2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能練18Understandingeachother含解析牛津譯林版

PAGE3-課時(shí)提能練(十八)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·太原模擬)EverydaywhenGlenOliverordershismorningcoffeeatthedrive-throughwindowofalocalcafe，heinsistsonpayingfortheorderofthepersonbehindhim.Healsoaskstherestaurantworkerstotellthecustomertohaveagreatday，incasethey'renotalreadyhavingone.OliverhasnevermadeabigdealoutofhisowngenerousactionsuntilaletterwaspublishedbyanewswebsiteinNovember.Hefoundoutthathehadnotjustboughtsomeonehisbreakfast—hehadsavedalife.Accordingtothewebsite，someonehadwrittenaletterstatingthatonJuly18th，hewasplanningoncommittingsuicide.Thewritersaidthatwhilehewasatthedrive-throughwindow，hewasplanningongoinghome，writinganoteandendinghislife.Whenhewenttopayforhiscoffeeandmuffin，however，thecashiertoldhimthatthemanintheSUVinfrontofhimhadpickedupthetabandtoldhimtohaveagreatday.“Iwonderedwhysomeonewouldbuycoffeeforastrangerfornoreason，”saidthewriter.“Whyme？Whytoday？IfIwereareligiousman，Iwouldtakethisasasign.Thisrandomactofkindnesswasdirectedatmeonthisdayforapurpose.”Whenthewriterarrivedhome，hecouldn'tholdbackhistearsandstartedtothinkaboutthesimplegooddeedthathadaffectedhimsodeeply.“Idecidedatthatmomenttochangemyplansforthedayanddosomethingniceforsomeone.Iendeduphelpinganeighbortakegroceriesoutofhercarandintothehouse.”Thewritersaidthatinthemonthsfollowingthatfatefulevent，hedoesatleastonekindthingforotherseveryday.“TothenicemanintheSUV，thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.Pleaseknowyourkindgesturehastrulysavedalife，”hesaid.“OnJuly18，2024，Ihadthegreatestday.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。GlenOliver在得來速買咖啡時(shí)總習(xí)慣為下一位顧客付錢，沒想到他的善舉挽救了一個(gè)打算自殺的人的生命。這個(gè)打算自殺的人打算付錢時(shí)，得知有人已經(jīng)為他付過錢了，他深受感動(dòng)，放棄了自殺的念頭，確定做一個(gè)和善的樂于助人的人。1．WhatisOliver'sactofkindnesseveryday?A．Buyingothersbreakfast.B．Greetingrestaurantworkers.C．Publishingpositivenews.D．Takinggroceriesforneighbors.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“EverydaywhenGlenOliverordershismorningcoffeeatthedrive-throughwindowofalocalcafe，heinsistsonpayingfortheorderofthepersonbehindhim”可知，GlenOliver每天早晨買咖啡時(shí)都為下一位顧客付錢，故A項(xiàng)正確。]2．WhatisspecialaboutOliver'sactofkindnessonJuly18，2024?A．Itbroughthimthank-youletters.B．Itwasreportedonanewswebsite.C．Itwasthefirsttimehe'dpaidforothers.D．Itstoppedsomeonefromkillinghimself.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段尾句“Hefoundoutthathehadnotjustboughtsomeonehisbreakfast—hehadsavedalife”并結(jié)合本文最終一句“OnJuly18，2024，Ihadthegreatestday”可知，2024年7月18日對(duì)Oliver來說是特殊的一天，因?yàn)槟翘焖炀攘艘粋€(gè)打算自殺的人的生命，故D項(xiàng)正確。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pickedupthetab”meaninParagraph3?A．Paidthebill. B．Parkedthecar.C．Leftamessage. D．Orderedadrink.A[詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Iwonderedwhysomeonewouldbuycoffeeforastrangerfornoreason”可知，那個(gè)打算自殺的人思索，為什么會(huì)有人無理由地給生疏人買咖啡；結(jié)合該句“Whenhewenttopayforhiscoffeeandmuffin，however，thecashiertoldhimthatthemanintheSUVinfrontofhimhadpickedupthetabandtoldhimtohaveagreatday”可知，當(dāng)他打算付錢時(shí)，收銀員告知他坐在SUV里的那個(gè)人已經(jīng)為他付過錢了，并祝他有美妙的一天；據(jù)此可以推斷，畫線詞意為“付錢”，故A項(xiàng)正確。]