotherpersonsnearby.Duetothedifferentwaysinwhichorganizationshandleincomingmail,those
whoopenedthelettersandwereinjuredwerenotnecessarilytheintendedtargetsforthedevices.Intwocasestheitemswereinterceptedbytrainedandvigilantmailroomoperatorsanddealtwithsafely
usingpractisedescalationprocedures,resultinginminimumdisruptiontotheorganizationsconcerned.
InSeptember2007,MilesCooper,aschoolcaretakerfromCambridge,wasfoundguiltyofavarietyof
chargesinrelationtotheletterbombcampaign,andreceivedanindeterminateprisonsentence.
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PAS97:2021
CaseStudyE-UKparcelbombs,2014
InFebruary2014aseriesofparcelbombswere
senttoseveralBritishArmedForcesCareersOfficesacrossEngland.Allthedeviceswerecontained
withinenvelopeswhichwereaddressedbyhand.AgrouplinkedtoNorthernIrishterrorismclaimedresponsibilityforthepackagesinastatementmadetotheIrishNews.Iftheyhadnotbeendiscovered,thecrudebutpotentiallyviabledeviceswerelikelytohavecausedharmtotheirvictims.
CaseStudyC-UKhoaxcampaign,2012
Aseriesofhoax"anthrax"lettersweresenttohighprofilegovernmentofficials,includingtheDeputyPrimeMinister,inthesummerandautumnof2012.Theletterswereinterceptedatamailscreening
centre,andthesubstancefoundtobenon-
hazardous.Ifthelettershadnotbeeninterceptedthecampaignwouldundoubtedlyhavecaused
concernanddisruption.
RuthAugustuswasfoundguiltyofsixcountsofhoaxesinvolvingnoxioussubstancesandwas
sentencedtoatwo-yearcommunityorderinadditiontoreceivingmentalhealthtreatment.
CaseStudyF-UKseriesofwhitepowderincidents,2016
OvertheperiodofonedayinJuly2016,five
incidentswerereportedofwhitepowderbeing
deliveredtoMuslimcentres,mosques,agovernmentbuildingandamailscreeningserviceinLondon.
Oneenvelopewassaidtofeelsuspiciousandlumpy,withpowderandoffensivemessagessubsequentlyfoundinside.Theorganizationcalledthepoliceandspecialistofficersattended,andthepowderwas
discoverednottobehazardous.Onebuildingwasevacuatedformorethantwohoursondiscovery
ofthepackagewhichwasopenedtorevealwhite
powder.Thishighlightstheimportanceofearly
recognitionofpotentialsuspiciousindicatorsinmail,before(andintheeventof)beingdeliveredtotherecipient,aswellastheneedforarobustresponseprocedurethatmustbeinplacetominimizefurtherimpact.
CaseStudyG-UKwhitepowderincident,2018
InFebruary2018,asecurityincidentwastriggered
whenasmallpackagecontainingwhitepowder
wasdeliveredtoaUKgovernmentdepartment's
office.Specialistofficersexaminedthepackageat
thescene,whichwaslaterfoundtobenon-harmful.Theofficeaffectedwasisolatedwhiletherestof
thebuildingremainedopenasusual.Securityalertswerealsominimizedtoavoidfurtheralarm.The
proportionateresponseproceduresthatwereput
intoactionensuredbusinesscontinuityensuedwhiletheincidentwasbeingaddressed.
CaseStudyD-USricinletters,2013
On16April2013,anenvelopeaddressedtoaUS
SenatorwasinterceptedattheUSCapitol'soffsite
mailfacilityinWashingtonDCandtestedpositive
forricin.Thefollowingdayasecondenvelope,thistimeaddressedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates,wasinterceptedandagaintestedpositiveforricin.Afurtherlettercontainingricinreacheditsintendedrecipient,howevertheindividualwasnotharmed.
EverettDutschkewaschargedinJune2013
fordevelopingandpossessingricintoxinand
subsequentlymailingricin-laced,threateningletters,includingonethatthreatenedbodilyharmtothe
PresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hewassentencedto25yearsinprison.
Theeventssparkednumerouscopycatincidentswithindividualsmailingricintoaseniorjudgeandthe
MayorofNewYork.
