2021-2022學(xué)年河北省泊頭市聞知高級(jí)中學(xué)高一年級(jí)9月上旬教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測試卷（解析版）VIP

2/22021-2022學(xué)年河北省泊頭市聞知高級(jí)中學(xué)高一年級(jí)9月上旬教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測試卷時(shí)間：100分鐘分值：120分第I卷（選擇題）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACampecheisacitywithatumultuoushistory.OriginallythisareawassettledbytheMayans.ThefirstSpanishcolonizersarrivedin1517andestablishedCampecheasthemainportintheregion.Unsurprisingly,thismadeCampecheanattractivetargetforpirateswhofirstarrivedinthelate16century.Forthenext200years,Campechewasfrequentlyattacked.Nevertheless,itisadelightfulcityandfilledwithinterestingthingstodo.ExploretheoldcityofCampecheTherearealotofbeautifulrestoredoldtownsinMexico,butCampecheisoneofthenicest,cleanestandmostelegant.TheCampecheneighborhoodislovelyandcolorful,withneatsidewalksandsmoothlylaidoutroads!WanderalongtheCampecheMaleconOneofthenicestthingsaboutCampecheisitswaterfrontsetting.Thebestwaytoenjoythat?Wanderingalongthemalecon,orthewalkwayalongthewaterfront,justbeforesunset.Thisisthetimewhenitcoolsdownandeveryonecomesouttoseethingsandtobeseen.You'llseecouplesposingforphotographers,joggers,cyclists,elderlypeoplehavingconversationsandgroupsofteenagersgiggling.StopforaBiteatCalle59Calle59isapedestrian-onlystreetfilledwithoutdoortablesfromthesurroundingrestaurants.Youcancathereatnight,butalotofpeoplecomefordrinks.ThisistheoneplaceinCampechethatfeelstouristy—itstablesarefilledwithgiantbeersthatgetsharedamongmultiplepeoples.1．WhichofthefollowingsentencecanbestdescribeCampeche?A．Campechehasalargepopulation.B．Campecheisacitywithmixedheritage.C．Campechehasexperiencedyearsofcivilwar.D．Campecheonceappealedtopiratesforitsculture.2．What'sthebestthingforvisitorstodobeforesunset?A．Havinganicewalkalongthemalecon. B．EnjoyingtheatmosphereofCampeche.C．Drinkingbeersintherestaurants. D．Takingsomepicturesofthesunset.3．Ifyouwanttosensethetouristyatmospherethebestchoiceis_____________.A．Mexico. B．Calle59.C．TheCampecheneighborhood. D．TheCampecheMalecon.【答案】1．B2．A3．B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名為Campeche的城市歷史，以及游覽它的一些建議。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Campecheisacitywithatumultuoushistory.OriginallythisareawassettledbytheMayans.ThefirstSpanishcolonizersarrivedin1517andestablishedCampecheasthemainportintheregion.Unsurprisingly,thismadeCampecheanattractivetargetforpirateswhofirstarrivedinthelate16century.Forthenext200years,Campechewasfrequentlyattacked.(坎佩切是一個(gè)有著動(dòng)蕩歷史的城市。最初是瑪雅人在這一地區(qū)定居。第一批西班牙殖民者于1517年抵達(dá)這里，并將坎佩切建立為該地區(qū)的主要港口。不出所意料，這使得坎佩切成為了16世紀(jì)晚期首次來到這里的海盜的一個(gè)有吸引力的目標(biāo)。在接下來的200年里，坎佩切經(jīng)常遭到襲擊)”可推知，坎佩切是一個(gè)有著混合遺跡的城市。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WanderalongtheCampecheMalecon部分中“Thebestwaytoenjoythat?Wanderingalongthemalecon,orthewalkwayalongthewaterfront,justbeforesunset.(最好的享受方式是什么？在日落之前，沿著河邊的海濱大道漫步)”可知，日落前游客最好沿著海濱大道好好走一走。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Calle59isapedestrian-onlystreetfilledwithoutdoortablesfromthesurroundingrestaurants.Youcancathereatnight,butalotofpeoplecomefordrinks.ThisistheoneplaceinCampechethatfeelstouristy—itstablesarefilledwithgiantbeersthatgetsharedamongmultiplepeoples.(Calle59是一條步行街，到處都是周邊餐廳的戶外餐桌。你可以在晚上在這里吃飯，但是很多人來這里喝酒。這是坎佩切唯一一個(gè)游客常去的地方——它的桌子上擺滿了可供多人分享的巨型啤酒)”可知，如果你想感受旅游的氛圍，最好的選擇是Calle59。故選B。