考研英語二（閱讀）模擬試卷20

考研英語二（閱讀）模擬試卷20

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

ThebusinesspracticesofAmericawillhaveyouintheofficefromnineinthemorningto

fiveintheevening,ifnotlonger.Muchoftheworld,though,preferstotakeanap.And

researchpresentedtotheAAAS（AmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences）meetingin

SanDiegosuggestsitmayberighttodoso.MatthewWalkerandhiscolleaguesatthe

UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,havefoundthattheyprobablyhavebettermemory,

too.Apost-mealsnooze,DrWalkerhasdiscovered,setsthebrainupforlearning.The

roleofsleepinconsolidatingmemoriesthathavealreadybeencreatedhasbeen

understoodforsometime.DrWalkerhasbeentryingtoextendthisunderstandingby

lookingatsleep'sroleinpreparingthebrainfortheformationofmemoriesinthefirst

place.Hewasparticularlyinterestedinatypeofmemorycalledepisodicmemory,which

relatestospecificevents,placesandtimes.Thiscontrastswithproceduralmemory,ofthe

skillsrequiredtoperformsomesortofmechanicaltask,suchasdriving.Thetheoryhe

andhisteamwantedtotestwasthattheabilitytoformnewepisodicmemories

deteriorateswithincreasingwakefulness,andthatsleepthusrestoresthebrain'scapacity

forefficientlearning.Theyaskedagroupof39peopletotakepartintwolearning

sessions,oneatnoonandoneat6pm.Oneachoccasiontheparticipantstriedto

memorizeandrecall100combinationsofpicturesandnames.Afterthefirstsessionthey

wereassignedrandomlytoeitheracontrolgroup,whichremainedawake,oranapgroup,

whichhad100minutesofmonitoredsleep.Thosewhoremainedawakethroughoutthe

daybecameworseatlearning.Thosewhonapped,bycontrast,actuallyimprovedtheir

capacitytolearn,doingbetterintheeveningthantheyhadatnoon.Thesefindings

suggestthatsleepisclearingthebrain'sshort-termmemoryandmakingwayfornew

information.Thebenefitstomemoryofanap,saysDrWalker,aresogreatthattheycan

equalanentirenighfssleep.Hewarns,however,thatnappingmustnotbedonetoolate

inthedayoritwillinterferewithnight-timesleep.Moreover,noteveryoneawakens

refreshedfromanap.Thedazednessthatresultsfromanunrefreshingnapistermed

"sleepinertia1*.SaraMednick,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,suggeststhat

non-habitualnapperssufferfromthismoreoftenthanthosewhosnoozeregularly.Itmay

bethatthosewhohaveatendencytowakeupdazedarechoosingnottonapinthefirst

place.Perhaps,though,asinsomanythings,itispracticethatmakesperfect.

1、Dr.Walkerhasbeentryingtofindout.

A^theroleofsleepinenhancingmemorythathasbeencreated

B>therelationshipbetweenepisodicmemoriesandsleep

C、theroleofbraininformingnewepisodicmemories

D^differencesbetweenepisodicandproceduralmemories

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)Dr.Walkerhasbeentrying可定位到第二段。該段⑤句說，沃

克博士和他的研究小組想檢驗這一理論，即形成新的片段記憶的能力隨著不眠的增

加而下降，因此睡眠可以修復(fù)大腦高效學(xué)習(xí)的能力。由此可知，Dr.Walker想要

知道的是片段記憶和睡眠的關(guān)系，所以B項正確。

2、AccordingtoParagraph3,participants.

A、weredividedintotwogroupsatthefirstsession

B、whoremainedawakewerebadatmemorizingpicturesandnames

C、inanaporcontrolgroupweredeliberatelychosen

D、whonappedperformedbetterinthesecondsessionthanthefirst

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由題干可直接定位到第三段。該段⑤句說，午睡過的人學(xué)習(xí)能力實

際上提高了，晚上的表現(xiàn)比中午好。可見分組后午睡小組的人在第二場研討會（下

午6點）中比在第一場研討會（中午）表現(xiàn)得更好，所以D項正確。

3、Whatistrueabouttherelationshipbetweensleepandmemory?

A、Peoplewhooftentakeanaphaveabettermemory.

B、Sleepconsolidatesmemorythathasbeenunderstood.

