陜西省咸陽(yáng)市2025屆高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省咸陽(yáng)市2025屆高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATexasisastaterichinattractionsforfamilies,fromdinosaurtrackstoearlysettlements.HerearefourhotelsthatprovideeasyaccesstothebestofwhatTexasoffers.LaPalmilla,GlenRoseLaPalmillaisaboutique(精品)hotelinthetownofGlenRose.Withbrightandwhitewashedrooms,thehotelofferstwoandthree-bedroomsequippedwithlivinganddiningareasandfullkitchens.NearbyDinosaurValleyStateParkfeaturespreserveddinosaurfootprintsfromtheCretaceousAge,visibleintheriverbed.Canoeingandfishingarealsoallowedintheriver.HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPasoSinceitsopeningin1912,HotelPasoDelNortehashostedmanynotableguests,includingmoviestarsandformerpresidents.Thehistoriclobby,withitsblue-greencolored-glassdomeandwalls,isamust-see.RoomsfacingtheFranklinMountainsofferbreathtakingviews.Familiescanenjoyvisitingthefarmersmarket,andanotherhighlightisnearbyWhiteSandNationalPark,wherekidscansleddownsoftdunes(沙丘).AlbertHotel,FredericksburgTheAlbertHotel,locatedinTexasHillCountry,isacozy105-roomhotelwhichcombineshistoriccharmwithmodernconstruction.Familieswillenjoytheinvitingroomsandon-siteartisanalmarket.Anotherhighlightisthehotel’sapproachtothePioneerMuseum,whichprovidesaglimpseintothetown’searlydaysasaGermansettlement.FourSeasons,HoustonTheFourSeasonsHotelHoustonwith404-roomispopularamongfamiliesforitsattentiontodetailandservice.Thehotelfeatureschildren’sfacilitiesandtwoTop-golfgamesimulator(模擬器)areasonthefirstfloor.AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter,justbeyondthecitylimits,offersachancetotouranastronauttrainingfacilityusedduringtheApollomissions.1.WhatcanfamiliesdonearbyLaPalmillainGlenRose?A.VisitaGermansettlement. B.Viewdinosaurfootprints.C.TourtheApollomissions. D.Viewthefarmersmarket.2.WhatmakesHotelPasoDelNorteinElPasofamous?A.Historiccharmandmodernconstruction. B.Children’sfacilitiesandfarmersmarket.C.Historiclobbywithstained-glassdome. D.AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter.3.Whichhotelisthebestchoiceforafamilyinterestedinspaceexploration?A.AlbertHotel,Fredericksburg. B.LaPalmilla,GlenRose.C.HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPaso. D.FourSeasons,Houston.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了德克薩斯州四家適合家庭入住的酒店，涵蓋其特色與周邊景點(diǎn)，為家庭游客提供出行參考?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LaPalmilla,GlenRose”部分中的“NearbyDinosaurValleyStateParkfeaturespreserveddinosaurfootprintsfromtheCretaceousAge,visibleintheriverbed.(附近的恐龍谷州立公園有保存完好的白堊紀(jì)恐龍腳印，在河床中清晰可見(jiàn)。)”可知，在格倫羅斯的拉帕爾米拉酒店附近，家庭游客可以觀看恐龍腳印。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPaso”部分中的“Sinceitsopeningin1912,HotelPasoDelNortehashostedmanynotableguests,includingmoviestarsandformerpresidents.Thehistoriclobby,withitsblue-greencolored-glassdomeandwalls,isamust-see.(自1912年開(kāi)業(yè)以來(lái)，帕索德?tīng)栔Z特酒店接待了許多知名客人，包括電影明星和前總統(tǒng)。具有藍(lán)綠色彩色玻璃圓頂和墻壁的歷史悠久的大堂是必看之處。)”可知，埃爾帕索的帕索德?tīng)栔Z特酒店因帶有彩色玻璃圓頂?shù)臍v史大堂而聞名。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“FourSeasons,Houston”部分中的“AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter,justbeyondthecitylimits,offersachancetotouranastronauttrainingfacilityusedduringtheApollomissions.(參觀位于城市邊界外的美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局約翰遜航天中心，為游客提供了一個(gè)參觀阿波羅任務(wù)期間使用的宇航員訓(xùn)練設(shè)施的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，對(duì)于對(duì)太空探索感興趣的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，休斯頓的四季酒店是最佳選擇，因?yàn)榭梢匀⒂^美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局約翰遜航天中心。