BIn1998,peopleinNaDoi,aquietvillageinnorthwestThailand,noticedthattheirfishcatchesinthenearbyNgaoRiverweredeclining.Thefishtheydidmanagetonetwerealsogettingsmaller.Together,NaDoi’s75householdsdecidedtotryanewsolution:theywouldsetasideasmallstretchofrivertobestrictlyoff-limitstofishing.Therulesareusuallysimple:nofishingofanykindinanagreed-uponareamarkedbyflagsorsigns.Whilefreshwaterreserveswon’tsolveeverything,inplaceswherefishpopulationsareunderpressure,theycangivespeciesmuch-neededbreathingroomtorebuildtheirnumbers,ultimatelymakingthembetterabletoweatherotherenvironmentalproblems.NaDoiwasthesecondvillageintheNgaoRivervalleytoadoptthispioneeringapproachtofreshwaterfisheriesmanagement.Sincethelate1990s,atleast50othervillagestherehavedonethesame.Asawhole,theentirelygrassroots-ledreserveshavebeensurprisinglysuccessful,accordingtofindingsrecentlypublishedinNature.Mostimportantly,theThailandcaseprovidesprobablythebestreal-worldproofthatfisheriesreservescanbenefitnotjustoceans,butfreshwater,tooIn2012.AaronKoning,thenadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofWisconsin,beganinvestigatingtheNgaoRivervalleyreservestoseehowwidespreadandsuccessfultheytrulywere.Koningfound,notsurprisingly,thatolderandbiggerreservesweremoresuccessful,becausetheyofferedmoretimeandspace—includingmorekindsofhabitat—inwhichtorebuildfishpopulationsandre-establishrarespecies.Butevenreservesestablishedinthelastcoupleofyearsshowedclearbenefitsfrombeingsparedintensefishingpressure.“Reservesthatwerelocatedclosertoavillagetendedtohaveanadvantage,”Koningsays,“probablybecausevillagerswerebetterabletoenforcetherules.”Bycomparingdifferentsystemsandapproachesaroundtheworld,Koningandhiscolleagueshopetoidentifycommonfactorsforsuccessthatcouldbetailoredtodiverseriversandlakes.4．WhatdroveNaDoitocreatefreshwaterreserves?A．Thedecliningofthefreshwater.B．Thesuccessofthenearbyvillages.C．Theincreasingfishpopulations.D．Theworseningofthefishingconditions.5．WhatdoesthesuccessofThailandfreshwaterreservessuggest?A．Fisheriesreservesarehelpfulinfreshwater.B．Thailandisapioneerinfisheriesmanagement.C．TheThailandapproachhasbeenappliedworldwide.D．Manyfishspeciesneedtorebuildtheirnumbers,6．AaronKoningfoundreservesthat________weremoresuccessful.A．hadbetterrules B．werebiggerandolderC．hadmorefishpopulations D．werecreatedmorerecently7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Grassroots-ledReservesInspiretheWorldsB．FisheriesReservesBenefitThailandRiversC．InvestigatetheNgaoRiverValleyReservesD．NaDoiIsLeadingThailandtoaBetterFuture【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了泰國的一些農(nóng)民在河流中設(shè)立淡水保護(hù)區(qū)來保護(hù)水域和漁業(yè)，并取得了良好的成效。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“In1998,peopleinNaDoi,aquietvillageinnorthwestThailand,noticedthattheirfishcatchesinthenearbyNgaoRiverweredeclining.Thefishtheydidmanagetonetwerealsogettingsmaller.Together,NaDoi’s75householdsdecidedtotryanewsolution:theywouldsetasideasmallstretchofrivertobestrictlyoff-limitstofishing.(1998年，在泰國西北部一個(gè)安靜的村莊納多伊，人們注意到他們在附近的Ngao河上的漁獲量正在下降。他們設(shè)法捕捉到的魚也在變小。納多伊的75戶家庭決定一起嘗試一種新的解決方案：他們將留出一小段河流，嚴(yán)格禁止捕魚)”可知，由于漁民的捕魚量數(shù)量下降，所以納多伊預(yù)留出一小段河流禁止捕魚。即捕魚條件的惡化，促使納多伊開始建立淡水保護(hù)區(qū)。故選D。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Mostimportantly,theThailandcaseprovidesprobablythebestreal-worldproofthatfisheriesreservescanbenefitnotjustoceans,butfreshwater,too.(最重要的是，泰國的案例提供了可能是最好的真實(shí)世界的證據(jù)，證明漁業(yè)儲(chǔ)備不僅可以使海洋受益，也可以使淡水受益)”可知，泰國的淡水保護(hù)區(qū)成功可以證明漁業(yè)儲(chǔ)備可以讓淡水受益。故選A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Koningfound,notsurprisingly,thatolderandbiggerreservesweremoresuccessful(Koning發(fā)現(xiàn)，毫無疑問，更古老和更大的保護(hù)區(qū)更成功)”可知，Koning發(fā)現(xiàn)更古老和更大的保護(hù)區(qū)更成功。故選B。