C、Sleepimprovestheformationofproceduralmemory.

D、Sleepcanstrengthenpeople'sshort-termmemory.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干中的sleep和memory可定位到第二段和第三段。第三段⑤

句說，有午睡的人學(xué)習(xí)能力實際上提高了，晚上的表現(xiàn)比中午好。說明經(jīng)常小唾的

人學(xué)習(xí)能力得到提高，因此記憶力也更好，所以可推斷A項正確。

4、Dr.Walkerwouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A、anapcanreplaceanentirenight'ssleep

B、non-habitualnapperswillsufferfrom"sleepinertia"

C、peopleshouldnotnaptoolateintheday

D、peoplewhowakeupdazedshouldnotchoosetonap

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題實際上問的是沃克博士的觀點，根據(jù)題干可定位到第四段(因為

第四段①句說...saysDrWalker,…”沃克博士稱……”，可見該段就有沃克博士的

觀點)。該段②句說，沃克博士警告白天小睡的時間不能太晚(mustnotbedonetoo

lateintheday),否則就會干擾晚上的睡眠。C項與原文吻合。

5、Bysaying"itispracticethatmakesperfect''(Line7,Para.4),theauthormeansthat

A、peopleneedtolearnhowtotakearest

B、peoplecanavoidsleepinertiabypractice

C^peoplecanperformbetteriftheypracticealot

D、peopleneedspracticetobecomearegularnapper

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干可定位到第四段⑦句。這句話是沃克博士對小睡后有眩暈

癥狀的人的建議。根據(jù)⑥句，他認為這些人之所以出現(xiàn)這種癥狀，可能是因為一

開始就沒有選擇午睡，從這句話可推斷他認為眩暈的原因可能是缺乏練習(xí)，換言

之，可以通過練習(xí)來避免睡后遲鈍，所以B項正確。

Thedigitalattackfrome-booksandAmazon-styleonlineretailershaveputbookstoresin

anexistentialdilemma.Digitalbooksarcsaidtosellbetterthanprinttitlesby2020in

Britain,andevensoonerinAmerica.WiththeclosedownofHMV,thatmusic-retailing

giant,stillfreshineveryone'sminds,realbookstoresappeartobeonborrowedtime.So,

whatisthefutureofthebookstore?Thiswastheburningquestionsoneveryone'slipsata

recenteventatFoyles'sflagshipbookshoponCharingCrossRoadinLondon.Fora

bookstoretoremainsuccessful,itmustimprove"theexperienceofbuyingbooks,"says

AlexLifschutz,anarchitectwhoseLondon-basedpracticeisdesigningthenewFoyles.

Hesuggestsanarrayofapproaches:"small,quietspacesisolatedbybooks;largerspaces

whereonecandwellandread;otherlargerbutstillintimatespaceswhereonecanhear

talksfromauthorsaboutbooks,literature,science,travelandcooking."Theatmosphere

isvital,headds.Exteriorsmustbuzzwithactivity,entrancesmustbefullofeye-catching

presentationsandabarandcafeisessential.Thereareplentyofwaystodelightthe

bookstorecustomer,butfewareeasilyconvertedintomoney.Theconsensusisthat

bookstoresneedtobecomeculturaldestinationswherepeoplearepreparedtopaygcod

moneytohearaconcert,seeafilmorattendatalk.Theprogrammingwillhavetobe

intelligentandthespacecomfortable.Givenhowcommonitisforshopperstobrowsein

shopsonlytobuyonlinelater,somewonderwhetheritmakessensetochargepeoplefor

theprivilege.Butforcingpeopletopayfortheprivilegeofpotentiallypayingforgoods

coulddiscourageshoppersaltogether.Amoreattractiveideamightbeamembership

schemelikethoseofferedbymuseums.Unlikerewardcards,whichofferdiscountsand

othernominalbenefits,aclubmembershipcouldprovidepriorityaccesstoevents(talks,

literaryworkshops,retreats)andaprivateloungewherememberscancat,drinkandmeet

authorsbeforeevents.Differentmembershipscouldtailortotheneedsofchildrenand

students.Tosurviveandthrive,bookstoresshouldcelebratethebookinallitsforms:

rare,second-hand,digital,self-printedandsoon.Readersshouldhavetheoptionof

buyinge-booksin-store,andbuddingauthorsshouldhaveaccesstoself-printingbook

machines.ThelatterhavebeenslowertotakeoffinBritain,butinAmericabookstores

arefindingthemtobeanimportantsourceofrevenue.Thebookstoreofthefuturewill

havetoworkhard.Servicewillbeknowledgeableandpersonalised,theinventory

expertlyselected,spaceswcll-dcsigncdandtheculturaleventsattractive.Whetherbook

stores,especiallysmallindependentsareuptothechallenge,isnotclear.Thefateof

thesestoresisacliff-hanger.