故選D項(xiàng)。BWhenpianistZhangJialin,aprofessorattheCentralConservatoryofMusicinBeijing,wastaskedin2018withselectingpiecesfortheentranceexamforthemaster’sprograminvocalaccompaniment,hecameacrossahiddentreasure:artsongsbytheGermancomposerEllinorValesby(1894—1969).ThepieceswerecomposedusingChineseclassicalpoetry,andimmediatelysparkedZhang’sinterest.Artsongiswrittenforsolovoiceandpianoaccompaniment,andcombinespoetryandmusic.Oneofthepieces,Wave-washingSand:RainMurmursFromAcrosstheCurtain,basedonapoembyLiYu—thelastemperoroftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod—capturedZhang’simagination.“Iplayeditonthepianoandwasstruckbyitsbeauty,”hesays.“Themelodywasgraceful,theharmonywasdelicate,andtheoverallfeelingwassopoetic.Ithadaperfectlevelofdifficulty—nottooeasy,nortoohard—makingitidealfortheexam,and,moreimportantly,unfamiliarenoughtoensurefairnessforthecandidates.”AshedovedeeperintoValesby’sworkandtheworldofearlyChineseartsongs,heuncoveredamusicallandscapefullofforgottenmasterpieces.OnMarch8,heandhiswife,singerGanLulu,releasedtheirnewalbum,TreasuresFromthePastCentury.ItfeaturesnotonlycompositionsbyValesby,butalsobynotableChinesecomposers.ThecoupleperformedtracksfromthealbumattheNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsinBeijing,sharingtheirrediscovery.ZhangandGanhavebeentouringChinasinceJune2023,performingandpromotingthesongs.Theirconcertshavebeenmetwithgreatenthusiasm.“Manypeoplearehearingthesepiecesforthefirsttime,buttheyarecompletelyattractedandtheyletthemusictakethemonajourney,”Gansays.InbringingtheseearlyChineseartsongsbacktolife,ZhangandGanarenotjustbreathingnewlifeintoforgottenmusic—theyarereconnectinglistenerstoaculturalheritagethathaslongbeenoverlooked.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captured”inParagraph2mean?A.Lost. B.Caught. C.Created. D.Expressed.5.WhatwasthekeyreasonwhyZhangchoseWave-washingSandfortheentranceexam?A.Itsmelody. B.Itsdifficulty. C.Itspopularity. D.Itsunfamiliarity.6.WhatcanweknowaboutZhangJialinandGanLulu’sconcerts?A.Short-lived. B.Little-known. C.Well-received. D.New-fashioned.7.WhatisthemainpurposeofZhangJialinandGanLulu’swork?A.Tocreatenewartsongs. B.Togainmorereputation.C.Toreawakenforgottenmusic. D.Toshowtheirmusicaltalents.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了鋼琴家張佳林在為考試選曲時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了德國(guó)作曲家根據(jù)中國(guó)古典詩(shī)詞創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)歌曲。他與妻子甘璐璐發(fā)行專輯并巡回演出，推廣這些被遺忘的作品，讓聽(tīng)眾重連被忽視的文化遺產(chǎn)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前的“Oneofthepieces,Wave-washingSand:RainMurmursFromAcrosstheCurtain,basedonapoembyLiYu—thelastemperoroftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod(其中一首作品《浪淘沙?簾外雨潺潺》，是根據(jù)五代十國(guó)時(shí)期南唐末代皇帝李煜的一首詞改編的。)”以及第三段前兩句““Iplayeditonthepianoandwasstruckbyitsbeauty,”hesays.“Themelodywasgraceful,theharmonywasdelicate,andtheoverallfeelingwassopoetic.(“我用鋼琴?gòu)椬嗔怂?，被它的美所震撼，”他說(shuō)?！靶蓛?yōu)美，和聲細(xì)膩，整體感覺(jué)充滿詩(shī)意?！?”可知，這首曲子吸引了張佳林，讓他產(chǎn)生了興趣。所以“captured”意思與“caught(吸引)”相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Ithadaperfectlevelofdifficulty—nottooeasy,nortoohard—makingitidealfortheexam,and,moreimportantly,unfamiliarenoughtoensurefairnessforthecandidates.