小升初專項第二講冠詞（學(xué)生版）

課程主題第3講——冠詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)了解冠詞的使用規(guī)則教學(xué)內(nèi)容【課前檢測】根據(jù)下列首字母提示，完成下文Lateintheafternoon,theboysputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.Assoonasthiswasdone,theycookedameal1.oanopenfire.Theywereallhungryandthefoodsmeltgood.Aftera2.wmeal,theytoldstoriesandsangsongsbythecampfire.Butsometimelateritbegantorain.Theboysfelttiredsotheyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.Theirsleepingbagswerewarmand3.c,sotheyallsleptsoundly.Inthemiddleofthenight,twoboyswokeupandbegan4.s.Thetentwasfullofwater!Theyallleaptoutoftheirsleepingbagsand5.houtside.Itwasraining6.handtheyfoundthatastreamhad7.finthefield.Thestreamwounditsway8.athefieldandthenflowedrightundertheirtent!1.o___________2.w___________3.c___________4.s___________5.h___________6.h___________7.f___________8.a___________

【課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)】1.Afirehadbrokenoutandcausedmuchtotheroof.A.death B.accident C.damage D.problem2.Nowthatproblemissolved,whynothaveabreak?Whatnice______?excuseB.attitudeC.resultD.advice3.______theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare______teachers.

A.Anumberof;women

B.Anumberof;woman

C.Thenumberof;women

D.Thenumberof;woman4.Youshoulddomore____.Don”talwaysbeatthedeskdoingyour_____.A.exercise,exercisesB.exercises,exercisesC.exercise,exerciseD.exercises,exerciseTakingawalkaftersupperisoftoallofus.muchhelpB.manyhelpC.greathelpingD.Helpful6.Thesegirlswillbeewhentheygraduatefrommedicalcollege.A.womandoctorsB.women’sdoctorsC.womendoctorsD.mendoctors7.PleaseshowmeyourticketsandIwillleadyoutoyour___________.(sit)8.Jackyhappenedtomeethisoldfriendonhiswaytoa___________panythismorning.(remove)9.Thefansallfeltverysadaboutthe____________ofthefamousactor.(dead)10.Thepolicebroughttheinnocentpeopleto___________andtheycaughtthecriminalatlast.(save)【知識點梳理】冠詞 【知識點一】冠詞概述及不定冠詞的用法（一）冠詞概述1．冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。2．冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種：不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，通常帶有“一”、“某一”、“一種”的含義；定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。（二）a和an的區(qū)別1．不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。例如：aboy,auniversity,aEuropean（歐洲的）country;anhour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella（三）不定冠詞的用法1、不定冠詞用來表示“一”這個數(shù)量，意思和one差不多：