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Together,NaDoi’s75householdsdecidedtotryanewsolution:theywouldsetasideasmallstretchofrivertobestrictlyoff-limitstofishing.(納多伊的75戶家庭決定一起嘗試一種新的解決方案：他們將留出一小段河流，嚴(yán)格禁止捕魚)”和文章第三段“Mostimportantly,theThailandcaseprovidesprobablythebestreal-worldproofthatfisheriesreservescanbenefitnotjustoceans,butfreshwater,too.(最重要的是，泰國的案例提供了可能是最好的真實(shí)世界的證據(jù)，證明漁業(yè)儲(chǔ)備不僅可以使海洋受益，也可以使淡水受益)”可知，本文主要介紹了泰國的一些農(nóng)民在河流中設(shè)立淡水保護(hù)區(qū)來保護(hù)水域和漁業(yè)，并取得了良好的成效。那么B項(xiàng)FisheriesReservesBenefitThailandRivers(漁業(yè)保護(hù)區(qū)對泰國河流有利)滿足題意。故選B。CArttherapy（治療）involvestheuseofcreativetechniquessuchasdrawing,painting,coloring,orsculptingtohelppeopleexpressthemselvesartisticallyandexaminethepsychologicalandemotionalundertones.Withtheguidanceofanarttherapist,clientscar"decode"thenonverbalmessagesintheseartforms,whichleadtoabetterunderstandingoftheirfeelingsandbehaviorsotheycanresolvedeeperissues.Arttherapyhelpspeopleexploretheiremotions,relievestress.improvesymptomsofanxietyanddepression,andcopewithaphysicalillnessordisability.Noartistictalentisnecessaryforarttherapytosucceed,becausethetherapeuticprocessisnotabouttheartisticvalueofthework,butratheraboutfindingassociationsbetweenthecreativechoicesmadeandaclient'sinnerlife.TheartworkcanbeusedasaspringboardforreawakeningmemoriesandtellingstoriesthatmayrevealmessagesandbeliefsfromtheunconsciousmindAswithanyformoftherapy,yourfirstsessionwillconsistofyourtalkingtothetherapistaboutwhyyouwanttofindhelpandlearningwhatthetherapisthastoofferTogether,youwillcomeupwithatreatmentplanthatinvolvescreatingsomeformofartwork.Onceyoubegincreating,thetherapistmay,attimes,simplyobserveyourprocessasyouwork,withoutinterrupting.Whenyouhavefinishedapieceofartwork—andsometimeswhileyouarestillworkingonit-thetherapistwillaskyouquestionsofhowyoufeelabouttheartisticprocess,whatiseasyordifficultaboutcreatingyourartwork,andwhatthoughtsormemoriesyoumighthavehadwhileyouareworking.Generally,thetherapistwillaskaboutyourexperienceandfeelingsbeforeprovidinganyobservations.Arttherapyisfoundedonthebeliefthatself-expressionthroughartisticcreationhastherapeuticvalueforthosewhoarehealingorseekingdeeperunderstandingofthemselvesandtheirpersonalities.Arttherapistsaretrainedtounderstandtherolesthatvariousartmedialikecolorcanplayinthetherapeuticprocessandhowthesetoolscanhelprevealone'sthoughts,feelings,andpsychologicaldisposition.8．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toteachpeopletobearttherapists.B．Toexplaintheoriginofarttherapy.C．Topraisethedevotionoftherapists.D．Topopularizeknowledgeofarttherapy.9．Whichofthefollowingmattersleastinthetherapeuticprocess?A．Thestyleofthework. B．Theemotionsoftheclient.C．Thememoriesoftheclient. D．Theartisticvalueofthework.10．Whatdoesthearttherapist'sconclusionmainlydependon?A．Theclient'squestions. B．Theclient'sexplanations.C．Thetherapist'sfeelings D．Thelengthoftheartisticprocess.11．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Littletrainingisneededtobecomeanarttherapist.B．Choicesofartelementsreflectpeople'sinnerworld.C．Arttherapistsneedtohavestrongbeliefinthemselves.D．Clientsarerequiredtousedifferenttoolstoshowthemselves.【答案】8．D9．D10．B11．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了藝術(shù)治療的相關(guān)概念、內(nèi)容、作用和方法。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Arttherapyinvolvestheuseofcreativetechniquessuchasdrawing,painting,coloring,orsculptingtohelppeopleexpressthemselvesartisticallyandexaminethepsychologicalandemotionalundertones.