6、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that.

A、bookstoresaregoingoutoffashionbecauseofe-booksandonlineretailers

B、digitalbooksarelikelytosellbetterthanpaperonesbefore2020inUSA

C>bookstoresarefacinganexistentialcrisisbecauseofinsufficienttime

D、thefutureofFoyleshasbecometheprimaryconcernofeveryone

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干可直接定位到第一段。文章首段表明了傳統(tǒng)書店現(xiàn)在遭遇的

艱難處境。其中②句說到2020年，在英國，電子刁的銷量據(jù)說會超過紙質(zhì)書籍，

而這一天在美國可能來得更早。因此，B項正確。

7、AccordingtoAlexLifschutz,themostimportantthingabookstoreshouldpresentis

A、cozyatmosphere

B、delightfulcustomer-experience

C^stylishbarandcafe

D、multi-functionalarrangementofspace

標準答案：B'

知識點解析：本題解題的關(guān)鍵在于“最根據(jù)題干中的人名AlexLifschutz可定位

到第二段①句。該句提出要想保持成功，書店必須提高顧客的購書體驗。②句He

suggestsanarrayofapproaches后面則是如何提高客戶體驗的具體建議。第二段是總

分的結(jié)構(gòu)，核心思想就是①句的improvetheexperienceofbuyingbooks,因而選擇

B項“愉快的客戶體驗”。

X、ItcanheinferredfromParagraph3that.

A、itiseasytopleasecustomers

B、shoppersgotobookstoresonlytobrowse

C^extraprivilegeswillbechargedforinthefuture

D^bookstoresneedtooffermoreculturalservices

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。該段討論能夠盈利的消費者取悅法。②句

說人們一致認為書店需要轉(zhuǎn)型成文化終點站(culturaldestinations),以吸引那些愿意

花大價錢聽音樂會、看電影和參加講座的人。③句則表明在這里舉辦的活動必須

是知識型的。結(jié)合以上內(nèi)容可知，書店需要提供更多的文化服務(wù)，D項與之相符。

9、Amoreattractiveideaforbookstorestoachieveprofitsmightbe.

A、amembershipstrategy

temptingrewardcards

C、optionofbuyinge-booksin-storc

D、self-printingbookmachines

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Amoreattractiveidea可直接定位到第四段②

句。根據(jù)該句中的membershipscheme可直接選擇A項“會員策略該段主要論證

了相對于優(yōu)惠卡來說會員制度的眾多優(yōu)點。

10^Themostappropriatetitleofthistextwouldbe.