(它的難度恰到好處——既不太容易，也不太難——非常適合考試，更重要的是，它足夠陌生，以確保考生的公平性。)”可知，張佳林選擇《浪淘沙》作為入學(xué)考試曲目，關(guān)鍵原因是它的陌生性，這樣能保證考試的公平性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“ZhangandGanhavebeentouringChinasinceJune2023,performingandpromotingthesongs.Theirconcertshavebeenmetwithgreatenthusiasm.“Manypeoplearehearingthesepiecesforthefirsttime,buttheyarecompletelyattractedandtheyletthemusictakethemonajourney,”Gansays.(張佳林和甘璐璐自2023年6月以來(lái)一直在中國(guó)巡回演出，表演并推廣這些歌曲。他們的音樂(lè)會(huì)受到了極大的歡迎。甘璐璐說(shuō)：“很多人都是第一次聽(tīng)到這些曲子，但他們完全被吸引住了，他們讓音樂(lè)帶他們踏上了一段旅程?！?”可知，他們的音樂(lè)會(huì)受到了觀眾的熱烈歡迎。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“InbringingtheseearlyChineseartsongsbacktolife,ZhangandGanarenotjustbreathingnewlifeintoforgottenmusic—theyarereconnectinglistenerstoaculturalheritagethathaslongbeenoverlooked.(在讓這些早期的中國(guó)藝術(shù)歌曲重獲生機(jī)的過(guò)程中，張佳林和甘璐璐不僅為被遺忘的音樂(lè)注入了新的活力，還讓聽(tīng)眾重新連接起了長(zhǎng)期被忽視的文化遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，張佳林和甘璐璐工作的主要目的是讓被遺忘的音樂(lè)重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)。故選C項(xiàng)。CAccordingtoalandmarkstudypublishedinthejournalScience,totalbutterflyabundanceintheU.S.hasdeclinedby22percentacrossallspeciesbetween2000and2020.“Thisisawake-upcall.Peopleshouldbeseeingthisnumberandbeingvery,veryconcerned,notjustaboutbutterflies,butaboutthestateofinsectsingeneral,”saysElizaGrames,aconservationbiologistatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYorkandcoauthorofthestudy.Initially,Gramessayssheexpectedtoseedeclinesformanyspecies,butthatonceallthedatawasexpandedtocovertheentirenation,shealsoexpectedtoseeenoughincreasestowashoutthebadnews.Unfortunately,thatwasnotthecase.“It’skindofanoverwhelmingamountoflossanddecline,”shesays.Forfearthatyouthinkthewidespreaddeclinesonlyinvolveahandfuloflittle-knownspeciesthatwerealreadyclosetoextinction,thescientistsfoundthat13timesasmanybutterflyspecieswereindeclinecomparedtothosethatwereincreasing.Morethan100speciessawdropsgreaterthan50percentoverthetwenty-yeartimeperiod.Thisincludes22speciesthathavedeclinedmorethan90percent,includingsomeofthecommonestandmost-lovedspecies.Scientistssaythebutterflylossescanresultfrommanyfactors,includinghabitatloss,climatechange,andpesticideuse.Whileclimatechangeoragriculturalpesticideuserequirebigsocietyshifts,therearesomethingseachofuscandotohelpbutterflies.“Becauseinsectshaveshortgenerationspans,evenmodestchangestotheenvironment—suchasplantingnativeflowersorcreatinghabitat—canhaveahugeimpactonthepopulation,”saysGrames.“Ifyou’reimprovinghabitatforelephants,let’ssay,you’regoingtobewaitingdecadesbeforeyouseeresultsofthat,”shesays.“Ifyouimprovehabitatsforbutterfliesthatcanhaveonetothreegenerationsperyear,you’regoingtoseeaprettyimmediateincreaseinpopulation.”“Ithinkthat’soneofthemostoptimisticthings,”saysGrames.Butterflies“dohavetheabilitytobounceback,ifweputtheeffortintoconservationactions.”8.InParagraph1,theauthorpresents________.A.apopularbelief B.aworryingwarningC.acommon-heldview D.atheoreticalassumption9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3abouttheresearch?A.Themost-lovedspeciesareextinct. B.Evencommonspeciesareintrouble.C.Mostbutterflyspeciesareontherise. D.Thestudymainlyfocusesonrarespecies.10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbymentioningelephants?A.Toillustratethedifficultyofelephantconservation.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhabitatimprovement.C.Tohighlighttherapidrecoverypotentialofbutterflies.D.