（藝術(shù)治療包括使用創(chuàng)造性的技術(shù)，如繪畫，繪畫，著色，或雕塑，以幫助人們表達(dá)自己的藝術(shù)和檢查心理和情感的潛調(diào)。）”可知，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是為了普及藝術(shù)治療的知識(shí)。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Noartistictalentisnecessaryforarttherapytosucceed,becausethetherapeuticprocessisnotabouttheartisticvalueofthework,butratheraboutfindingassociationsbetweenthecreativechoicesmadeandaclient'sinnerlife.（藝術(shù)治療的成功并不需要藝術(shù)天賦，因?yàn)橹委煹倪^程不是關(guān)于作品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值，而是關(guān)于尋找創(chuàng)造性選擇與客戶的內(nèi)心生活之間的聯(lián)系。）可知，在治療過程中，作品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值最不重要。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Onceyoubegincreating,thetherapistmay,attimes,simplyobserveyourprocessasyouwork,withoutinterrupting.Whenyouhavefinishedapieceofartwork—andsometimeswhileyouarestillworkingonit-thetherapistwillaskyouquestionsofhowyoufeelabouttheartisticprocess（一旦你開始創(chuàng)造，治療師有時(shí)會(huì)在你工作的時(shí)候觀察你的過程，而不會(huì)打斷你。當(dāng)你完成了一件藝術(shù)作品——有時(shí)當(dāng)你還在做的時(shí)候——治療師會(huì)問你對藝術(shù)過程的感覺如何）可知，在客戶進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的過程中，治療師可能會(huì)觀察和提問，在之后也會(huì)詢問很多問題。以及最后一句“Generally,thetherapistwillaskaboutyourexperienceandfeelingsbeforeprovidinganyobservations.（通常，治療師會(huì)在提供任何觀察之前詢問你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和感受。）可推知，藝術(shù)治療師的結(jié)論主要取決于客戶的解釋。故選B。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Arttherapistsaretrainedtounderstandtherolesthatvariousartmedialikecolorcanplayinthetherapeuticprocessandhowthesetoolscanhelprevealone'sthoughts，feelings,andpsychologicaldisposition.（藝術(shù)治療師接受培訓(xùn)，了解各種藝術(shù)媒介(如顏色)在治療過程中所扮演的角色，以及這些工具如何幫助揭示一個(gè)人的思想、感情和心理傾向。）”可以推斷出藝術(shù)元素的選擇反映了人的內(nèi)心世界。故選B。DNowadaysmedicaltechnologyseemstobeadvancedenoughfordoctorstoperformbraintransplants(移植).Thoughthisprocedurehasonlybeensuccessfullyperformedonanimalssofar,doctorsarestillhopingtoperformthisprocedureonhumans.However,inmyopinion,braintransplantsshouldnotbeperformedatall,especiallynotonhumansbecauseofthelargenumberofproblemsandsideeffectsthatcouldcomealongwith.Hopefullythesedangeroussideeffectswillconvincedoctorsnottoperformthisprocedureonhumans.Despitemanybenefitstechnologybrings,Idonotthinkthismedicaltechnologyofbraintransplantswillhelp.Wewereallbornwithonebrainandthroughchildhoodtoadolescenceourminddevelopedintowhoweare,soifwithadifferentbrainwewouldnolongerbeunique.Apersonwithadifferentbrainwouldseemtobeatotalstrangerandinmanywaystheywouldbe.Nooneshouldstealouridentityfromus,evenifweareseriouslyinjured,andchangeittoacompletelynewone.Alsoforthepeoplewhohavediedwithhealthybrains,thatwastheiridentityanditshouldnotbegiventoanyoneelse.Anotherproblemwithbraintransplantsishowdoctorscanchoosewhatare“healthy”or“normal”brains.Anelderlypersonwhohasdiedwouldhaveanagedbrainthatwouldnotbeasefficientasayoungerperson’sbrain.Thenwoulddoctorshavetofindhealthybrainsofthesameageasthepersonwhoneedsit?Thiscouldalsobringupotherfactorssuchasintelligence,gender,orphysicalproblemsthatapersonmighthavehadbeforedeath.Alsoanotherproblemmightbehowlongabraincanbekept“alive”afterdeathandhowitcanbekept“alive”withoutdamage.Overall,myfeelingsaboutthissurgeryarethatitshouldnotbedoneonhumansuntildoctorshaveovercomealltheproblemsandobstacles(障礙)thatstandintheirwayofmakinghumanbraintransplantssuccessful.12．Whydoestheauthorthinkbraintransplantsshouldnotbeperformedatall?A．Thecostofthesurgeryisextremelyhigh.B．Doctorsarenotabletoperformbraintransplants.C．Agoodmanyproblemsandsideeffectsmayarise.D．