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
iv
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
PAS97:2021
CaseStudyI-Internalmailscreeningfornon-maliciousthreats
Whilstsecurityisanimportantissuefortheoilandgasindustry,safetyisparamount;hencealcohol
anddrugsareprohibitedonalloffshoreoiland
gasinstallations.Employeesandcontractorsare
requiredtodeclareallmedicalconditionsandanydrugsprescribedtothemtotreattheseconditions.Mailtooffshoreinstallationsisroutedinternally
withintherespectiveorganization-itisreceivedatacompanyofficeonlandwhereitisscreenedfor
alcoholanddrugs(bothprescribedandllegal),aswellashazardousmaterialsanditems,beforebeingtransferredoffshore.
CaseStudyH-UKpostaldevices,2019
InMarch2019,anumberofimproviseddevices
weresenttotransporthubsandotherlocationsinEnglandandScotland.Thedeviceswerecontainedwithinpaddedenvelopesinsideplasticpostalbags.Oneofthedeviceswasopenedandcaughtfire,
thoughthankfullynoonewasinjured.
Atanumberoftheothersites,staffhandlingthemaildeemedtheitemssuspiciousandimplementedresponseprocedures,evacuatingthesurroundingareaandcallingthepolice.Specialistofficersthenattendedandmadethedevicessafe.
Thequickandeffectiveresponseofmailhandlingstaff,andtimelyinformationsharingbetweentheorganizationsinvolved,meantthatalthoughtherewasdisruptiontosomeareasofthesites,their
mainbusinesswasunaffected.Iftheyhadnotbeendiscovered,thesedevicescouldhavecausedharmtotheirrecipients.
V
PAS97:2021
Thispageisdeliberatelyleftblank.
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
vi
PAS97:2021
1Scope2Termsanddefinitions
ThisPASspecifiesrequirementsandgives
recommendationsformailscreening,setinthebroadercontextofpostalsecurity.Itisintendedforusebythoseresponsibleforplanning,deliveringorprocuringmailhandlingandscreeningserviceswithinorganizations,aswellascommercialprovidersofsuchservices.
tspecifiesmeasurestoassistbusinessesandother
organizationsinidentifyingandminimizingtheimpactofitemsofmailthatrepresentathreat,orcould
otherwisecauseconcernordisruption.Italsoaddressesbroaderpostalsecuritymeasuresaimedatensuring
allincoming,outgoingandinternalmailstreamsaremanagedsoastominimizetheriskoflossortheftofvaluableorsensitiveitemsorinformation.
ThisPASconcentratesonlettersandsmallparcels
enteringtheorganizationfromanyexternalsource,includingpublic/commercialpostalservices,byhandorbycourierdelivery.
WhilstmanyoftheprinciplesdetailedinthisPAScanalsobeappliedtoimprovingthesecurityofother,
larger-scaledeliveries,thesearenotexplicitlycovered.
ThesecurityofelectronicmailandassociatedITsystemsisoutsidethescopeofthisPAS.
ThisPASdoesnotproposeasinglestandardofpostalsecurityandscreening.Instead,itsetsouttoassist
organizationsinassessingtheirparticularlevel(s)ofriskandselectingandimplementingcommensuratesecuritymeasureswhetheronsiteoroffsite,deliveredin-houseoroutsourced.Aseriesofscreeninglevels
(1to5)isdefinedintermsofprogressivelymore
complexscreeningmeasures;thisiscomplementedbyaseriesofphysicalprotectionclasses(AtoD)thatdescribeincrementalphysicalprotectivemeasuresformailroomsandpersonnel.
NOTEAnotherfactorcontributingtotheoveralllevelofprotectionanorganizationderivesfromitspostalsecuritymeasuresisthelocationofitsmailfacilities.
ForthepurposesofthisPAS,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.
2.1deliveries
goodsreceivedbyanorganization
NOTEThisincludesmailandabroadrangeofother,
often/arger,items(forexamplecleaning,cateringandofficesuppliesandequipment)whichpresentdifferentchallenges.
2.2mail
lettersandsmallpackageswhichcouldbedeliveredbyacommercialpostaloperatororcouriercompanybehanddeliveredororiginatewithintheorganization
NOTEWhilst"post"and"mail"arecommonlyusedinterchangeably,theterm"mail"isusedthroughoutthisPAS(with"postal"usedasthecorresponding
adjective).
2.3mailhandling
allaspectsofmovingmail(2.2)aroundwithinan
organization,includingcollection,sorting,distributionanddelivery
2.4mailroom
roomormulti-roomfacilitywheremail(2.2)issortedand/orscreened
2.5mailscreening
useofmanualorautomatedmethodstoidentify
hazardsandothercausesofdisruptionassociatedwithtemsofmail(2.2)
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
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PAS97:2021
2.6mailstreams
routesbywhichmail(2.2)travelsfromsendertorecipient
NOTE1MostrelevantinthecontextofthisPASarestreamswithintheorganizationinquestion,i.e.
howmail(2.2)enters,travelswithinandexitstheorganization.
