2024高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit3Scienceandnature課下作業(yè)一-三含解析牛津譯林版必修5

PAGEPAGE1必修5Unit3課下作業(yè)（一~三）課下作業(yè)（一）考點(diǎn)過關(guān)針對(duì)練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Thisreportofferedthemostspecificandaccurate(精確的)descriptionoftheproblems.2．Wearestudyingtoprovethispoint,andithasinitiallybeenconfirmed(證明)．3．Willyoudomeafavour(幫忙)andtellmehowtheInternetworks?4．Dennishasrecentlybegunasuccessfulcareerconducting(指揮)anopera.5．Johnwasadopted(收養(yǎng))asababy;heneverknewhisnaturalparents.6．Mistakesduetocarelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences(結(jié)果),sodobecareful.7．Wearelookingforsomeonewhoisreliable(牢靠的)andhard-working.8．Innocaseshouldwesacrificeprinciplesforeconomicprofits(利潤(rùn))．9．Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajority(大多數(shù))ofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.10．Thispoemfullyexpressestheauthor'slovefortheordinary(一般的)peopleandhatredfortherulingclass.11．Themovietransformed(使變更)heralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoasuperstar.12．Ican'tmakethatdecisionforyou,soyouwillhavetouseyourjudgement(推斷力)．13．Carefulconsideration(考慮)shouldbegiventoissuesofhealthandsafety.14．It'sbetterforthegovernmenttoattachmoreimportancetotheoriginal(首創(chuàng)的)inventionsofallkinds.15．Hereceivedthenewsofhisfather'ssicknesswithgreatanxiety(焦慮)．Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Ithinkhediditbyaccident,notbyintention(intend)．2．Hissuccesswasalonghistory;butbriefly(brief)speaking,hesucceededaftermanyfailures.3．MostofthemwereinfavourofmyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.4．Hewasawonderfulfathertobothhisnaturalandadopted(adopt)children.5．Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdaywere(be)students.6．Sheworkedhardatherlessonsandasaconsequencegothighmarks.7．Heisadoctorandexpectshissontofollow_inhisfootsteps.8．IhavebeentoldtheLearningCenterprovideshelpforstudentsandI'manxiousto_get(get)helpfromyou.9．Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher;butontheotherhand,Iamalsoyourfriend.10．IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstpersonto_know(know)．Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Electricheatershavetheirelectricenergytransformedtoheat.to→into2．Thesamecognitive(認(rèn)知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhaveadoptedbyadultscientists.have后加been3．Hearingastrangenoise,thepoorman,tremblingandfrightening,ranoutofthedarkcave.frightening→frightened4．Strictlyspeaking,youshouldn'tenterthelabwithoutthepermission.去掉其次個(gè)the5．One-thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensisblackpeople.其次個(gè)is→are6．Inoneword,everyoneinourgroupdoeswellintheactivity.Inaconsequence,weareelectedasthemodelgroupthisterm.去掉a或a前的In→As7．Don'tsettheoldworkertheheavytask.Foronethinghe'sold;forotherthinghe'sinpoorhealth.other→another8．Nooneputforwardanythingbetterthantheplannowundertheconsideration.去掉其次個(gè)the9．It'sverykindofyoutodoafavourtomebylettingmegetoutoftrouble.其次個(gè)to→forⅣ.翻譯句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．全部出席會(huì)議的人都贊成該安排。(infavourof)All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.2．他們恐嚇那個(gè)小男孩以使他說出隱私。(frightensb.into)They_frightened_the_little_boy_into_telling_them_the_secret.3．我缺憾地告知你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(inconsequenceof,dismiss)I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.4．