Thisprocedurehasonlybeensuccessfulonanimals.13．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Peopleshouldn’tgivetheirhealthybrainstoothers.B．Havingabraintransplantmeanslosingone’sidentity.C．Transplantingbrainsischangingoldbrainsintonewones.D．Havingbraintransplantsindicatesstealingidentityfromothers.14．Whatdoweknowabout“healthy”brains?A．Agedbrainsaren’thealthybrains. B．Youngbrainsarealwayshealthy.C．Healthybrainscannotbekept“alive”. D．It’sverydifficulttotellhealthybrains.15．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toencouragebraindonation.B．Tostresstheimportanceofbrainoperation.C．Toargueagainstbraintransplantsonhumans.D．Tointroducethetechnologyofbraintransplants.【答案】12．C13．B14．D15．C【解析】這是一篇議論文。雖然醫(yī)療技術(shù)越來越發(fā)達(dá)，在動(dòng)物身上已經(jīng)成功實(shí)施了腦部移植，但是作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該進(jìn)行腦部移植，尤其是人類腦部移植。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,inmyopinion,braintransplantsshouldnotbeperformedatall,especiallynotonhumansbecauseofthelargenumberofproblemsandsideeffectsthatcouldcomealongwith.”可知，作者認(rèn)為完全不應(yīng)該做腦部移植手術(shù)，尤其是在人類身上，因?yàn)榭赡軙?huì)隨之而來大量的問題和副作用。故選C項(xiàng)。13．段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是“Wewereallbornwithonebrainandthroughchildhoodtoadolescenceourminddevelopedintowhoweare,soifwithadifferentbrainwewouldnolongerbeunique.(我們生來都只有一個(gè)大腦，從童年到青年，我們的思想逐漸形成現(xiàn)在的自己，所以如果我們有個(gè)不同的大腦，我們將不再獨(dú)特)”及“Alsoforthepeoplewhohavediedwithhealthybrains,thatwastheiridentityanditshouldnotbegiventoanyoneelse.(同樣，對于有健康大腦而去世的人，那是他們的身份，不應(yīng)該給其他任何人)”可知，第二段主要講做腦部移植意味著失去自己的身份，故選B項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Anotherproblemwithbraintransplantsishowdoctorscanchoosewhatare“healthy”or“normal”brains.(腦部移植的另一個(gè)問題是，醫(yī)生如何選擇什么是“健康的”或者“正常的”大腦)可知，很難辨別“健康的”大腦。故選D項(xiàng)。15．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，第一段中作者提出自己的觀點(diǎn)“inmyopinion,braintransplantsshouldnotbeperformedatall,especiallynotonhumans(我認(rèn)為，完全不應(yīng)該做腦部移植手術(shù)，尤其是在人類身上)”，接下來具體分析為什么不贊成腦部移植，最后一段作者再次強(qiáng)調(diào)“itshouldnotbedoneonhumans…(它不應(yīng)該在人類身上實(shí)施……)”，所以本文的目的是反對人類腦部移植。故選C項(xiàng)。Unitthe1980s,scientistsweretrainedtoignoreanimalpain,accordingtothebeliefthattheabilitytofeelpainwasassociatedonlywithhigherconsciousness.However,today,scientistsviewhumansasaspeciesofanimals,andlargelyacceptthatmanyspeciesarecapableofsomelevelofself-awareness.16．Ifyouhitanotherpersonintheface,youcanestimatetheirpainlevelbywhattheydoorsayinresponse.17．Gradually,scientistshavedevelopedasetofindicatorsofpainresponseinnon-humananimals.Demonstratingaresponsetoanegativestimulationanddisplayingprotectivebehaviorofinjuredareasaretwomajorsigns.18．Someresearchersarguelobsters(龍蝦)aretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardsforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,andlearntoavoiddangeroussituations.Theyareevenbelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.Inresult,todaymostscientistsagreethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.Duetogrowingevidencethatthelobstersmayfeelpain,itisnowillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemoniceinsomecountries.Eveninlocationswhereboilinglobstersremainslegal,manyrestaurantsprefermorehumanemethods.19．Tosatisfypickydiners,morerestaurantsruleoutthecruelcookingmethods.Currently,themosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutes(電擊)alobster.20．Thefollowingprocessofcookingissuretocausenopain.Incontrast,ittakesabout2minutesforalobstertodiefromboilingwaterduringwhichtimepainlasts.A．Buthugedisagreementexists.B．