NOTE2Mailstreamswithintheorganizationcanspanmultiplesitesorincludeoffsitemailhandling(2.3)/
screening(2.5)byspecialistcontractors.
2.7personnelsecurity
systemofpoliciesandprocedureswhichseekto
managetheriskofstaff(permanent,temporaryor
contractstaff)exploiting,orintendingtoexploit,theirlegitimateaccesstoanorganization'sassetsorpremisesforunauthorizedpurposes
2.8postalsecurity
encompassesbothmailscreening(2.5)andmore
generalmeasuresaimedatmakingsureallincoming,outgoingandinternalmailstreams(2.6)aremanagedsoastominimizerisk(2.9)
2.11specialistsecurityengineers
engineerswhoaremembersoftheRegisterof
SecurityEngineersandSpecialists(RSES)orareabletodemonstratecompetenciessimilartothoserequiredforRSESmembership
NOTESeeBibliographyforinformationontheRegisterofSecurityEngineersandSpecialists.
2.12threat
waysinwhich,andreasonswhy,anorganizationmightbetargeted
2.13"whitepowders"
materialswhichcaneitherbebenignorhazardous
chemicals(includingexplosiveornarcotic),biologicalorradiological
NOTESuchmaterialsmightnotbe"white"andmightnotbe"powders";materialscanbecrystalline(e.g.sugar),oilyorwaxyresidues,orliquids
2.9risk
impactandlikelihoodofanincidentarisingasaresultofthethreat(2.12)
2.10sensitiveinformation
informationthatwarrantsprotecting[includingwhileintransitinmail(2.2)]
NOTEThiscouldincludeintellectualproperty,tradesecretsorconfidentialpersonal,financialormedicalinformation.
OTheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
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PAS97:2021
3Outlineofprocess
Theorganization(includingitsappointedcontractorswhereappropriate)shallassesstherisksassociatedwithpostalincidents(seeClause4).Thisassessmentshall
requireconsiderationofthethreatstheorganizationfaces(see4.1)ofthevulnerabilityofitsmailstreamsandassociatedprocesses,andofthepotentialimpactofmail-relatedincidents(see4.2).
Theorganizationshallaimtoreduce,toanacceptablelevel,theriskofpostalincidentscausingdisruptionorharm.
NOTE1Anacceptablelevelofriskisthelevelof
residualrisktheorganizationispreparedtoaccept.
Theorganizationshallidentifyanappropriatelevel
(orlevels)ofscreening(seeClause5)combinedwith
suitablephysicalprotectivemeasures(seeClause6).Theorganizationshallrecordthefindingsofthisanalysis,formallystatingitsrequirements(seeClause7),and
thenshallimplementthesemeasuresaccordingly,withregularreview(seeClause8).
NOTE2TheoverallPAS97processissummarizedinFigure1.
TheorganizationshallfollowallofthestepsdescribedinthisPAS,andshallconsiderpostalsecurityasan
integralpartofitswidersecuritymeasures.
WARNINGAdhocadoptionofindividual
measuresdescribedinthisPAScouldleadto
theimplementationofaninadequatescreening
capability,ortounsafepractices.Forexample,
selectingaparticularlevelofscreeningwithoutalsousinganappropriateclassofphysicalprotection
measurescouldresultinstaffbeingunnecessarilyexposedtohazards.
NOTE3Moregeneralinformationonbusiness
riskmanagementcanbefoundinBS31100and
BSENISO22301,aswellasfromthesourcesintheBibliography.MoregeneralinformationonsecuritymanagementcanbefoundinBS16000.
OrganizationsdemonstratingorrequestingcompliancewithmeasuressetoutinthisPASshalldosousingtheformat"PAS97:2021atScreeningLevelnwithPhysicalProtectionClassx".
NOTE4Whendemonstratingorrequestingcompliance,supplementaryinformation(forexampleexceptions,
additionalmeasuresordetailsoflocation)shouldbesuppliedasrequired.