我們每個(gè)人都要有幻想，并且要對(duì)幻想實(shí)行主動(dòng)樂觀的看法。(adoptapositiveattitude)Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams.5．他寫了這封信，準(zhǔn)備征求一些看法。(withtheintentionof)He_wrote_the_letter_with_the_intention_of_asking_for_some_advice.6．ThemountainouscountryissobeautifulthatIcan'tdescribe.→ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.7．Howexciting!Ihavewatchedthemostexcitingmatch.→Howexciting!Ihaveneverwatchedamoreexcitingmatchbefore.課下作業(yè)（二）話題閱讀培優(yōu)練Ⅰ.依據(jù)提示填空Whenitcomestocloning,people'sideas?differ(different).Somepeopleareinfavourofits?development(develop),fortheybelieveitwillbeboundtobenefitus.Firstly,cloningtechnologycanbeusedinagriculture，whichcanpreventthe?diseases(disease)causedbypests,andcanimprovetheproduce.Furthermore,wecanalsoemploycloningtoprotecttheendangeredanimals,whichis?beneficial(benefit)tohumanbeings.Moreover,cloningtechnologycanbeusedinmedicine?to_treat(treat)illnesses，whichisboundtosavemanysickpeople.Onthecontrary,othersfeelcastdownbecausetheythinkitisnot?morally(moral)reasonable;besides,theythinkitalsobreaksthegenderbalanceandthe?balance_of_nature(自然平衡).Sotheyhaveastrong?objection(object)toit.However,manycountrieshavegotdowntoitandobtainedgreat?breakthroughs(breakthrough)actually.Soweareunabletoresistit.Inmyopinion,cloningwillpayoffonconditionthatallundertaketouseitproperlyinspiteofitseq\o(○,\s\up1(10))disadvantages(disadvantage)．Ⅱ.片段選詞填空treat，inject...into，cure，successful，procedure，benefit，supporter，damage，industrialised，combine...with，agingprocess，intermsof，runoutof，befreeofTherearemanywaysinwhichhumancloningisexpectedto?benefit_humans.Dr.RichardSeed,oneoftheleading?supportersofhumancloningtechnology,suggeststhatitmaysomedaybepossibletocompletelychangethe?aging_processbecauseofwhatwelearnfromcloning.Scientistsbelievethattheymaybeableto?treatheartattackvictimsbycloningtheirhealthyheartcellsand?injectingthemintotheareasoftheheartthathavebeendamaged.HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerintheUSandseveralother?industrialisedcountries.Therehasbeenabreakthroughwithhumanstemcells.Embryonicstemcellscanbegrowntoproduceorganstorepairorreplace?damagedones.Skinforburnvictims,braincellsforthebraindamaged,hearts,lungs,andkidneyscouldbeproduced.By?combiningthistechnologywithhumancloningtechnology,itmaybepossibletoproduceneededorgansforsufferingpeoplethatwill?be_free_ofrejectionbytheirimmunesystems.ConditionssuchasAlzheimer'sdisease,Parkinson'sdisease,heartfailure,andotherproblemscanbeeq\o(○,\s\up1(10))curedifhumancloninganditstechnologyarenotbanned.Thoughcurrenttreatmentsforinfertility(不生育)aregettingafairamountofpublicityinthenews,they,eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))in_terms_ofpercentages,arenotverysuccessful.Somedatashowsthatcurrentinfertilitytreatmentsarelessthan10percenteq\o(○,\s\up1(12))successful.Couplesgothroughphysicallyandemotionallypainfuleq\o(○,\s\up1(13))proceduresforasmallchanceofhavingchildren.Manycoupleseq\o(○,\s\up1(14))run_out_oftimeandmoneywithoutsuccessfullyhavingchildren.Humancloningcouldmakeitpossibleformanymoreinfertilecouplestohavechildrenthaneverbeforepossible.