4．Howdidthewriteroftheletterfeelaftertheevent?A．Hefeltguilty. B．Hefeltgrateful.C．Hefeltconfused. D．Hefeltsaddened.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段其次句“TothenicemanintheSUV，thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.Pleaseknowyourkindgesturehastrulysavedalife”可知，那個(gè)打算自殺的人誠心感謝那個(gè)坐在SUV里的和善的人，感謝他的和善挽救了他的生命，故B項(xiàng)正確。]B(2024·長春質(zhì)檢)Nexttimeyougoshopping，keepinmindthattheremaybehiddencamerasanalyzingyourhabits.Accordingtoa2015surveyof150managersfromComputerServicesCorporation，aquarterofBritishshopsusefacialrecognitionsoftwaretocollectdataonshopperbehavior.Withconcernsthatface-recognitioncameras“arekindofinvasive(侵?jǐn)_的)”，BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流量)—byfilmingpeople'sshoes.Thetechnologycancollectalargeamountofpersonalinformation.“Wehavecamerasat50cmoffthegroundandtheypointdownsotheyarelessinvasivethanfacialrecognition，”DuncanMann，Hoxton'sofficersaid.Asmoderncitiesgetfuller—70percentofthepopulationwillliveinurbanareasby2050—camerasandothertechnologiesaretakingoverpublicspacesandcollectingourdata.Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe，provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes.Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隱私)isconcerned.“Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering，”saidRenateSamson.Webegingivingawaydataassoonaswewakeup.Whenweenterthetransportsystem，wearegivingawayevenmoredetailsaboutourselvesthroughsmartcards，mobilephonesorcreditcards.NickMillman，directorataconsultingfirmthinksstatisticsarethekeytotheprivacyconcern.HeusedtheexampleofGoogleMaps，whichistomonitortheflowoftrafficinStockholm.Heexplained，“Itisbasicallyaddingprivacycontrolstostatisticssothatyouonlyseethedatayouneedtoknowabout.”Inthiscase，Googlegetsenoughdatatoimprovetrafficbutnotsomuchthatitshowsindividualjourneypatterns.【語篇解讀】本文主要探討了在現(xiàn)代生活中，人們對(duì)于個(gè)人信息以科技途徑流失的狀況的擔(dān)憂和可能的解決方法。5．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Anintroductiontocollectingshoppers'data.B．Theconcernsaboutgivingawaypersonaldata.C．Theproblemscausedbyimbalanceddistributionofpopulation.D．Aninventionrecordingandcollectingcustomers'information.B[主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Accordingtoa2015surveyof150managersfromComputerServicesCorporation，aquarterofBritishshopsusefacialrecognitionsoftwaretocollectdataonshopperbehavior”并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是對(duì)于泄露個(gè)人信息這一問題的擔(dān)憂，故選B。]6．ThenewtechnologyinventedbyHoxtonAnalytics.A．cangatheralotofpeople'spersonaldatafromtheirshoesB．usescamerasfittedonthegroundtocollectcustomers'dataC．hasimprovedtheaccuracyoffacialrecognitionsoftwareD．offersaperfectsolutiontocustomers'privacyconcernsA[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句和其次句“Withconcernsthatface-recognitioncameras‘a(chǎn)rekindofinvasive(侵?jǐn)_的)’，BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流量)—byfilmingpeople'sshoes.Thetechnologycancollectalargeamountofpersonalinformation”可知，HoxtonAnalytics公司所獨(dú)創(chuàng)的新技術(shù)通過分析客人的鞋子而收集他們的個(gè)人信息，故選A。]7．