A、Thefutureofthebookstore:ACulturalDestination

B、Thefutureofthebookstore:ACozyAtmosphere

C、Thefutureofthebookstore:ARealCliffhanger

D^Thefutureofthebookstore:AnUrgentQuest

標準答案：c-

知識點解析：這是一道主旨題，選擇文章的標題。對于主旨的判斷，既要把握全文

內(nèi)容，又要抓住文章一頭一尾兩個重點。C項”書店的未來：真正的懸念”比較符合

本文的內(nèi)容，文章開頭就表示書店已經(jīng)陷入存亡與否的困境(existentialdilemma)；

文章結(jié)尾則再次重申書店面對諸多挑戰(zhàn)，實體書店的未來是一個很大的懸念(The

fate...isacliff-hanger),比較來看C項最適合作本文的標題。

Forthepastseveralyears,Ihavebeenimmersedinthestudyoffriendship,andamong

themanythingsIhavelearned,oneideastandsout:Ifyoutrulywanttochangesome

aspectofyourlife,developingfriendshipswithpeoplewhoaspiretothesamegoalsas

youdocanleadtomoresuccessfulendeavorsthanembarkingonsolitaryefforts.Shortly

afterwemakeadecisiontochangeourbehavior,weoftensenseasofteningofwhatat

firstfeltlikeironcladconviction.Wechastiseourselvesforourinabilitytosummon

motivationandreturntothepoorhabitswe'retryingtobreaktocomfortus,actively

underminingourgoals.Whatadishearteningcycle.Butresearchshowsthathaving

friendswiththesamegoalcaninterruptthatcycle.ResearchersJamesFowlerand

NicholasChristakishavedemonstratedthatweightloss(andgain)spreadsthroughfriend

groups,mostlikelyviaaprocessofalterednorms.It'snotthatyou'llnecessarilyadopt

yourfriend'snewhabitsrightaway,buttheseedwillbeplanted.Ifyouwanttocontinue

toleelclosetoher,youmightevenstartadjustingyourownroutines(perhaps

unconsciously)toalignthemmorewithhers.Friendscanhelpyoureinforceindividual

willpower.InThePowerofHabit,CharlesDuhiggrecommendsreplacingthecuesthat

trigger,andtherewardsthatfollow,badbehaviorswithnew,healthierones.Thecueand

rewardofarealpersonknockingonyourdoorforajointjog,andastimulatingtalkover

coffeeafterwards,isaparticularlyalluringreplacementforwhateverpreviouslysucked

youintosedentaryTVwatching.InarecentNewYorkTimescolumn,"HowPeople

Change/'DavidBrooksnotedthat,"Therersaresearchsuggestingthatit'sbesttotackle

negativebehaviorsindirectly,byredirectingattentiontowarddifferent,positiveones."

Investinginfulfillingfriendshipswiththosewhohavethevaluesandhabitsyouadmire

willliftyouuptothosefriends'levelmoreeasily.Thedesiretobewith,belike,andbe

likedbyfriendsisprimal.We'reallbuilttoseekoutstrongbondswithfriendsonwhom

ourverysurvivalmighthaveoncebeendependent.Whilewedon'tnecessarilyneed

friendstohelphuntorfightoffpredatorsthesedays,mostofusprobablystillfeellikewc

can'tlivewithoutthem.Tapintothatdeep-downsocialmotivationandyou'llnotonlybe

primedlorsuccess,you'lltakepleasureintheproverbialjourney.

11、AccordingtoParagraph2,adeterminationtochangeabehaviorisoftenclosely

followedby.

A、asolidbelief

aconvincingsense

C、aweakenedwillpower

D、adisappearingmotivation

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干可直接定位到第二段，答案出現(xiàn)在該段①句。①句提到在

人們下定決心之后，原先那斬”截鐵的意志常常很快會松懈。題干中的

determination一詞對應(yīng)該句中逗號前的makeadecision,C項的aweakened

willpower與原句中的asofleningof...意思一致，因此本題選C項。

12^Researchershaveindicatedthatchangeofweightspreadsamongfriendsprobably

through.

A、adoptingthehabitsoffriends

B、alteringthebehavioralnorms

C^plantingtheseedswithfriends

D、changingoriginalroutines

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞changeofweighl可定位到文章第三段。該段①

句表明兩位研究者已經(jīng)證明體重的減輕(或增加)會在朋友圈中擴散，這其中最大的

可能性在于行為規(guī)范的改變(alterednorms)。根據(jù)這一句，選擇B項，即改變行為

規(guī)范。

13、TheexampleofjointjogismentionedinParagraph4todemonstratethat.

A、friendshelppersonaldeterminationbecomestronger

B、contactwithrealpersoncanbeextremelyrewarding

C、long-timeTVwatchingislessalluringthansports

D、anencouragingtalkovercoffeeenhancesindividualwill

標準答案：A」

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干可直接定位到第四段。該段①句指出“朋友能幫助增強個人

意志，隨后用與人相約慢跑、喝咖啡聊天的例子來論證朋友能幫助增強個人意志這

一觀點，A項與此相符c

14、DavidBrookswouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A^makingfriendsisawiseinvestment

B、peoplearcmorelikelytomakefriendswiththoseoftheirownlevel

C、shiftingattentiontopositivebehaviorsisagoodwaytochangenegativeones

D^fulfillingfriendshipsreflectsimilarvaluesandhabits

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)題干中的人名DavidBrooks可定位到第五段①句。該句雙引號

中提到對于負面的行為最好采取間接的方式解決，將注意力redirec儼引導(dǎo)”到不同

的、積極的行為中。C項中的shift一詞與文中的redirect一詞對應(yīng)，其他內(nèi)容都符

合原文，故C項為正確選項。

15、Themostappropriatetitleofthistextwouldbe.