Thecreatureinstantlylosesconsciousnessinhalfasecond.C．Itbeatstheformermethodbysavingchefs’effortincleaningthecreature.D．It’sdifficulttoassesspaininotherspeciesbecausewecannotcommunicateaseasily.E.Peoplearecomingtorealizethatotherspeciesmightalsoenjoytheluxuryofemotion.F.Exceptformoralconsideration,manychefsbelievestressnegativelyaffectstheflavor(味道)ofthemeat.G.Legalprohibitionbecomesthemajorconsiderationforrestaurantswhenchoosingacookingmethod.【答案】16．E17．D18．A19．F20．B【解析】這是一篇說明文。今天，科學(xué)家把人類看作是一種動(dòng)物，并在很大程度上接受許多物種都有一定程度的自我意識(shí)。人們開始意識(shí)到其他物種也可能擁有情感。接著文章以龍蝦為例，論述了兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)：一種認(rèn)為龍蝦不能感覺到疼痛；一種認(rèn)為龍蝦受傷會(huì)引起身體疼痛。由于越來越多的證據(jù)表明龍蝦可能會(huì)感到疼痛，在一些國家，活煮龍蝦或把龍蝦放在冰上是非法的。而餐廳除了道德上的考慮，也為了保持食物的口感，在烹飪龍蝦前會(huì)將其電暈，再對其進(jìn)行沒有任何痛苦的烹飪。16．根據(jù)上文today,scientistsviewhumansasaspeciesofanimals,andlargelyacceptthatmanyspeciesarecapableofsomelevelofself-awareness.可知今天，科學(xué)家把人類看作是一種動(dòng)物，并在很大程度上接受了許多物種都有一定程度的自我意識(shí)。這是人們逐漸意識(shí)到其他物種也可能享受情感。故選E。17．根據(jù)下文Gradually,scientistshavedevelopedasetofindicatorsofpainresponseinnon-humananimals.可知科學(xué)家們開發(fā)了一套非人類動(dòng)物疼痛反應(yīng)的指標(biāo)。這是因?yàn)槲覀儾蝗菀缀推渌鼊?dòng)物之間交流，所以很難評(píng)估其他物種的疼痛。故選D。18．根據(jù)后文Someresearchersarguelobsters(龍蝦)aretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)tofeelpain.可知一些研究人員認(rèn)為龍蝦和脊椎動(dòng)物太不相似了，所以不能感覺到疼痛。與本段最后一句Inresult,todaymostscientistsagreethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.（今天大多數(shù)科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為龍蝦受傷會(huì)引起身體疼痛。）兩者觀點(diǎn)完全不一致，是存在巨大分歧的。故選A。19．根據(jù)下文Tosatisfypickydiners,morerestaurantsruleoutthecruelcookingmethods.（為了滿足挑剔的食客，更多的餐館排除了殘忍的烹飪方法。）可知本空是敘述這一行為的原因是：除了道德上的考慮，許多廚師認(rèn)為壓力會(huì)對肉的味道產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。故選F。20．根據(jù)下文Thefollowingprocessofcookingissuretocausenopain.（接下來的烹調(diào)過程肯定不會(huì)引起疼痛。）因此可知龍蝦是因?yàn)殡姄袅⒖淌チ酥X，所以沒有痛苦，故選B。第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Supposeyouhaveaticketforanexcitingfilmwhichyouwanttoseeverymuch,but21，therewillbeanexamtomorrow.Whatwillyoudo?Seethefilmorstudyfortheexam?Ifyoucan22seeingthefilmandworkhardatyourlessons,it23thatyouhaveself-control.Self-controlisnotsomethingyouhave24birth.Itneedstobedevelopedinyourlife.Often,youngchildrenwilleasilybe25whentheirneedsorwishesarenotmetatonce.26daily,childrenseealotoffood,toysandactivitiesthatare27tothem.Manytimeschildrendonotknowhowtodealwiththeirfrustration(沮喪)whentheyare28"no"or"later".Also,sometimesyoungchildrendonot29whytheyarenotallowedtodosomething.Inordertohavepositiveexperiencesathomeandinschool,childrenneed30tolearnproperlydealwiththeirfeelings31theycannotgetsomething.Theseskillswill32children'sself-control.Don'tgotobedlatebecauseofaniceTVprogram,33youmaygotoschoollate,anditisawasteof34Everyoneofushassomehobbies,afewofwhichmaykeepusfrommaking35inlife.Wemustuseourself-controltobecomefreeofthem.21．A．unluckily B．finally C．usually D．simply22．A．turnup B．turnout C．giveup D．giveaway23．A．reminds B．means C．warns D．introduces24．A．of B．in C．by D．a(chǎn)t25．A．satisfied B．disappointed C．interested D．shocked26．A．Almost B．Just C．Only D．Then27．A．a(chǎn)ttractive B．similar C．expensive D．strange28．A．a(chǎn)sked B．told C．taken D．heard29．A．a(chǎn)gree B．hope C．understand D．believe30．A．languages B．customs C．subjects D．skills31．A．whether B．until C．when D．before32．A．divide B．produce C．create D．develop33．A．so B．but C．or D．a(chǎn)nd34．A．money B．time C．a(chǎn)bility D．energy35．A．experiments B．preparations C．sense D．progress【答案】21．A22．