課下作業(yè)（三）高考語篇提能練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·廣州綜合測(cè)試)It'snosecretthatyourpersonalcharacteristicsdirectlyaffecthowyouinteractwiththeworld—butyoumightbesurprisedatjusthowdeepitgoes.Expertsthinkthatyourpersonalitycanevenaffecthowyouexerciseandinfluencewhatsportsaresuitableforyou.HighlySensitiveHighlysensitivepeoplemaybemoreuncomfortablewithgroupexerciseclassesorteamsportswheretheyfeeltheireverymoveisbeingobserved.Additionally,theymayfeelmoreupsetaboutanineffectiveorapoorworkout,saysresearcherElaineAron.Forsuchpeople,individualornon-competitiveactivitieslikebiking,runningandhikingareideal.TypeAPersonalityTypeAindividualsoftenhavean“allornothingapproach”toexercise.Thispersonalitytypeisknownforstickingcloselytotheirplan,nottomentionbeingsupercompetitive.However,thiscancausethemtosticktoocloselytoafitnessroutine,whichmeanstheymighttrytopushpastaninjury.Togetbetterexerciseresults,TypeApeopleneedtobeawarethatfollowinganexerciseplantoostrictlymaylimittheirprogress.Theyshouldbemoreflexibleandlistentotheirbody,especiallywhentheyareinpain.TypeBPersonalityThislaid-backgroupmaygettoolazyabouttheirexerciseplan,whichpreventsthemfromseeingresults.Theyareoftenlesswillingtodevoteenoughtimeandenergytotheirfitnessgoals,especiallyifexerciseissomethingthatmakesthemanxious.TypeBindividualssucceedincreativeandcooperativeenvironments,soteamsportsandgroupgymclassesmaybeperfect.Remember,thereareplentyofwaysyoucanadaptafitnessplantosuityourneeds,regardlessofyourcharacteristics.Justkeepinmindwhatyoulike.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文，主要論述了人的性格影響體育熬煉項(xiàng)目的選擇。1．Whymighthighlysensitivepeoplebeunwillingtotakepartingroupsports?A．Theywillfeelliketheyarebeingevaluated.B．Theydon'tlikesocializingwithotherpeople.C．Theydon'tconsiderthemselvestobeathletic.D．Theyfearthey'llbeletdownbytheirteammates.解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜愛參與團(tuán)體運(yùn)動(dòng)課程或團(tuán)隊(duì)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的緣由是他們覺得他們的每一個(gè)動(dòng)作都會(huì)被視察到而被別人評(píng)頭論足。據(jù)此可知，A項(xiàng)正確。2．TypeApeoplecanbebestdescribedas________.A．committed B．flexibleC．independent D．sensitive解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)TypeAPersonality部分中的“Thispersonalitytypeisknownforstickingcloselytotheirplan,nottomentionbeingsupercompetitive”可知，這種性格的人會(huì)堅(jiān)守他們的安排；A項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)決的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatpersonalitytypetheyare.B．Toexplainhowpersonalcharacteristicsaffectexercisehabits.C．Toidentifythedangersofdoingthewrongtypeofexercise.D．Todescribedifferenttypesofworkoutsthatareavailabletoday.解析：選B寫作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文章第一段的其次句可知，本文主要論述了人的性格影響體育熬煉項(xiàng)目的選擇，并介紹了不同性格的人的體育熬煉習(xí)慣。據(jù)此可知，本文旨在說明性格是如何影響人的體育熬煉習(xí)慣的，故B項(xiàng)正確。B(2024·武漢模擬)Foryears,mytimespentintheshowercouldhavegotmeamentioninGuinnessWorldRecordsastheshortesttimetakentobathe.Ihurriedupduringthisprocess.Oneday,however,whileataparty,Iheardanartistfriendtellingeverybodythathisideacamewhilehewashavingashower.“Whataboutyou？”heasked.“Don'tyougetyourcreativethoughtsfromthesameplace？”“I'minandoutinahurry，”Itoldhimproudly.“Ihavenotimetowaste！”“Whatapity，”hesaid.“That'stheplacewhereyouneedtoslowdown;plentyofgreatthoughtscomefromthere！”Itrieditout.Isloweddownthewholeprocess,startedenjoyingthewarmwater,takingalittlelongertosoapmyselfandevenspendingmoretimejustenjoyingtheprocess,andrealizedhowmuchIhadmissedinhurryingupalltheseyears.Awomantoldmehowmuchstressherfriendwassufferingfromandhowshesoughttoconvinceherthatsheneededtofindwaystorelax.Shegaveheravideotapeonstressmanagementandrelaxationtechniques,andencouragedhertowatchitrightaway.Fifteenminuteslater,herfriendhandedbackthetape.“Itwasgood，”shesaid,“butIdon'tneedit.”