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenelephantsandbutterflies.11.WhatdoesGramesthinkofthefutureofbutterflies?A.Eventful. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Insignificant.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)發(fā)表于《科學(xué)》雜志的具有里程碑意義的研究，研究顯示2000年至2020年間美國(guó)所有蝴蝶物種的總體數(shù)量下降了22%，分析了蝴蝶數(shù)量下降的原因，并指出人們可以通過(guò)改善蝴蝶棲息地等助力其種群恢復(fù)，蝴蝶數(shù)量仍有回升希望?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AccordingtoalandmarkstudypublishedinthejournalScience,totalbutterflyabundanceintheU.S.hasdeclinedby22percentacrossallspeciesbetween2000and2020.“Thisisawake-upcall.Peopleshouldbeseeingthisnumberandbeingvery,veryconcerned,notjustaboutbutterflies,butaboutthestateofinsectsingeneral,”saysElizaGrames,aconservationbiologistatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYorkandcoauthorofthestudy.(根據(jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)具有里程碑意義的研究，在2000年至2020年間，美國(guó)所有蝴蝶物種的總體數(shù)量減少了22%。紐約賓厄姆頓大學(xué)的保護(hù)生物學(xué)家、該研究的合著者伊莉莎?格雷姆斯（ElizaGrames）表示：“這是一個(gè)警鐘。人們看到這個(gè)數(shù)字時(shí)應(yīng)該感到非常非常擔(dān)憂，不僅是為蝴蝶擔(dān)憂，也應(yīng)該為整個(gè)昆蟲(chóng)界的狀況感到擔(dān)憂?！?”可知，作者在第一段呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的警告。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段后兩句“Morethan100speciessawdropsgreaterthan50percentoverthetwenty-yeartimeperiod.Thisincludes22speciesthathavedeclinedmorethan90percent,includingsomeofthecommonestandmost-lovedspecies.(在這20年里，超過(guò)100個(gè)物種的數(shù)量下降幅度超過(guò)了50%。其中包括22個(gè)數(shù)量下降超過(guò)90%的物種，這其中就有一些最常見(jiàn)、最受喜愛(ài)的物種。)”可推知，即使是常見(jiàn)的蝴蝶物種也面臨著困境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Becauseinsectshaveshortgenerationspans,evenmodestchangestotheenvironment—suchasplantingnativeflowersorcreatinghabitat—canhaveahugeimpactonthepopulation,”saysGrames.“Ifyou’reimprovinghabitatforelephants,let’ssay,you’regoingtobewaitingdecadesbeforeyouseeresultsofthat,”shesays.“Ifyouimprovehabitatsforbutterfliesthatcanhaveonetothreegenerationsperyear,you’regoingtoseeaprettyimmediateincreaseinpopulation.”(“因?yàn)槔ハx(chóng)的世代周期很短，所以即使是對(duì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行適度的改變——比如種植本土花卉或創(chuàng)造棲息地——也會(huì)對(duì)其種群數(shù)量產(chǎn)生巨大影響，”格雷姆斯說(shuō)?！氨热缯f(shuō)，如果你在改善大象的棲息地，那你要等上幾十年才能看到成效，”她說(shuō)?！叭绻愀纳坪臈⒌?，蝴蝶每年可以繁殖一到三代，你很快就會(huì)看到其數(shù)量顯著增加?！?”可知，作者提到大象是為了通過(guò)對(duì)比，突出蝴蝶具有快速恢復(fù)種群數(shù)量的潛力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ithinkthat’soneofthemostoptimisticthings,”saysGrames.Butterflies“dohavetheabilitytobounceback,ifweputtheeffortintoconservationactions.”(“我認(rèn)為這是最樂(lè)觀的事情之一，”格雷姆斯說(shuō)。如果我們努力采取保護(hù)行動(dòng)，蝴蝶“確實(shí)有能力恢復(fù)數(shù)量?！?”可知，格雷姆斯認(rèn)為蝴蝶的未來(lái)是有希望的。故選C項(xiàng)。DInapioneeringachievement,scientistshavesuccessfullytransformedlightintoa“supersolid,”astateofmatterthatexhibitscharacteristicsofbothsolidsandliquidsinthemeantime.Thisremarkablediscovery,publishedinthejournalScience,pavesthewayfornoveladvancementsincondensed-matter(凝聚態(tài)物)physics.Asupersolidisauniquestateofmattergovernedbytheprinciplesofquantummechanics.Inthisstate,particlesformanorganized,crystalstructurelikeasolid,yettheycanmovefreelyandfluidlylikealiquidwithoutstickness.Thelackofsticknessmeansthatsupersolidscanquicklypipethemselvesoutofanycontainers.Ordinarysolidsaretypicallystaticanddonotmoveontheirown.However,supersolidspossesstheabilitytochangedirectionanddensitybasedonparticleinteractionswhilestillkeepinganorderlynetworkstructure.Theformationofsupersolidsrequiresextremelylowtemperatures,usuallyclosetoabsolutezero(minus459.67degreesFahrenheitorminus273.15degreesCelsius).Whilesupersolidshavebeenpreviouslycreatedfromatomicgases,therecentresearchemployedanovelmechanisminvolving“polariton(極化子)“systems.Polaritonsaremultipleparticlesformedbythestrongcouplingoflightandquasiparticles(準(zhǔn)粒子)throughelectromagneticinteractions.Thesepolaritonscanconcentrateintothelowestpossibleenergystate,similartocertainatomicgases.Namely,lightiscombinedwithmatter,andtogether,theycanbecondensedintoasupersolid.Thestudyofsupersolidsiscrucialbecauseitallowsustoobservetheeffectsoftinyinteractionsbetweenparticleswithouttheinterferenceoftemperature.Byexaminingthebehaviorandcharacteristicsofsupersolids,wegaininsightsintothefundamentalwaysinwhichatomsandparticlesareorganized.Thisknowledgehelpsusunderstandtheworldatabasiclevel.Withfurtherresearchanddevelopment,supersolidsholdgreatpotentialforvariousapplications.Theycouldbeusedinquantumcomputing,superconductors,frictionlessoils,andpotentiallymanyotherapplicationsthatwehaveyettoimagine.Thecreationofasupersolidfromlightrepresentsasignificantleapforwardinthisfield.12.Whatisasupersolidaccordingtothepassage?A.Astateofmatterthatexistsonlyatextremelyhightemperatures.B.Astateofmatterthatisbothsolidandliquidatthesametime.C.Astateofmatterthatiscompletelysolidwithoutliquidproperties.D.Astateofmatterthatiscompletelyliquidwithoutsolidproperties.13.Whatisoneoftheuniquecharacteristicsofsupersolidscomparedtoordinarysolids?A.Supersolidscanmoveontheirown. B.Supersolidsarealwaysinaliquidstate.C.Supersolidsrequirehightemperaturestoform. D.Supersolidscannotchangedirectionordensity.14.WhatistheroleofpolaritonsincreatingthesupersolidsinParagraph4?A.Polaritonsprovidethenecessaryheattoformthesupersolid.B.Polaritonsallowlighttobecondensedintoasupersolidstate.C.Polaritonsareusedtocreateastrongerelectromagneticfield.D.Polaritonsareusedtoincreasethesticknessofthesupersolid,15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceoffurtherresearchintosupersolids.B.Theprocessoftransforminglightintoasupersolid.C.Thefeaturesandpotentialapplicationsofsupersolids.D.Thehistoryandpotentialvalueofsupersolidresearch.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了科學(xué)家成功將光轉(zhuǎn)化為“超固體”這一開(kāi)創(chuàng)性成果。文章闡述了超固體的定義、特性，介紹了此次研究中利用極化子系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)造超固體的機(jī)制，還說(shuō)明了研究超固體的重要性以及其在量子計(jì)算等領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Inapioneeringachievement,scientistshavesuccessfullytransformedlightintoa“supersolid,”astateofmatterthatexhibitscharacteristicsofbothsolidsandliquidsinthemeantime.(在一項(xiàng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的成果中，科學(xué)家們成功地將光轉(zhuǎn)化為一種“超固體”，這是一種同時(shí)具有固體和液體特性的物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。)”以及第二段前兩句“Asupersolidisauniquestateofmattergovernedbytheprinciplesofquantummechanics.Inthisstate,particlesformanorganized,crystalstructurelikeasolid,yettheycanmovefreelyandfluidlylikealiquidwithoutstickness.(超固體是一種由量子力學(xué)原理支配的獨(dú)特物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。在這種狀態(tài)下，粒子形成像固體一樣有組織的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)，但它們可以像液體一樣自由流暢地移動(dòng)而沒(méi)有粘性。)”可知，超固體是一種同時(shí)具有固體和液體特性的物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“Ordinarysolidsaretypicallystaticanddonotmoveontheirown.However,supersolidspossesstheabilitytochangedirectionanddensitybasedonparticleinteractionswhilestillkeepinganorderlynetworkstructure.