例如，a.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一天建成的。

b.Hewillbebackinadayortwo.他將在一至兩天內(nèi)返回。

說明：這種用法在表示重量、長度、時間等的詞組中特別普遍。例如：apairofsocks,ahundred,twoyuanametre,eighthoursaday,twiceaweek,acupoftea.2、泛指某一類人、事或物，這是不定冠詞的基本用法。例：Agrammarbookisnecessarytoalanguagelearner.對語言學(xué)習(xí)者來說，語法書是很必要的。Ahouseisausefulanimal.3、泛指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或何物。例如，Amanislookingforyou.4、表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every例如，Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天課。5、用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已經(jīng)有三本書，我想買第四本。6、用在某些固定詞組中：alot(of)許多，大量；afterawhile過一會兒；havearest（休息）；havealook（瞧瞧）；haveagoodtime（過得開心）；takeashower（淋?。?；takeabreak（休息）；takeabath（洗澡）；getacold（患感冒）；getafever（發(fā)燒）；makealiving（謀生）；inamoment（過一會兒）；【例1】Therewillbe_____interviewbetweenthemanagerandhisassistantsthisafternoon. A.an B.a C.the D./【例2】Canyousee_____oneeyedcowin_____field?A.an,the B.a,the C./,the D.a,a【例3】CanIhave______lookatthephotoofyourpenfriend.A.aB.anC./D.the【例4】Thereis_____“n”and_____“u”inthewordnumber.A.a,aB.an,aC.a,anD.an,an【例5】—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?—Iwanttobe________pilot.Itis________excitingjob.A.a,aB.a,anC.the,anD.a,the【知識點二】定冠詞的用法1、特指某(些)人或某(些)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法。例如，Theblueshirtismine.藍(lán)襯衫是我的。Wherearetheotherstudents?其他學(xué)生在哪兒？2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。例如：Openthewindow,please.請打開窗戶。3、指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。例如：Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有一輛小汽車，它是紅色的。4、指世界上獨一無二的事物。例如：Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?哪一個大，太陽還是地球？5、用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前。例如：Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.第一課是這本書最簡單的一課。6、用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。例如，theUnitedStates美國7、用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類人。例如:thepoor窮人,theblind盲人8、用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。例如：theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻倆9、用在方位詞前。例如:ontheleft在左邊，inthemiddleof在中間10、用在樂器名稱前。例如：Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她每天彈鋼琴。11、用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國家和黨派等名詞前。例如：theBlackSea黑海，theYangziRiver長江12、用在某些固定詞組中：allthesame仍然；allthetime一直；atthemoment此刻；atthesametime同時；bytheway順便說；dotheshopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上；intheopenair在戶外，在野外【例1】Chineseisoneof________'mostbeautifullanguagesintheworld.A.The,theB./,theC.the,/D./,/【例2】girlwithatoyinherhandismylittlesister.A.A B.An C.The D./【例3】Theoldladyteacheschildrentoplay______pianoataweekendschool.A.a B.an C.the D.／【例4】Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomethingfor______oldatweekends.A.aB.anC.theD./【例5】Somepeoplethinkthatrobotswilltake_______placeofhumanbeings.A.aB.theC./D.an【知識點三】零冠詞一、零冠詞的用法1、在專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如，Tian’anMenSquare天安門廣場，2、可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語的物主代詞(my，your，his，her等)、指示代詞(this/these，that/those)、不定代詞(some，any等)及所有格限制時。例如mybook(正)；mythebook(誤)3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如：a.Theyareteachers.他們是老師。b.Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜歡吃肉4、在星期，月份，季節(jié)，節(jié)日前:例如：onSunday在周日，inMarch在三月，inspring在春天，onWomen’sDay在婦女節(jié)(特例：如果月份，季節(jié)等被一個限定性定語修飾時，則要加定冠詞：HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季參軍。)5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前。例如：Tom湯姆，Mum媽媽6、在學(xué)科名稱，三餐飯和球類運動名稱前。例如：Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.特例：當(dāng)football，basketball指具體的某個球時，其前可以用冠詞：Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。Where’sthefootball？那只足球在哪兒？(指足球，并非“球類運動”)7、在表特定的公園，街道，車站，橋，學(xué)校等之前。例如：No.25MiddleSchool8、某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。(1)與by連用的交通工具名稱前：bybus乘公共汽車；bycar乘汽車；bybike騎/坐自行車；bytrain乘火車；byair/plane乘飛機；bysea/ship乘船，但takeabus，inaboat，onthebike前需用冠詞(2)名詞詞組：dayandnight日日夜夜；brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour時時刻刻；hereandthere到處(3)介詞詞組：athome在家；insurprise驚奇地；atnoon在中午;onfoot步行；atnight在晚上；onduty值日；atwork在工作；ontime準(zhǔn)時；forexample例如；inclass在上課；onshow展覽；inbed在床上(4)go短語：gohome回家；gotobed上床睡覺；gotoschool去上學(xué)；gotowork去上班；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚二、用與不用冠詞的差異1.inhospital住院/inthehospital在醫(yī)院里2.infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(內(nèi)部的)前面3.takeplace發(fā)生/taketheplace(of)代替4.gotoschool上學(xué)/gototheschool到學(xué)校去5.nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年6.ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家(一人)/ateacherandawriter一位教師和一位作家(兩人)【例1】Iprefergoingby_____seatogoingin_________train.A./,/B./,theC./,aD.the,a【例2】Myfriend,Harry,hisfavoritesportisplaying______golf.A.aB.anC.the D./【例3】Mygrandpausedtohave______walkinthegardenafter____supper.A.a,a B./,a C.a,/ D./,/【例4】—WhereisJack?—Ithinkheisstillin______bed,buthemightjustbein______bathroom.A./,/B.the,theC.the,/D./,the【例5】Danny'sgrandmotherisillin______hospital.He'llgotheretoseeherafterschool.A.anB.theC.aD./【課堂練習(xí)】選擇題1.Southword,aseasidetowninEngland,has________historyofmorethanthirteencenturies.A./B.aC.anD.the2.Manycollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.the…theB./…/C./…theD.the…/3.Ifwewanttostayhealthy,weshouldhavethreemeals_____day.Andit’simportantforustohave____goodbreakfasteverymorning.A.the,theB.a,aC.a,theD.a,/4.Mr.Blackdidn’tgotoworkyesterdaybecausehewasillin__________bed.A.aB.anC.theD./5.Everybodyknowsthat______YellowRiveris______secondlongestriverinourcountry.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the7..Theoldladyteacheschildrentoplay_______violinataweekendschool.A.aB.anC.theD./8.Thesignreads"Incaseof____fire,breaktheglassandpush_______redbutton."/;aB./;theC.the;theD.a;aMr.Rogers,_______chairmanoftheconference,willbein______chargeoftheopeningceremonyspeech,too.A.the,/B./,theC./,/D.the,the10.Thefisherman’swifesaidshewantedtobe___________mayorofthecity.aB.anC.theD./閱讀理解AATriptotheForestOnedayBobtooktwoofhisfriendsintothemountains.Theyputuptheirtents(帳篷)andthenrodeofftoaforesttoseehowthetreesweregrowing.Intheafternoonwhentheywereabouttenkilometersfromtheircamp(營地),itstartedtosnow.Moreandmoresnowfell.SoonBobcouldhardlyseehishandsbeforehisface.Hecouldnotfindtheroad.Bobknewthereweretworoads.Oneroadwenttothecamp,andtheotherwenttohishouse.Butallwaswhitesnow.Everythingwasthesame.Howcouldhetakehisfriendsbacktothecamp?Bobhadanidea.Thehorses!Letthehorsestakethemback!Butwhatwouldhappenifthehorsestooktheroadtohishouse?Thatwouldbeatripofthirtyfivekilometresinsuchcoldweather!Itwasgettinglate.Theyrodeonandon.Atlastthehorsesstopped.Wherewerethey?Noneofthemcouldtell.Johnlookedaround.Whatwasthatunderthetree?Itwasoneoftheirtents!（）1.Johnandhistwofriendswenttotheforestto____.A.buildtheircampB.findtheirwayhomeC.enjoythemountainsinthesnowD.watchthetreesintheforest（）2.Theycouldnotfindtheirwaybackbecause____.A.therewasonlyoneroadtotheircampB.theycouldn'tdecidewhichofthetworoadsledtotheirtentsC.therewerenoroadsinthemountainsatallD.everythingwascoveredbythewhitesnow（）3.Itisclearthattheywantedthehorsestotakethemto____.A.John'shouseB.thecampC.theforestD.themountains（）4.Thehorsesstoppedbecause____.A.itwasgettinglateB.theyweretiredafterrunningforalongwayC.theyknewthattheyhadgottothecampD.theyhadseenJohn'shouse（）5.Thestoryhappened____.A.onacoldwinterdayB.onadarksnowyeveningC.inacoldcampfarfromvillagesD.atnightwhennothingcouldbeseenBDoyouknow__1__piecesofpaperyouuseeveryyear?Maybeyouranswerisalot.Doyouknowwhatpapercanbemadefrom?Ofcourse,youknowitismainlymadefromwood.Intheworldtodaymoreandbetterpaper__2__madeandpaperisused__3__moreandmorekindsofways.__4__weallknow,paperiswidelyusedforbooks,newspapers,letters,etc.Andpaperisverygoodforkeepingpeoplewarm.Nowpeopleusepapertomakemanythings,suchaspapercups,plates,chairs,tables,beds,shoes,hats,raincoats,houses,etc.Andinthefuture,youwillprobably__5__abletoseethatcars,trains,planesandmanyotherthingswillbemadeofpaper.()1. A.howmuch B.howmany C.howlot D.howfew()2. A.was B.is C.were D.are()3. A.on B.under C.in D.to()4. A.as B.As C.When D.when()5. A.tobe B.be C.to D.and【課堂回顧】【課后作業(yè)】I.Fillintheblankswithproperwordsaccordingtothephoneticsymbols.（5分）1.Thereisareading________betweenClassOneandClassThree./k?mp?'t??n/2.Aisabuildingwherehomelesspeoplecansleep.['?elt?(r)]3.Peopleincold___________livelonger.['e?r??]4.Helaydownandwasasleep____________[??mi:di?tli]