“Butit'sa70-minutevideo，”thewomanreplied.“Youcouldn'thavewatchedthewholething.”“Yes,Idid，”herfriendsaid.“Iputitinfast-forward！”Amajorsocialproblemofthe21stcenturyisHurrySickness.Wehurrythroughwork.Weswallowfastfood.Wecomplainthatwedon'thaveenoughtime.Weracethroughthedaysandweeksuntilonedaywelookbackinamazementandcomment,“Oh,howtheyearsflewby！”Thenwerealizetheheavypricewehavepaidfortravelingfast.SymptomsofHurrySicknessincludestressandanxiety,badrelationships,poorworkperformanceandevendisease.Somepeopledon'tsurviveit.What'sthecure?Slowdown,forlifeissoshortandpreciousthatwemustliveitwell.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過敘述“我”在一次聚會(huì)與一位藝術(shù)家摯友談及洗澡的時(shí)間問題，向我們介紹了21世紀(jì)存在的一個(gè)主要的社會(huì)問題是匆忙癥，從而告知我們：生命是如此短暫和寶貴，我們必需好好地慢下來生活。4．Whatwastheadvantageoftakingashowerintheeyesoftheartistfriend?A．Timewassaved. B．Nothingwasmissed.C．Greatideasflewaway. D．Creativethoughtscame.解析：選D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“hisideacamewhilehewashavingashower”和“Don'tyougetyourcreativethoughtsfromthesameplace？”可知，在那位藝術(shù)家摯友的眼里，在洗澡時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)建性的想法。5．Whatwasthetroublewiththewoman'sfriend?A．Shefeltstressed.B．Shefoundthetapeuseless.C．Shefoundnowaytorelax.D．Shewatchedthetapetoofast.解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中的“Awomantoldmehowmuchstressherfriendwassufferingfrom”可知，那位女士的摯友感到壓力很大。6．Whatisthemajorsocialtroublepeoplefaceinthe21stcenturyinthewriter'seyes?A．Peoplerunfasttowork.B．Everythingisdoneinahurry.C．Peopledon'thaveenoughtime.D．Timeflieswithoutbeingnoticed.解析：選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Amajorsocialproblemofthe21stcenturyisHurrySickness”可知，在作者看來，21世紀(jì)人們面臨的一個(gè)主要的社會(huì)問題是一切都是匆忙忙忙的。7．Howcantheproblembesettled?A．Byslowingdown.B．Bylearningtosurvive.C．Bydevelopingfriendship.D．Byperforminggoodwork.解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段的最終一句可知，我們可以通過放慢腳步來解決這個(gè)問題。C(2024·成都診斷)Foodblogs,celebrities,andnutritionistsalladvocatethebenefitsofeatingorganic(有機(jī)的)fruitsandvegetables.ButanewstudypublishedinScienceAdvancespaintsamorecomplexpicture.Whileorganicproduceislikelyslightlyhealthiertoeatand,insomeways,moresustainabletogrow,therearealsodownsides.Organicfruitsandvegetablestypicallycostmorethanconventionalones.Togetacertificateasorganic,farmersmustmeetspecificcriteria,includinggrowingproducewithouttheuseofgeneticengineeringandchemicalinputs.Withoutthesemethods,thegrowingprocesstypicallyrequiresmorelabor,time,andmoney,acostthatispasseddowntoconsumers.It'struethatinmanyways,organicfarmingismoresustainablethanconventionalfarming.Butwhenitcomestoenvironmentalconcernssuchasgreenhousegasoutputandwaterloss,thecomparisongetscomplex.Organicfarmsproducelessgreenhousegasoutputperacre.However,becausetheyarebarredfromusinggeneticengineering,pesticides(殺蟲劑),andothermethodsthatincreaseefficiency(效率),organicfarmsalsoproduceanestimated19%to25%lessyieldthanconventionalfarms.Whilethereisn'tawholelotofresearchonthetopic,thefewstudiesthatdoexistsuggestgreenhousegasoutputandwaterlossmightactuallybehigheronorganicfarms,onaperunitbasis,saysstudyauthorVerenaSeufert.Inaddition,whileorganicproduceislikelymorenutritiousthanconventionalfruitsandvegetables,there'snotalotofevidencetosupporttheclaimthattheseoftenslightdifferencesinfluenceconsumerhealth.Thesameistrueforthepesticideremainder.Indevelopedcountries,wherepesticideuseistightlyregulated,there'snoscientificconsensusonhowtheseoftenslightdifferencesinfluencehumanhealth.Still,Seufertstressesthatifyoucanaffordtoeatorganicproduce,youshoulddoso.Organicfarmsprovidesaferworkenvironmentsforworkers,plustheysupportgreatbiodiversity.Therealtakeawayfromherstudyisnotthatorganicproduceisbadbutthatthepracticeneedsmorestudiestoincreasetheyieldwithoutloweringsustainability.Butifyoucan'taffordtobuyorganicproduce,don'tstresstoomuch,particularlyfromanutritionalperspective.