(普通固體通常是靜態(tài)的，不會(huì)自行移動(dòng)。然而，超固體具有根據(jù)粒子間的相互作用改變方向和密度的能力，同時(shí)仍保持有序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。)”可知，與普通固體相比，超固體的獨(dú)特特征之一是它可以自行移動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Whilesupersolidshavebeenpreviouslycreatedfromatomicgases,therecentresearchemployedanovelmechanisminvolving“polariton(極化子)“systems.Polaritonsaremultipleparticlesformedbythestrongcouplingoflightandquasiparticles(準(zhǔn)粒子)throughelectromagneticinteractions.Thesepolaritonscanconcentrateintothelowestpossibleenergystate,similartocertainatomicgases.Namely,lightiscombinedwithmatter,andtogether,theycanbecondensedintoasupersolid.(雖然以前超固體是由原子氣體形成的，但最近的研究采用了一種涉及“極化子”系統(tǒng)的新機(jī)制。極化子是由光和準(zhǔn)粒子通過(guò)電磁相互作用強(qiáng)烈耦合形成的多種粒子。這些極化子可以聚集到盡可能低的能量狀態(tài)，類似于某些原子氣體。也就是說(shuō)，光與物質(zhì)結(jié)合在一起，它們可以凝聚成超固體。)”可知，極化子的作用是使光凝聚成超固體狀態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了科學(xué)家成功將光轉(zhuǎn)化為超固體這一成果，第二段和第三段介紹了超固體的定義和特性，第四段介紹了此次研究中利用極化子系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)造超固體的機(jī)制，第五段說(shuō)明了研究超固體的重要性，第六段闡述了超固體在量子計(jì)算等領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用。所以文章主要是關(guān)于超固體的特征和潛在應(yīng)用。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Iswalkingbackwardbetter?Walkingisoneofthesimplestandmostaccessiblewaystostayfit,butsomepeopleassumethattakingafewstepsinreverse(反向)couldunlockevengreaterbenefits.Thisseeminglyunconventionalmovement,knownasbackwardwalkingorretrowalking,isgainingattentionforimprovingbalance,strengtheningunderusedmuscles,andevensharpeningcognitivefunction.___16___Benefitsofwalkingbackward.Unlikeforwardwalking,whichprimarilyengagestheankles,walkingbackwardshiftstheworkloadtothehipsandknees.Thisminorchangeinmovementactivatesdifferentmusclegroups,offeringuniquebenefitsforstrengthandmobility.JanetDufek,anutritionsciencesprofessorattheUniversityofNevada,foundthatretrowalkingincreaseslowbackandlegflexibility,reduceslowbackpain,andimprovesbalanceandstability.___17___AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,retrowalkingburns40percentmorecaloriesperminutethanlivelyforwardwalking.Aworkoutforthebraintoo.Emergingresearchsuggeststhatwalkingbackwarddoesmorethanstrengthenmuscles.___18___Thiswasprovedina2019studywhichfoundthatparticipantswhowalkedbackwardfor10to15minutesthreetofourtimesaweekshowedgreaterimprovementsincognitivefunctioningandmemorythanthosewhosteppedforwardorremainedinactive.___19___Noteveryoneisfullyconvincedaboutthebenefitsofretrowalking,though.“Theevidenceforbackwardwalkingtrainingmostlycomesfromphysicaltherapy,whereverysmallstudiesshowthatthistypeoftrainingmayhelppeoplewithkneeissueswhenaddedtoaregularphysicaltherapyprogram,”saysJonathanJarry,asciencecommunicatorinMcGillUniversity.“Fortherestofus,weareleftwithanodd-lookingexercisethatisunlikelytobebetterthanregularworkouts,andthatcomeswiththeaddeddangeroftrippingoverourselves.”Haasadds.___20___“Justbecarefulinyourpractice.Useofatreadmill(跑步機(jī))canreducetheserisks,”saysDufek.“Ensurethatyourwalkingspaceissafewithouttripdanger.Youcanalwaysuseawalkingpartnertobeyour‘eye’whenyoucannotsee.”A.Italsosharpenscognitivefunction.B.Iswalkingbackwardreallybetter?C.Butthebenefitsgobeyondthese.D.Still,safetyiskeyforthosewillingtotryit.E.However,theimprovementinflexibilityisnotalwaysobvious.F.Herearesomepracticaltipstomakeretrowalkingpracticeaspleasantaspossible.G.Now,researchersareuncoveringjusthowinfluentialthissmallchangeinmovementcanbe.