ANHOWFriendshipMakesYouMoreSuccessful

B、HowFriendshipEndsYourBadBehaviors

C^HowFriendshipliftsYoutoAHigherLevel

D、HowFriendshipBringsYouStrongerWillpower

標準答案：A

知識點解析：這是一道主旨題，考查對全文中心和主題的概括能力。當(dāng)然，文章處

處都在為主題服務(wù)；即便如此，一頭一尾依然是最能點出和升華主題的部分。文章

開門見山，第一段的末尾就點出“建立友誼比孤軍奮戰(zhàn)更能帶來成功”，縮略而言便

是友誼帶來成功。而在文章最后一段最后一句更是再次升華和重申主旨，點出友誼

不僅帶來成功，更能帶來快樂。然而，綜合考慮文章主體部分，“快樂”的含義并未

觸及，主要還是在于改變惡習(xí)、提升自我層次，重點依然在于“成功因而最恰當(dāng)

的標題應(yīng)為A項。

There'snoquestionthatfutureleaderswillneedconstantcoaching.Asthebusiness

environmentbecomesmorecomplex,theywillincreasinglyturntocoachesforhelpin

understandinghowtoact.ThekindofcoachesIamtalkingaboutwilldomorethan

influencebehaviors;theywillbeanessentialpartoftheleader'slearningprocess,

providingknowledge,opinions,andjudgmentincriticalareas.Thesecoacheswillbe

retiredCEOsorotherexpertsfromuniversities,thinktanks,andgovernment.Clearly,

thisisnotadescriptionofwhatmostcoachesdotoday.Whatwethinkofascoachingis

generallyaservicetomiddlemanagersprovidedbyentrepreneurswithabackgroundin

consulting,psychology,orhumanresources.Thiskindofcoachingbecamepopularover

thepastfiveyearsbecausecompanieslacedashortageoftalentandwereconcerned

aboutturnoveramongkeyemployees.Firmswantedtosignaltheircommitmentto

developingtheirhigh-potentialexecutives,sotheyhiredcoaches.Meanwhile,

businesspeopleneededtodevelopnotjustquantitativecapabilitiesbutalsopeople-

orientedskills,andmanycoachesarehelpfulforthatAscoachinghasbecomemore

common,anydisgraceattachedtoreceivingitattheindividuallevelhasdisappeared.

Now,itisoftenconsideredabadgeofhonor.Thecoachingindustrywillremain

fragmenteduntilafewpartnershipsbuildabrand,collectexcellentpeople,weedout

thosewhoarenotsogood,andcreateareputationforoutstandingwork.Somecoaching

groupsareevolvinginthisdirection,butmostarestillsmallfirmsspecializingin,for

example,administeringandinterpreting360-degreeevaluations.Togetbeyondthisevel,

theindustrybadlyneedsaleaderwhocandefinetheprofessionandcreateaseriousfirm

inthewaythatMarvinBowerdidwhenheinventedthemodemprofessional

managementconsultancyintheformofMcKinsey&Company.Abigproblemthat

tomorrow'sprofessionalcoachingfirmmustresolveisthedifficultyofmeasuring

performance,asthecoachesthemselvespointoutinthesurvey.I'mawareofnoresearch

thathasfollowedcoachedexecutivesoverlongperiods;mostoftheevidencearound

effectivenessremainsunproved.Mysenseisthatthepositivestoriesoutnumberthe

negativeones-butastheindustrymatures,coachingfirmswillneedtobeableto

demonstratehowtheybringaboutchange,aswellasofferaclearmethodologyfor

measuringresults.Despitetherecession,Iagreewithmostsurveyrespondentsthatthe

demandforcoachingwillnotcontractinthelongterm.Thebigdevelopingeconomies

aregoingtohaveatremendousappetiteforitbecausemanagementthereisvery

youthful.Universitygraduatesarecomingintojobsat23yearsoldandfindingthattheir

bossesareallof25,withtheexperiencetomatch.

16>Accordingtothefirst