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文，主要介紹了有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的一些狀況。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downsides”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Dangers. B．Drawbacks.C．Benefits. D．Differences.解析：選B詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句可知，雖然有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可能略微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺點(diǎn)。再結(jié)合語境和下文陳述的有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的缺點(diǎn)可以推斷，畫線詞應(yīng)指有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不好的一面，B項(xiàng)意為“缺點(diǎn)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。9．Whichkeyfactormakesithardtocompareorganicfarmingwithconventionalfarmingwhenitcomestoenvironmentalconcerns?A．Theyield. B．Theprice.C．Thewaterloss. D．Thelabor.解析：選A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句可知，當(dāng)涉及諸如溫室氣體排放和水資源損失等環(huán)境問題時(shí)，比較傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就困難了；且依據(jù)第三段的其他內(nèi)容可知，雖然有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)相比更可持續(xù)，但因?yàn)椴荒苓\(yùn)用基因工程技術(shù)、殺蟲劑及其他提高效率的方法，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)量相對(duì)低，故產(chǎn)量是使得兩者之間的比較變得困難的重要因素。A項(xiàng)意為“產(chǎn)量”，故A項(xiàng)正確。10．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Farmers'workenvironmentshouldbeimproved.B．Organicproduceshouldbemademoreefficiently.C．Itisn'twiseforconsumerstobuyorganicproducts.D．Thepesticideremainderdonoharmtopeople'shealth.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第四句可知，由于禁止運(yùn)用基因工程技術(shù)和殺蟲劑等，有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)量估計(jì)會(huì)比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)量低19%至25%。據(jù)此可以推斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)提高有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率，故B項(xiàng)正確。第五段的最終一句亦是提示。11．Intheauthor'sopinion,whyshouldwesupportorganicproduce?A．It'senvironmentallyfriendly.B．It'smorenutritious.C．Ithelpskeepthevarietyofplants.D．It'ssaferforconsumers.解析：選C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段其次句可知，有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)為工人供應(yīng)更平安的工作環(huán)境，而且有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)有助于保持生物的多樣性。據(jù)此可以推斷，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)提倡有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的緣由之一是能保持生物的多樣性，故C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·太原模擬)Tofuisadelicacythattranscends(超越)manyfoods,andasimpledishthatcanbecookedinvariousformsandflavors.Fromsweettosmelly,fromChinatoJapanandbeyond—thisbasicingredientmadefromsoybeanshasbecomeahistoricstaplethroughoutAsia.__1__.Itwasonlyafterabowlofwarmdoufuhua,thelocaltofupudding,thatIsawjusthowmuchfoodplaysapartinthecity'slongingforthepast.“Tofupuddingisnotjustapudding.__2__，”saysRenee,thefourth-generationownerofKungWoBeancurdFactory,atofushopintheheartofHongKong'soldtown.Rewindtoabout60yearsago,whentheneighborhoodwashometoa