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.B20.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了倒著走（retrowalking）的好處，同時(shí)也提到了一些人對(duì)此的不同看法以及倒著走時(shí)的安全注意事項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Walkingisoneofthesimplestandmostaccessiblewaystostayfit,butsomepeopleassumethattakingafewstepsinreversecouldunlockevengreaterbenefits.Thisseeminglyunconventionalmovement,knownasbackwardwalkingorretrowalking,isgainingattentionforimprovingbalance,strengtheningunderusedmuscles,andevensharpeningcognitivefunction.(散步是保持健康最簡(jiǎn)單、最容易做到的方式之一，但有些人認(rèn)為，倒著走幾步可能會(huì)帶來(lái)更大的益處。這種看似非傳統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，即倒走，因其有助于改善平衡、鍛煉較少使用的肌肉，甚至提高認(rèn)知功能而受到關(guān)注。)”以及下文“Benefitsofwalkingbackward.(倒著走的好處。)”可知，此空需起到承上啟下的作用。G選項(xiàng)“Now,researchersareuncoveringjusthowinfluentialthissmallchangeinmovementcanbe.(現(xiàn)在，研究人員正在揭示這種運(yùn)動(dòng)上的小改變到底能有多大的影響。)”既承接了上文倒著走受關(guān)注的內(nèi)容，又引出了下文對(duì)其好處的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“JanetDufek,anutritionsciencesprofessorattheUniversityofNevada,foundthatretrowalkingincreaseslowbackandlegflexibility,reduceslowbackpain,andimprovesbalanceandstability.(內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)教授珍妮特?杜菲克發(fā)現(xiàn)，倒著走能增強(qiáng)下背部和腿部的柔韌性，減輕下背部疼痛，并改善平衡和穩(wěn)定性。)”以及下文“AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,retrowalkingburns40percentmorecaloriesperminutethanlivelyforwardwalking.(根據(jù)美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究，倒著走每分鐘燃燒的卡路里比輕快的正著走多40%。)”可知，此空應(yīng)體現(xiàn)倒著走的好處還有其他方面。C選項(xiàng)“Butthebenefitsgobeyondthese.”（但好處不止這些）能夠承接上文已提及的好處，并引出下文新的好處。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatwalkingbackwarddoesmorethanstrengthenmuscles.(新興研究表明，倒著走的益處不止于增強(qiáng)肌肉。)”以及下文“Thiswasprovedina2019studywhichfoundthatparticipantswhowalkedbackwardfor10to15minutesthreetofourtimesaweekshowedgreaterimprovementsincognitivefunctioningandmemorythanthosewhosteppedforwardorremainedinactive.(這在2019年的一項(xiàng)研究中得到了證實(shí)，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每周三到四次倒著走10到15分鐘的參與者，在認(rèn)知功能和記憶力方面的改善比正著走或不活動(dòng)的參與者更大。)”可知，此空應(yīng)具體說(shuō)明倒著走在認(rèn)知功能方面的作用。A選項(xiàng)“Italsosharpenscognitivefunction.(它還能提高認(rèn)知功能。)”與上文“doesmorethanstrengthenmuscles”相呼應(yīng)，且引出下文的研究證明。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Noteveryoneisfullyconvincedaboutthebenefitsofretrowalking,though.“Theevidenceforbackwardwalkingtrainingmostlycomesfromphysicaltherapy,whereverysmallstudiesshowthatthistypeoftrainingmayhelppeoplewithkneeissueswhenaddedtoaregularphysicaltherapyprogram,”saysJonathanJarry,asciencecommunicatorinMcGillUniversity.(不過(guò)，并非所有人都完全相信倒著走的益處。麥吉爾大學(xué)的科學(xué)傳播者喬納森?賈里表示：“倒走訓(xùn)練的相關(guān)證據(jù)大多來(lái)自物理治療領(lǐng)域，一些規(guī)模非常小的研究表明，在常規(guī)物理治療方案中加入這種訓(xùn)練，可能會(huì)對(duì)有膝蓋問(wèn)題的人有所幫助?！?”和設(shè)空位置可知，此空應(yīng)作為段落主題句引出對(duì)倒著走好處存在的不同看法。B選項(xiàng)“Iswalkingbackwardreallybetter?(倒著走真的更好嗎？)”以問(wèn)句形式引出了對(duì)倒著走好處的探討。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文““Fortherestofus,weareleftwithanodd-lookingexercisethatisunlikelytobebetterthanregularworkouts,andthatcomeswiththeaddeddangeroftrippingoverourselves.”Haasadds.(哈斯補(bǔ)充道：“對(duì)于我們其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一項(xiàng)看起來(lái)很奇怪的鍛煉，不太可能比常規(guī)鍛煉效果更好，而且還增加了絆倒自己的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?”