C23．B24．D25．B26．A27．A28．B29．C30．D31．C32．D33．C34．B35．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了什么是自控能力，以及這個(gè)能力對于我們的重要性。21．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：假設(shè)你有一張你非常想看的、激動(dòng)人心的電影票，但不幸的是，明天有考試。A.unluckily不幸地；B.finally最終；C.usually通常；D.simply只是，簡單地。根據(jù)下文“therewillbeanexamtomorrow”可知，第二天有考試對于想要看電影的人來說是不幸的事。故選A。22．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：如果你能放棄看電影，努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，這意味著你有自制力。A.turnup調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)；B.turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；C.giveup放棄；D.giveaway贈(zèng)送。根據(jù)“workhardatyourlessons”可知，為了準(zhǔn)備考試而努力學(xué)習(xí)，放棄了看電影。故選C。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你能放棄看電影，努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，這意味著你有自制力。A.reminds提醒；B.means意味著；C.warns警告；D.introduces介紹。為了準(zhǔn)備考試放棄看電影并且努力學(xué)習(xí)，這就意味著有自控能力。故選B。24．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：自我控制不是與生俱來的。A.of的；B.in在……里面；C.by靠，通過；D.at在（某時(shí)間或某地點(diǎn)）。atbirth為固定短語，意為“在出生時(shí)”。根據(jù)“Itneedstobedevelopedinyourlife.”（它需要在你的生活中得到發(fā)展。）可知，自控能力不是與生俱來的。故選D。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)孩子們的需要或愿望沒有立即得到滿足時(shí)，他們常常很容易失望。A.satisfied滿意的；B.disappointed失望的；C.interested感興趣的；D.shocked震驚的。根據(jù)“whentheirneedsorwishesarenotmetatonce.”可知，當(dāng)需求或者愿望沒有得到滿足時(shí)，會(huì)感到失望。故選B。26．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們幾乎每天都能看到很多吸引他們的食物、玩具和活動(dòng)。A.Almost幾乎；B.Just僅僅，只是；C.Only僅僅；D.Then然后。對應(yīng)上文的“often”，此處表示幾乎每天孩子們都會(huì)看到很多東西。故選A。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們幾乎每天都能看到很多吸引他們的食物、玩具和活動(dòng)。A.attractive吸引人的；B.similar相似的；C.expensive昂貴的；D.strange奇怪的。結(jié)合常識(shí)和上文提到“l(fā)otoffood,toysandactivities”可知，食物、玩具和玩樂對孩子來說是有吸引力的。故選A。28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：很多時(shí)候，當(dāng)孩子們被告知“不”或“以后”時(shí)，他們不知道該如何處理他們的挫折感。A.asked問；B.told告訴；C.taken拿走；D.heard聽說。根據(jù)“childrendonotknowhowtodealwiththeirfrustration”可知，孩子被家長告知“不”，所以很沮喪。故選B。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：而且，有時(shí)小孩子不明白為什么他們不被允許做某事。A.agree同意；B.hope希望；C.understand理解；D.believe相信。對應(yīng)上文的“childrendonotknow”可知，此處表示孩子不明白為什么有些事不能做。故選C。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了在家里和學(xué)校有積極的體驗(yàn)，孩子們需要學(xué)習(xí)正確處理他們得不到東西時(shí)的感受的技能。A.languages語言；B.customs習(xí)俗；C.subjects學(xué)科，主題；D.skills技巧。根據(jù)下文的“Theseskills”可知，此處為“skill”的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。31．考查從屬連詞辨析。句意：為了在家里和學(xué)校有積極的體驗(yàn)，孩子們需要學(xué)習(xí)正確處理他們得不到東西時(shí)的感受的技能。A.whether是否；B.until直到；C.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；D.before在……之前。此處表示當(dāng)孩子得不到一些東西時(shí)，需要學(xué)習(xí)恰當(dāng)?shù)靥幚碜约旱母惺?。故選C。32．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些技能會(huì)培養(yǎng)孩子的自制力。A.divide劃分，分割；B.produce生產(chǎn)；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.develop發(fā)展。根據(jù)上文“childrenneedskillstolearnproperlydealwiththeirfeelings”可知，這些技能能培養(yǎng)孩子的自制力。故選D。33．考查并列連詞辨析。句意：不要因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)好看的電視節(jié)目而晚睡，否則你可能上學(xué)晚了，這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。A.so因此；B.but但是；C.or或者，否則；D.and和。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不要因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)好看的電視節(jié)目而晚睡，否則你可能上學(xué)晚了，這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。A.money錢；B.time時(shí)間；C.ability能力；D.energy精力，能量。對于學(xué)生來說，因?yàn)榭措娨暫芡韺?dǎo)致上學(xué)遲到，這是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。故選B。