5.Thelittleboy________hismotherbythearmtightly./h??ldz/II.Choice.(選擇題)Findthewordwithadifferentsound.foodB.footC.classroomD.bookThesportsmeetingwasheld_____December,2012.inB.onC.ofD.atHavingapicnicintheparkinspringismuch_____.funnyB.funC.funnerD.funnierIhaveboughtmanyapples.Youcantake____ifyoulike.littleB.alittleC.afewD.fewThingsgot_____afterhespentallthemoneyhismothergavehim.Hefeltverysad.goodB.betterC.worseD.badlySusanspeaksEnglish_____John.sofluentlyasB.asfluentasC.morefluentthanD.muchmorefluentlythanMyfather____onbusinessfortwoweeks.Hewillbebackintwodays.leftB.hasleftC.hasgoneD.hasbeenawayThere____ameetinginthehalltomorrowafternoon.isgoingtohaveB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveD.willbehaveHurryup,Tom.Youmaytake_____ofthebusesoverthere.eitherB.bothC.eachD.allWouldyoulikemetobringyouacupofcoffee?______?A.Yes,I’dliketoB.It’sapleasureC.Yes,pleaseD.Itdoesn’tmatter11.Doesitmakeabig_____toyourgrades?A.difference

B.different

C.differences

D.moredifferent12.Howoftendoyoudrinkmilk?Idrinkit______.A.fourtimeaday

B.fourtimesaday

C.fourtimesofaday

D.fourtimeeveryday13.Eatingfruitsandvegetables______goodforour______.A.are,health

B.are,healthy

C.

is,healthy

D.is,health14.Theresultof____mathtestisgood.A.thestudents

B.thestudents’

C.thestudent’s

D.student’s15.Tomstudiesvery_____,buthisbrotherTony_____studies.A.hardly,hardly

B.hard,hardlyC.hard,had

D.hardly,hard16.Who'sthat?IsitLucy______Lily?A.or

B.and

C.but

D.for17.Whosebagisthis?Ithinkit's_________.A.Jim's

B.Jim

C.Jims'