以及下文““Justbecarefulinyourpractice.Useofatreadmill(跑步機(jī))canreducetheserisks,”saysDufek.“Ensurethatyourwalkingspaceissafewithouttripdanger.Youcanalwaysuseawalkingpartnertobeyour‘eye’whenyoucannotsee.”(杜菲克說(shuō)：“訓(xùn)練時(shí)一定要小心。使用跑步機(jī)可以降低這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。要確保你行走的空間安全，沒(méi)有絆倒的危險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)你看不見(jiàn)時(shí)，你可以找一個(gè)陪你走路的人來(lái)當(dāng)你的‘眼睛’?！?”可知，此空應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)安全的重要性。D選項(xiàng)“Still,safetyiskeyforthosewillingtotryit.(不過(guò)，對(duì)于那些愿意嘗試的人來(lái)說(shuō)，安全是關(guān)鍵。)”既承接了上文提到的危險(xiǎn)，又引出了下文的安全建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Samuellovedanimalssincechildhood.Hegrewupinanenvironmentfullof___21___andreturnedhomeeverynightafterseeingthejungleanimalshehadalwaysloved.Hismotheroftencomplainedtohim,saying“Itisawasteofyourtimespendingwiththose!”Despitehismother’s___22___,Samuelwasemployedasagardenguardnearhishometown.Moreover,hecanearngoodmoney!Itwasadouble___23___forSamuel.SamuellovedLunaverymuch,theonlywhitetigerinthezoo,whodidnot___24___anyoneotherthanSamuel.Shebecamepregnantandwasaboutto___25___.Unfortunately,shedieddueto___26___duringchildbirth.Samuel___27___themalecubwiththesame___28___andpatiencethathegavetohismother,gradually___29___theheartofthelittletiger.Overtheyears,thelittletigernamedBlancagrew.Buthewassmallerthanothermaletigersand____30____triedto____31____withanimalsofthesametypelikeLuna.BlancaonlytrustedinSamuel.However,sadlySamuelhadtomovetoanothercitybecauseofhiswife’sjobandhecriedwhenthedayof____32____came.FiveyearspassedandhewaseagertomeetBlancawhenhereturnedtothezoo.OthertigerscuriouslyapproachedtoseeifSamuelhad____33____,buthecouldnotseeBlancaanywhere.Depressed,Samuelwas____34____ontheglassofthecagewhenheheardaloud____35____behindhim.Familiarandsurprised,heknewthateverythingwasfineandtheirbondremainedunbroken.21.A.disaster B.nature C.comfort D.adventure22.A.delight B.disappointment C.interest D.surprise23.A.headache B.standard C.victory D.target24.A.approach B.thank C.stretch D.switch25.A.lookround B.runover C.settledown D.givebirth26.A.complications B.substances C.opponents D.insights27.A.found B.gained C.treated D.demanded28.A.difficulty B.character C.affection D.blame29.A.breaking B.expecting C.helping D.opening30.A.frequently B.kindly C.largely D.rarely31.A.surpass B.interact C.outperform D.babysit32.A.separation B.reunion C.celebration D.arrival33.A.food B.fiction C.noodle D.mail34.A.standing B.lying C.leaning D.setting35.A.laughter B.sound C.music D.noise【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.C29.D30.D31.B32.A33.A34.C35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了從小熱愛(ài)動(dòng)物的Samuel與動(dòng)物園里的白虎Luna及其幼崽Blanca之間的故事，以及Samuel因妻子工作原因離開(kāi)又回來(lái)后與Blanca重逢的情節(jié)?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他在一個(gè)充滿自然氣息的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大，每天晚上在看過(guò)他一直喜愛(ài)的叢林動(dòng)物后才回家。A.disaster災(zāi)難；B.nature自然；C.comfort舒適；D.adventure冒險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)下文“afterseeingthejungleanimalshehadalwaysloved”可知，他能看到叢林動(dòng)物，說(shuō)明他成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境充滿自然氣息。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管母親感到失望，塞繆爾還是在家鄉(xiāng)附近找到了一份花園守衛(wèi)的工作。A.delight高興；B.disappointment失望；