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們每個(gè)人都有一些愛好，其中一些可能會(huì)阻礙我們在生活中取得進(jìn)步。A.experiments試驗(yàn)；B.preparations準(zhǔn)備；C.sense意識(shí)，感官；D.progress進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展。根據(jù)下文的“Wemustuseourself-controltobecomefreeofthem.”可知，此處是指一些不好的東西，而“阻止我們?nèi)〉眠M(jìn)步”符合語境，makeprogress為固定短語，意為“取得進(jìn)步”。故選D。第=2\*ROMANII卷（非選擇題）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Iwillneverforget-myfirstassignmentasaforeignreporterinBraziltocovertheRioCarnival.ItisoneofBrazil'slargestcultural36．(event),drawinguptotwomilliontouriststoRioeveryyear.IwasoutonthestreetsonthefirstdayoftheCarnival,37．(arm)withmycameraandnotebook,readytodosomework.Beingthere38．(be)aconstantassault(沖擊)onmysenses.Hundredsofpeopleweresinginganddancing,39．Braziliansambamusicfillingtheair.Iwanderedforhours,fromoneblockpartytoanother.Atonepoint,someoneoffered40．(trade)meanalcoholicbeverage(飲料)andagoldenfeatheredheaddressformy,camera.I’mstillnotsurewhy,butIagreedtothedeal.Itwas41．(probable)aquestionofgettingsweptupintheCarnivalspirit.Unfortunately,mybossdidnotacceptthis42．(explain),soIhadtopayfor43．newcameraintheend.Itwasworthit,though.Istillhavethatgoldenheaddress,as44．remindsmeofthoseunforgettabledays.TheRioCarnivaliswithoutdoubtsomething45．everyoneshouldaddtohisorherbucketlist.【答案】36．events37．a(chǎn)rmed38．was39．with40．totrade41．probably42．explanation43．a(chǎn)44．it45．that【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在巴西狂歡節(jié)上作為一名外國記者的難忘的經(jīng)歷。36．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：它是巴西最大的文化活動(dòng)之一，每年吸引多達(dá)200萬游客前來參觀。oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“最……之一”是英語習(xí)慣表達(dá)，故用名詞event的復(fù)數(shù)形式合乎邏輯。故填events。37．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：狂歡節(jié)的第一天，我?guī)е鄼C(jī)和筆記本上街，準(zhǔn)備干點(diǎn)活。分析句子可知，空格處為非謂語，動(dòng)詞arm“裝備”和主語I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞，作狀語。故填armed。38．考查be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)。句意：在那里，我的感官一直受到攻擊。動(dòng)名詞短語Beingthere作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填was。39．考查介詞。句意：數(shù)百人載歌載舞，空氣中彌漫著巴西桑巴舞音樂。介詞with接復(fù)合賓語，句中with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞，作狀語，表示伴隨，符合句意和語法。故填with。40．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：有一次，有人提出用一杯酒精飲料和一個(gè)金色羽毛頭飾換我的相機(jī)。offertodosth“主動(dòng)提出做某事”是動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用法，不定式作賓語。故填totrade。41．考查副詞。句意：這可能是一個(gè)被狂歡節(jié)的精神所淹沒的問題。修飾整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用probable的副詞形式。故填probably。42．考查名詞。句意：不幸的是，我的老板不接受這個(gè)解釋，所以最后我不得不花錢買了一個(gè)新相機(jī)。根據(jù)空格前的acceptthis可知，此處應(yīng)用explain的名詞explanation單數(shù)形式作賓語。故填explanation。43．考查冠詞。句意：不幸的是，我的老板不接受這個(gè)解釋，所以最后我不得不花錢買了一個(gè)新相機(jī)。根據(jù)句意可知，這里泛指“一個(gè)新相機(jī)”，newcamera應(yīng)用不定冠詞限定，因所連接的單詞new以輔音音素開頭，故填a。44．考查代詞。句意：但這是值得的。我仍然留著那個(gè)金色的頭飾，因?yàn)樗屛蚁肫鹆四切╇y忘的日子。分析句子，根據(jù)句意可知，此處連詞as后應(yīng)用代詞it作主語，指前面的事物thatgoldenheaddress。故填it。45．考查定語從句。句意：毫無疑問，狂歡節(jié)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該添加到他或她的愿望清單上的東西。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為不定代詞something，故用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中作賓語。故填that。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分15分）46．假如你是李華，上周日下午在你校排球場上舉行了排球比賽決賽(thevolleyballfinal)，請你為校英語報(bào)寫一份報(bào)道，內(nèi)容如下:1.賽程回顧:2.賽后反響。注意:1.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫:2.詞數(shù)80左右，標(biāo)題已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。TheVolleyballFinal_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________