D.Jim’sof18.That'shiswatch.Giveitto______,please.A.he

B.him

C.his

D.he’s19.Ihaveanewbike.______bikeisunderthetree.A.The

B.A

C.An

D.不填20.Parisisthecapitalof__________．A．theUSAB．theUK

C．France

D．AustraliaIII.Fillintheblankwithaproperword.(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Fromnowon,think_______beforesayingstupidthings.(two)It’sautumnand____arefallingdownfromthetrees.(leaf)Ineducatingourchildren,weshouldhelp____understandthings,notpumpthingsin.(they)Hesingsterribly.Hisdancingismuch______.(terrible)It’sabouttwenty____walkfromheretothenearestdepartmentstore.(minute)Putthe_____foodintothefridge.(freeze)Ittakes_____timetogotherebyundergroundthanbybus.(little)Thisismyfirst_____soIfeelexcited.(fly)The____snacksmadeCathyfeelsickawholeyear.(health)IV.改寫句子。Selinadidn’thaveanyclassesthismorning.(保持句意不變)Selina_________________classesthismorning.market,the,little,selling,my,when,began,mother,was,in,I,flowers(連詞成句)______________________________________________________________________________putershaveplayedaveryimportantpartinourdailylife.(改為感嘆句)______________________________________________________________________________Fewpeopleknewthisword.(改為反義疑問句)Fewpeopleknewthisword,_________________?Thereare3piecesofbreadonthetable.(對劃線部分提問)_________________bread______________onthetable.TheladyunderthetreeismyEnglishteacher.(對劃線部分提問)_________________isyourEnglishteacher.V.將下列單詞或短語填入空格，每個單詞或短語只能用一次。A.theotherB.fastC.wellD.leftE.takenF.anotherG.andBrianraninCentralParkeverymorning.Healwaystookafivedollarbillwithhiminhispocket.Afterrunningheboughthimselfacupofcoffeeandahamburger.Oneday__1__runnerknockedintohim.Forafewmomentshedidn’tthinkaboutit.Hefeltforhisfivedollarbillinhispocket.Itwasn’tthere!Thatmanhad__2__it!Themanwasonly30metresfaraway.Brianranafterhim,hithimandsaid,“Givemethemoney!”Themansaid,OK!Juststaycool!Takeiteasy!”ThenthemangaveBrianafivedollarbill.Thenthemanranawayas__3__ashecould!Brianfeltreallygood___4__rantotheshop.Heboughthimselfacoffeeandahamburger.Thenheranhome.Hiswifewaswaitingforhim.Shesaid,“Oh,dear!Youhavehadabadmorning,haven’tyou?”“No!why?I’vehadaverygoodmorning!”“really?Butyou__5__yourfivedollarbillonthetable!”VI.Readthepassageandchoosethebestanswer.(讀短文并進行選擇。)OneafternoonIwassittingatmyfavoritetableinarestaurant,waitingforthefoodIhadorderedtoarrive.SuddenlyInoticedthatamansittingatatablenearthewindowkeptlookinginmydirection,asifheknewme.Themanhadanewspaperopeninfrontofhim,whichhewaspretending(假裝)toread,butIcouldseethathewaskeepinganeyeonme.Thenthewaiterbroughtmemyfood.Themanwasclearlypuzzled(困惑)whenthewaiterandIbegantochatwitheachother.Heseemedevenmorepuzzledastimewentonanditbecamepossiblethatallthewaitersintherestaurantknewme.Finallyhegotupandwentintothekitchen.Whenhecameout,hepaidhisbillandleftwithoutanotherglanceinmydirection.

Icalledtheowneroftherestaurantandaskedwhatthemanhad

wanted.“Well,”hesaid,“thatmanwasadetective(偵探).Hefollowedyouherebecausehethoughtyouwerethemanhewaslookingfor.”“What?”Isaid,showingmysurprise.Theownercontinued,“Hecameintothekitchenandshowedmeaphotoofthewantedman.Icansayhelookedverymuchlikeyou!Ofcourse,sinceweknowyou,wetoldhimthathehadmadeamistake.”“Well,it’sreallyluckyIcametoarestaurantwhereI’mknown,”Isaid.“Otherwise,Imighthavebeenintrouble.”Thestoryhappened________.inarestaurantB.atatableC.inthekitchenD.outsidearestaurantThemannearthewindowwas_________________.readinganewspaperB.lookingatmesecretlyC.chattingwiththewaiterD.waitingforthefoodThemanwaspuzzledtosee__________________.A.myfoodwasbroughtquicklyB.allthecustomersknewmewellC.IwaspopularwithallthewaitersD.IwasplayingjokeswiththeownerThemanfollowedmeintotherestaurantbecause__________.A.helikedmeverymuchB.hethoughtIwasthewantedmanC.Ilookedlikeoneofhisfriends.D.hewantedtomakefriendswithme.Ifelt_______whenIwastoldthetruth.excitedB.angryC.sadD.surprisedThemanlefttherestaurant__________.assoonashefinishedhisfoodB.afterhereadthenewspaperC.afterhetalkedwiththeownerD.assoonashegotthephotoVII讀短文并回答問題。John,DavidandJameswerethreebrothers.Everyyearontheirmother'sbirthday,theysentherexpensivepresents.Theylikedtoshowherhowrichtheywere.

Theoldestbrother,John,decidedtogivehismotheraperfect(完美)presentthisyear.Hethoughtitmustbemoreexpensivethanhisbrothers’.Soheputanadvertisement(廣告)inthenewspapers:WantedThePerfectPresentForARichWoman.Formanydayspeoplephonedhimfromalloverthecountry.Eachofthemwantedtosellhim"theperfectpresent".ButJohndidn'tlikeanyofthematall.

Then,lessthanaweekbeforehismother'sbirthday,amancametohisoffice.Hewascarryingacagewithalargebirdinit."Thisbird,"themansaid,"canspeakt