Accordingtotheauthor，camerasinmoderncities．A．causeahugewasteofpublicspacesB．helpreducethesizeofpopulationinurbanareasC．a(chǎn)relikelytohelpimprovetrafficconditionsD．a(chǎn)retoavoidcrimesanddisastersandprovideefficientservicesD[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe，provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes”可知，作者認(rèn)為攝像頭在現(xiàn)代城市應(yīng)用是為了避開犯罪、災(zāi)難并供應(yīng)有效服務(wù)，故選D。]8．WhatisRenateSamson'sattitudetowardtheriseofsmartcities?A．Worried. B．Optimistic.C．Confused. D．Uninterested.A[觀點(diǎn)看法題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隱私)isconcerned”可推知，RenateSamson對(duì)于智能城市的增加是很擔(dān)憂的，這與本段最終一句“‘Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering，’saidRenateSamson”呼應(yīng)，故選A。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·江西名校檢測(cè))Fromayoungage,myparentshavetaughtmetheimportanceofgivinggenerouslytothelessfortunate.Outof1，wheneverthereissomethingIcan2，Igiveittosomeoneonthestreets.Lastweek,3Ileftthehousetorunafewerrands(差事)，Icarriedwithmesomeoldclothes,somefoodandahandbagtohandovertosomeone4.Asthecar5atatrafficsignal,Isawagirloffiveorsixaskingformoney.I6hertocometomeandquickly7allthethingsIhad.AsIstartedhandingthemover,sheseemed8．Shelookedupatmewithasweetsmileonherfaceandaskedwhatwasinthe9．Itoldherthereweresomeclothesandfoodforher.10shelookedupatmeandasked,“Canyougivemesomewater？”ItwasthenthatInoticedher11lips.Itseemedasifshehadnothadadropofwaterallday.I12mybottleofwaterthatIalwayscarriedwithmeandhelpedhertodrinkfromit.Shefinisheditquicklyandgavemeaheartwarmingsmileof13．IwasthankfulthatIcould14hersimplewish!Irealizedonceagainthatdaythatyoudon'tnecessarilyhavetomakebig15tohelpsomeone.Thisexperience16onceagainmybeliefinthe17actsofkindnessandhowtheycanmakesomeone's18.Thenexttimeyouwanttodosomethingniceforsomeone,don't19，waitingfortherightchance.20anddoit!【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了作者幫助一個(gè)女孩的故事以及由此產(chǎn)生的一些感悟。1．A.respect B．habitC．sympathy D．kindnessB[上文作者提到從小父母就教化自己要對(duì)不幸的人慷慨解囊，所以此處指出于習(xí)慣(habit)。respect“敬重”；sympathy“憐憫心”。]2．A.afford B．getC．spare D．serveC[出于習(xí)慣，每當(dāng)有可以供應(yīng)(給別人)的東西的時(shí)候，作者就會(huì)把它送給流浪街頭的人。故選spare“(尤指不會(huì)造成不便或損失地)供應(yīng)，賜予”。]3．A.as B．untilC．once D．beforeA[上星期，當(dāng)作者離開家去辦差事的時(shí)候，作者帶了一些舊衣服、食物和一個(gè)手提包去送給一些貧困的人。依據(jù)語境可知，應(yīng)選as。]4．A.needy B．sickC．disabled D．sadA[參見上題解析。needy意為“缺食物(錢)的，貧困的”。]5．A.parked B．staredC．turned D．pausedD[依據(jù)語境可知，此處指的是車停在了交通信號(hào)燈處。故選pause“暫停，停頓”。]6．A.phoned B．signaledC．a(chǎn)dvised D．a(chǎn)llowedB[依據(jù)語境可知，此處是指作者招手示意(signaled)女孩過來。]7．A.threw B．fetchedC．packed D．collectedD[女孩過來后，作者把自己放在車?yán)锏囊路褪澄锟焖偈占?collected)在一起。]8．A.ashamed B．upsetC．embarrassed D．a(chǎn)stonishedD[依據(jù)語境及下文女孩問問題可以推知，女孩很驚訝(astonished)。ashamed“羞愧的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”。]9．A.car B．bagC．bottle D．clothesB[依據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者出門時(shí)帶的東西有衣服、食物和手提包。所以作者這里應(yīng)是把衣服和食物裝在包(bag)里送給她。]10．A.Then B．NextC．Again D．ButC[依據(jù)空后的“shelookedupatmeandasked”以及上文中的“Shelookedupatmewithasweetsmileonherfaceandasked”可知，此處應(yīng)是指女孩再一次(Again)抬起頭來看作者并問問題。]11．A.dirty B．paleC．thick D．d