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
3
PAS97:2021
Figure1-SummaryofPAS97process
Decisiontoconsiderdevelopingandimplementingmailscreeningandsecuritymeasures
Assesstherisktotheorganizationfrompostalthreats
(seeClause4)
●Understandthepostalthreat(4.1)
·Understandthewaysinwhichitemsofmailmaycauseconcern,disruption,orharm(4.1.1)
organizationisatarget(4.1.2)
●Assesstheextenttowhichthe
●Understandtheorganization'smailstreams(4.2)
SelectScreeningLevelscommensuratewiththerisk
(seeClause5)
ldentifysuitablelocationforscreeningfacilityandappropriatePhysicalProtectiveMeasures
(seeClause6)
Formallyrecordtheorganization'srequirementsformailscreeningandsecurity
(seeClause7)
Implementmailscreeningandsecuritymeasures
(seeClause8)
·Generalpostalsecuritymeasures(8.2)
·Managementandresponsibility(8.3)
●Internalprovisionvsoutsourcing(8.4)
·Operatingproceduresandemergencyprocedures(8.5)
●Mailroomlocation,design,layoutandconstruction(8.6)
·Screeningmethodsandequipment(8.7).Humanfactors(8.8)
●Healthandsafety(8.9)
Reviewregularly,andinresponsetopostalsecurityincidentsandsignificantinternalorexternalchanges
◎TheBritishStandardsInstitution2021
4
PAS97:2021
4Assessingtherisk
COMMENTARYONCLAUSE4
Thefirststepinidentifyingandimplementing
appropriatemailscreeningandsecuritymeasures
involvesunderstandingtherisksassociatedwith
eachofthevariousmailstreamsintoandwithinthe
organization.Thisrequiresconsiderationofcurrent
andpossiblefuturethreatstotheorganizationandthelikelihoodandimpactofanincidentoccurring.
FurthermeasuresforbusinesscontinuitycanbefoundinBSEN/SO22301.
4.1Understandingthethreat
4.1.1Mailcausingconcern,disruptionorharm
General
Thoseresponsibleforpostalsecuritywithinanorganizationshallhaveaclearunderstandingofthewaysinwhich
itemsofmailcouldcauseconcern,disruptionorharm,eitherunintentionallyorasaresultofmaliciousintent.
NOTE1Anindividualmightpursueanattackonan
organizationthroughthemailbecauseitisatargeted,"anonymous"approach,whichoffersadirectroute
intotheorganizationandhasthepotentialtocausesignificantimpact.
NOTE2Anunopenedpostalitemmightraiseconcerns
onaccountofitsexternalappearance.Itmightbebenignbutofunusualappearanceoritmightbeintendedto
causeconcern,disruptionorharm,eitherasahoaxor
anobvioushazard.Alternatively,anitemofmailmightbeintendedtocauseharmordisruptionbutwithoutitsexternalappearanceraisingparticularconcerns.Amoreinvolvedprocess,i.e.atoneofthehigherscreeninglevelssetoutinClause5,isnecessarytodetectthiskindof
threat.AlistofpossibleindicatorsthatadelivereditemmightbeofconcernispresentedinAnnexA.Thislistisquitegeneral,andwhatcouldbedeemedsuspiciousinonecontextmightbequitenormalinanother.
Fromascreeningperspective,itishelpfultoconsiderhazardousitemsandmaterialsasfallingintotwo
categories:
a)discretethreatobjectsandbulkmaterials;and
b)"whitepowders"(see2.13).
NOTE3Disruptionorconcernmightbecausedby
hoaxesintendedtolooklikesuchthreatobjectsandmaterials.Thesendingofhoaxesisacriminaloffence;suspectedhoaxincidentsshouldbereportedtothe
police.
NOTE4Disruptionorconcerncanalsobecausedby
offensivewrittenorgraphicalmaterial,eitherwithin
orontheoutsideoftheitemofmail;whilstinitself
physicallyharmless,itmightbedistressingtothe
recipient,andimportantlyitmightalsobeindicativeofthepresenceofotherhazards.Thesendingofoffensivewrittenorgraphicalmaterialisacriminaloffence;
incidentsshouldbereportedtothepolice.
Discretethreatobjectsandbulkmaterials
NOTE1Thiscoversitemsandbulkquantitiesof
hazardousmaterialswhosepresenceshouldbeclearlydiscerniblewhenmailisX-rayed,evenifalargevolumeofmailisX-rayedatonce.
Thiscategoryincludes:
·explosiveandincendiarydevices(improvisedorofcommercialormilitaryorigin);
·firearmsandammunition;
·knives;
·bladesandothersharpitems(e.g.syringeneedles,brokenglass);
·offensivematerial(e.g.faeces,urine);
·bulkchemicals-toxic,corrosiveorotherwiseharmful,includingnarcotics;
·bulkbiologicalmaterials;and
·bulkradiological(radioactive)materials.
NOTE2Relativelystraightfo
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